Term

Date

Nation

Description
Chemical herbicide used in Vietnam as a jungle clearing technique, named for the color of the barrel, associated with cancer and birth defects Many western governments ignored the actions of Hitler after WWI, thinking that they'd just blow over since Hitler had nothing to complain about, but he escalated his efforts instead. Lenin drafts a document rejecting support for the Provisional Government of Russa as established by the Duma. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam, Northern Army. Brutal reputation, sort of a KGB role in some cases. Hitler tries to hold hostage government officials but is arrested and sent to jail where he writes his book. Shutstaffel, secret police, win over SA Power by violence, chosen by Lenin Shutzanteil, storm troopers, state control Buddhist monk sets himself on fire, accusing the Diem government of religious discrimination. Widely published, it led to Diem's downfall and the naming of a new President loyal to the US. Appointed Chancellor and begins to take control of the legislative bodies. Secret Police, helped meet quotas, general discipline The bombing campaign in late December in response to the suspension of peace talks with the north Vietnamese. Causes them to pull out of WWI (Brest-Litovsk), Reds versus Whites (US support) A cause of the Vietnam war. With the French losing power, vaccum would be filled with Red China? Prevents Nixon from maintaining troops in Laos and Cambodia - forbids them from being anywhere but Vietnam. Nixon bombs the nations in response. Lenin's death signals a new era of power. Struggle between Leon Trotsky and Stalin begins. Stalin has power because he is secretary of Politburo.

Agent Orange

USA

Appeasement

1920s-1930s

Europe

April Theses ARVN Beer Hall Putsch Blackshirts/SS Bolsheviks Brownshirts/SA

1917 1955 1922 1903

Russia Vietnam Germany Germany Russia Germany

Buddhist Protest Chancellor Hitler Cheka/KGB Christmas Bombing Civil War Containment of China Cooper-Church Amendment

1963 1933 1918-1991

Vietnam Germany USSR

1972 1918-1921

USA, Vietnam Russia Indochina

1970

USA

Death of Lenin

1924

USSR

Dien Bien Phu

1954

Distrust of China

last battle of French in Vietnam. Vietnamese massacre French. Spurs France to leave, happens during Geneva France, Vietnam Conference. Signals the end of the First Indochina War. The decades of occupation by China made Vietnam distrust them greatly. It was absurd for the US to assume that the Vietnamese wanted to be like China or even part of China. Vietnam

Domino Theory

1970s

Evacuation of US Embassy in Saigon 1975

Fall of Saigon

1975

Five Year Plan

1928-1932

Free Fire Zones Green Berets

Hanoi Hotel

Ho Chi Minh

1890-1969

Ho Chi Minh Trail 1960s-70s Indochina Japanese Control of Vietnam WWII July Days 1917

Kent State Kerensky Offensive Khmer Rouge Kornilov Revolt

1970

1917 1970 1917

Kristallnacht

1938

If one falls, the others will follow suit. Also applies to Latin America. Indochina The US ordered the embassy evacuated as North Vietnamese troops neared Saigon. Just a week afterwards, Saigon fell to the North. Vietnam The fall of the South's capital city signaled the end of the war. Finally Vietnam was reunited, though under a communist government. Vietnam economic advances needed to become more socialist. Brutal industrialization, break power of pesants to get industrial tools (communal farms), wage scales based on production. USSR US soldiers were informed of free fire zones where they were instructed to shoot anything that moved, regardless of what it was. Vietnam The US Special Forces used to go directly into villages USA, Vietnam to win over the South Vietnamese over the Viet Cong. A notorious North Vietnamese prison that used tortue of POWs for information. An example of the lack of humanitarian rights. Vietnam A nationalist Vietnamese man with a French education. Went to Paris Peace Conference, but disillusioned. Then became revolutionary with Soviet training. Disliked China, but received aid from USSR in hopes of becoming independent nation. Vietnam A system of roads and paths used as supply lines for the Vietminh. Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Named by USA after their leader. French colony in Asia that is now Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. France The Vichy government of France hands over Indochina to the advancing Japan. It is later returned to France France, Japan demonstrations against the provisional government Russia The shootings at Kent State by National Guardsmen during student protests of the invasion of Cambodia by Nixon. USA A failed offensive movement against Germany in WWI by the provisional government. Downed morale even more, huge casualties. Russia Overthrows Cambodia, communits. Humanitarian crimes, helped Viet Cong. Cambodia A Russian general tries to take power for himself and bring back the Tsar. It fails. Russia The people's response to Hitler's decree that all Jews are bad and are responsible for the bad economy, etc. Killing, looting, property destruction Germany

Lebensraum

1923

Germany

Marx and Engels

1848

My Lai Mensheviks

1968 1903

Russia

Munich Conference 1938

Europe

Mentioned in Mein Kampf, Hitler calls for more living space before he unites with Austria-Hungary and the Sudetenland. Communist Manifesto; all history is a class struggle, economics influences history, industrial revolution is last class struggle. A massacre by the USA, comparable to the Rape of Nanking in WWII. William Caulley, the commander of the US troops, was later tried and convicted for the event. Power by democratic process Russia and Czechoslovakia not invited, appeasement rules that USSR isn't doing anything wrong. They are within the limits. A gasoline-based flamethrower used since WWII. It produces horrible wounds when in contact with people. In Vietnam, it was used as a jungle clearing technique, often harmful to the villages and people living there. Led to the "February" revolution in March let communism go for now (hands-off), economy recovers from wars, mixed economy The S. Vietnamese President, Catholic, unpopular, US supported SA Falls to SS, establishing the country's secret police system. Discrimination against the Jews, causes some to go into hiding, reveals Hitler's racism to the core. The first bombing of North Vietnam in response to the Tonkin Gulf incident. This escalates the conflict. American companies lose their holdings in Mexican oil as they are nationalized. The release of these papers during the Vietnam war fueled anti-war sentiment. The papers referred to US policy in Vietnam during the Truman Presidency. The aftermath formed the committee who burglarized the Democratic National Headquarters (Watergate Scandal). 7 key men making decisions (Lenin alive) A weak democracy that was still involved in WWI, unpopular with people, Bolsheviks still want power. Lenin does not cooperate with them (April Theses) Stalin becomes paranoid, rids army of valuable officers from WWI, doesn't trust anyone. Exile and death common. Quotas for traitors must be met.

Napalm National Women's Day Riot 1917 NEP (New Economic Policy) 1921-1928 Ngo Dinh Diem Night of the Long Knives Nuremberg Laws Operation Rolling Thunder PeMex

USA Russia USSR

1934 1935

Germany Germany USA

1938

Mexico

Pentagon Papers Politburo Provisional Government

1971

USA USSR

1917

Russia

Purges

1936-1938

USSR

Reichstag fire

1933

Germany

Reparations

1921

Europe

Hitler uses this fire set by a 'communist' to justify more power and the emergency decree, allowing him to act out against any communists trying to harm Germany. 33 Billion US Dollars to be repayed by Germany after WWI. Money goes into Germany through US, Germany to France/Britain, France/Britain back to US to repay the debt. Germany defaults in 1923, Rhur Valley is occupied by France.

SEATO

1955

Senator Wayne Morse Spartakist Uprising 1919 Stakhanov 1928-1932

Tet Offensive

1968

Tonkin Gulf Resolution 1964 Trade Agreements Act 1934 Treaty of BrestLitovsk 1918

Truman Doctrine

1947

U.S.S. Maddox

1964

Ukrainian Famine

1932

The South East Asian Treaty Organization, modeled after NATO, came into power as the struggle with the French ended. South Vietnam signed, but North did not. Asia A senator during the Gulf of Tonkin resolution who voted against it because of suspicions that President Johnson was lying about the incident in SE Asia. He was also a civil rights supporter. Oregon After WWI, the communists in Germany rise up, but fail to overthrow the government. Germany The model worker, produced more than anyone else, Paul Bunyan of Russia. USSR The Communists attacked virtually every major city in S. Vietnam on the first day of Tet, a holiday. American and S. Vietnamese troops were surprised because of a holiday truce. It took several months for the South to regain control of those cities, and they inflicted large casualties on the North. The North held the US Embassy in Saigon for 8 hours, allowing for the further decline of confidence in the US. Inspired Walter Cronkite's "stalemate" comment. Vietnam The legislation pushed through Congress by Johnson with the promise that things wouldn't escalate. It gave Johnson the power to make war without Congress' permission. USA Roosevelt has the power to lover tariffs as part of the Good Neighbor Policy. Increased trade results. USA ends Russian involvement in WWI, lose territory to Russia, Germany Germans, get on with civil war at home. Truman, in a speech with the goal of getting money for Greece, declared a new policy: any nation wishing to be free (democratic) would be supported militarily by the US (against communism.) USA The US Navy ship 'attacked' by the North Vietnamese in 1964. Spurs the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. The ship was in disputed waters. USA The famine of Ukraine was due to collectivization and harse collection policies of the USSR government coupled with a severe draught. Est. 5 million die USSR

Viet Cong Vietminh Vietnamization War Communism

1955-1975 1941-Present 1970-1975 1918-1921

Vietnam Vietnam USA, Vietnam Russia

A derogatory term meaning Vietnamese Communists, the equivalent to "Commie" League for the Independence of Vietnam, founded by Ho Chi Minh, mixture of many ideological groups. The movement of American troops to simply put the conflict back in the hands of the Vietnamese. not real communism, just trying to win the war, lots of looting, grain at gunpoint on both sides.

Black: Rise of Single Party States Red: Vietnam Green: Politics in Latin America

Term
442nd Infantry Combat Team

Date
1942-1945

Nation

Description

Adolf Hitler Airplane Airplane

1889-1945

Alsace Lorraine

1870-1871

America First Anschluss

1940s 1938

Arms Race Artillery Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand Axis Powers

1910

1914 1936

Bataan Death March 1941 Battle of Britain 1940

Black Hand Blitzkrieg Bombing of Dresden Committee to defend America Double Entente 1939-1945 Feb-45 1940s 1904

All-nisei unit, most decorated in the war, European USA theatre only, wanted to prove patriotism Austrian born painter who served in WWI. Blamed Jews and Communists for Germany's troubles. Jailed in 1923 for Beer Hall Putsch, wrote Mein Kampf in jail. Germany Appointed Chancellor in 1933, later appointed Fuhrer. Reconnaissance efforts only, small dogfights. bombings, supplies, total warfare This area was lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. It was a sore spot for French at the beginning of France WWI. Organization including Charles Lindbergh that wanted to stay out of the conflict in Europe to take care of our USA own problems. Germany/Austria- Germany "unifies" with Austria Hungary in a rigged Hungary election. Also called the annexation. Germany, Russia, Great Britain, and France jumped into action building huge peacetime armies in preparation for Europe the inevitable war to come. Shell-hole shelters, many casualties, relatively ineffective versus machine guns. Sarajevo. The Black Hand ambushes and assassinates Austria-Hungary the royal convoy, sparking Austria Hungary to give and Serbia Serbia an ultimatum. Germany (unified) and Italy, Russia until Operation Europe Barbarossa, during WWII. USA/Philippines/ US surrender in Philippines, Japanese march them to Japan their death camps. Germany bombs civilian targets in England in an Britain, Germany attempt to weaken morality and ability to fight total war. The nationalist organization that assassinated Franz Ferdinand. There were five members who staged an Serbia ambush of the royal transport. Lightning war, a tactic used by Germany to reduce Europe casualties and prevent long wars. Allies bomb Dresden for no strategic purpose, part of Germany total war. Allen White (journalist); America should get involved USA through aid to Britain and France. France and Britain enter a military alliance and nonEurope agression pact.

Dreadnaught Dreadnought Dual Alliance

1906 1879

Britain England Europe France, Britain USA

Dunkirk Evacuation 1940 Exclusion Act Executive Order 8802 Executive Order 9066 1882

1941

USA

1942

USA

Facism Finnish War Firebombing Fourteen Points

1930s 1939-1940

Europe USSR/Finland Europe/Pacific

1919

USA

Britain builds the first dreadnaught, a ship designed specifically for war, heavy warfare. It had more firepower and armor than any other ship made up to that time. This spurs an arms race between the Entente and Alliance powers. Standard naval ship, too expensive for battle use. German and Austria-Hungary sign a military alliance All British troops were evacuated to England from France during this northern retreat. No ethnic Chinese to immigrate for 10 years, renewed for another ten. No discrimination in employment for defense industries and government. Enforced by Fair Employment Practices Commission. Internment for all Japanese and Japanese-Americans. Loss of property, loss of rights, unlawful detainment/beating. The nationalistic, anti-communist, anti-semitic, racist, social darwinist ideology characterized by a paramilitary force, glorified war, elite race, propaganda/symbolism, a great leader, and no clear doctrine. Hitler/Mussolini/Franco During the time Germany was busy with France, the USSR took the opportunity to invade Finland. Several cities were firebombed as a tactic of total warfare. Woodrow Wilson's idea of ending the war, benefited only allies

Franz Ferdinand

1863-1914

Franz Joseph Gentleman's Agreement

1830-1916 1907

Hirohito

1941-1945

Imperialism

Heir to Austro-Hungarian empire, assassinated by Black Austria-Hungary Hand with wife Sophie at Serbian border in 1914. Father of Ferdinand, Hapsburg emporer, grieving over son's death, sent ultimatum to Serbia under advice from Austria-Hungary Germany. No immigrants from Japan, San Francisco's schools USA, Japan would not discriminate. The Japanese Emporer during WWII, the US allows him to stay alive after the war, the source of gret fervor (kamikazes) and nationalism. He had no real military Japan power. Germany and Russia are left out of the loop because they were too late. The race for Africa, a warm-water port for Russia, nationalism in the Balkans all contribute to Germany and Russia being anxious to gain territory nearer to home. England, France, Spain, Portugal, and Europe Belgium amass large tracts of land abroad.

Invasion of Poland

1939

Poland

Island Hopping

1941-1945

Pacific

issei, nisei, sansei Italy invades Ethiopia

1941-1945 1934

USA Africa

Japanese Embargo Korean War League of Nations

1939-1941 1950-1953 1919

USA/Japan

Lend-Lease Act

1941

USA/Europe

Germany invaded Poland using the Blitzkrieg tactic. The justification was a 'border incident' staged by the SS troops. It was prearranged to partition the land between Germany and the Soviet Union. A tactic used by the U.S. in an attempt to reach Japan through fueling station islands instead of invading Japan directly. It was costly but effective in wiping out opposition on small islands. In this order: aliens, naturalized, born citizens. These terms referred to the generations of Japanese in America. All three were interned. Mussolini invades N. Africa. US imposes embargo, but Ethiopia falls. Included a cancelled commercial agreement, no shipments of fuel or scrap metal, and Roosevelt froze their assets in 1941. All of this was in response to the Japanese invasion of mainland Asia down to Indochina. Divided Korea into same line as before, first involvement of UN military (multilateral forces). Wilson's brainchild, precursor to the UN but without any power. Congress; extended to Britain and France, the US 'leased' military equipment to the allies. It was extended to the Soviets later that year when the non-agression pact was violated by Germany.

Limitations of Japan 1900-1945

Machine Gun

1883

Maginot Line Mahan Theory Makinder Theory

1940 1890s 1904

Midway 1942 Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty 1939 1905 and 1911

Morocco

Areas to emigrate to (Korea/Manchuria), food resources Japan in exchange for techology, peaceful economic growth. The first modern model was the Maxim. Inflicts major carnage. Infantry rushes are obsolete, hard to destroy because of portability, required big artillery to destroy. The famed usless defenses set up by France on the Eastern border to defend against Germany. Hitler simply went through Belgium and the Netherlands to get around France the line. Top navy and in control of seas will lead to world USA dominance (Control of trade). Having control of E. Europe leads to control of more England key areas, leading to world domination. A small island west of Hawaii that was the turning point Pacific in favor of the U.S. in the Pacific theatre. The non-agression pact signed by the Soviet Union and USSR/Germany Germany before the outbreak of WWII. Germany challenged French authority. GB helped and Germany loses both times. This only heightens the threat Africa of war.

Munich Conference 1938

Europe

Neutrality Act

1935

USA

Nicholas II Office of Price Administration

1894-1917 1942

Russia USA

Operation Barbarossa 1941 Operation Overlord 6/6/1944

Axis Allies

Otto Von Bismarck 1871-1890 Passchendaele 1917

Germany Belgium

Leaders from Germany, GB, Italy, and France got together and set limits for Germany. No moving beyond the Sudetenland. This was not enforced. Stalin and the Czech leader were not invited. US Congress authorizing the president to prohibit all arms shipments to nations at war and to adivse all US citizens not to travel on belligerents' ships except at their own risk. Tsar of Russia, gave some power to Duma because of protest, didnt' want war, killed winter 1917 during Civil War. Set prices on items to control inflation, rationed scarce goods, opressive? The violation of the German-USSR non-agression pact signed before the war. In an attempt to reach the capital city quickly, Hitler did not count on the Russian winter. The mission failed. Normandy invasion (coalition forces) Chancellor of Germany under William I, specialized foreign treaties/alliances. Kept complicated diplomatic strategy. British attack, bogged down by mud and mustard gas, 1/2 million dead. The hub of US naval activity in the Pacific was bombed by Japanese aircraft. This was made possible by aircraft carriers, a new technology. 2,403 people died. Japan also attacked the Philippines, Guam, Midway, Hong Kong, and Malaya. Congress declared war one day later. Effective at first until issue of gas masks. After end of war with Germany, before Japan is defeated, Truman mentions atomic bomb (TCS) limited the number of immigrants from any nation to 3% of the population living in the US in 1890 Japanese invade Nanking, raping, killing, pillaging. Retaliation for Shanghai. 100,000-300,000 dead. Raised taxes, introduced income tax to Americans. Militarization of this area is banned by Versailles. Hitler payed no attention and began to secretly build an army. Appeasement prevented any action on the part of the allies When Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia, who has an alliance with them and who is gaining support in the Balkans, declares war on Austria Hungary and mobilizes.

Pearl Harbor Poison Gas Potsdam Quota Immigration Act Rape of Nanking Revenue Act

12/7/1941

Pacific

Jul. 1945 1924

Allies USA

12/13/1937 China/Japan 1942 USA

Rhineland

1934

Germany

Russian mobilization

1914

USSR

Schlieffen plan

1914

Germany

Secret Alliances Sir Edward Grey

before WWI Europe 1905-1916 England

Spanish Civil War

1936

Spain

Stalingrad Submarine Submarine

1942-1943

USSR

Sudetenland Tank Tehran The Manhattan Project

1938 1943

Czechoslovakia Allies

1941

USA

The Somme

1916

France

Theobold Von Bethmann-Hollweg 1909-1917

Germany

Total War

Europe

Implemented after Austria declares war, Germany begins to try to quickly defeat France through Belgium before Russia can mobilize and they will have to face two fronts of war. Failes miserably. Britain declares war to protect Belgium. Many European nations signed secret military alliances between one another in an attempt to protect themselves from agression. The result of this was that if one nation declared war on another, it would only be a matter of hours until the whole continent would be at war with one another. English Prime Minister, ambiguous figure, didn't stop war when he could have. Franco and Catholics supported by Germany and Italy vs. the republican gov't and communists supported by the USSR. The city in the USSR was never taken by the Nazis in Operation Barbarossa because of the Russian winter. It was the turning point on the eastern front in Europe in favor of the allies. The brutality of the seige makes it one of the bloodiest in world history. Sinking of many ships (cut off supplies), killing of many innocent people. covert operations, controlled Baltic Sea The area of Czechoslovakia that Germany claimed was being opressed. The Munich Conference finalized the union of it with Germany because Chamberlain believed it would prevent war. New technology, not widely used. Timetable for 2nd front in WWII (RCS) Scientists escaping Nazis and US scientists develop the atomic bomb to be used in the war. It is a race to develop the technology before Germany. British/French attack on German line at strategically unsound point, 1 million casualties, allies gain only 8 miles. Chancellor under William II, ignored negotiations orders, couldn't deal with Bismarck's complicated diplomacy. A general term involving economics, politics, civilians, demoralization, and brutal tactics to create an environment in the enemy territory that was not condusive to war.

Treaty of BrestLitovsk

1918

Treaty of Versailles 1919 Triple Alliance 1882 Triple Entente 1907

Ultimatum for Serbia 1914 US Quotas on Asian immigrants 1890s Verdun War Bonds 1916 1941-1945

War Guilt Clause War of Attrition

1919

War Production Board

1942

Weimar Republic

1919-1933

Weltpolitik William II Willy-Nicky Telegrams

1900-1914 1888-1918 1914

Wolf Packs Woodrow Wilson Yalta 1913-1921 Feb. 1945

Treaty ending Russia's involvement in WWI after the revolution in 1917. It gave Germany Poland, Azerbijan, and Balkan states, draws troops away from Western Russia, Germany Front. Treaty ending the first World War. Included a guilt clause blaming Germany and called for reparations. It Europe also returned all territories to prewar status. Europe Italy joins the Dual alliance Europe Russia joins the Double Entente. This document required Serbia to give in to ALL points in order to avert war with Austria Hungary. The one Austria-Hungary term they couldn't accept was military control by and Serbia Austria. Angered Japan - can't go to US for emigration. Racism USA, Japan prevents prosperity, blocked from citizenship. Symbolic fort, 9 months of battle, 1 million casualties. France Germans win the fort, moral victory. Bought war goods, spurred consumption when they USA expired, controlled inflation, propaganda tool In the Treaty of Versailles after WWI, Germany was blamed explicitly for the war and was therefore required Europe to pay reparations. Winning by dragging the war out to kill more people more people still alive = victory Sears and Roebuck VP headed this congressional committee. It gave opportunities to American businesses to produce war goods in exchange for generous, fixed USA profit from the gov't. The Democratic government established in Germany after WWI. It failed to provide economic solutions to Germany reparations and was widely criticized. Germany's policy of becoming a world power - through colonization, economic power, and perhaps even Germany outright war. Emporer of Germany, compensated for physical Germany deformity, military, rival England, didn't want war Each leader is trying to get the other's nation to step Russia, Germany down from war The groups of German submarines that tried to interrupt supply lines in the Atlantic in order to cut off GB. Failed Germany because of guarded convoys and radar. US President, no involvement until Zimmerman USA telegram to Mexico Spheres of influence, poland free elections, division of Allies Germany (RCS)

Red: Causes of WWII Blue: Causes of WWI Purple: World War II Europe Pink: World War II Pacific (US included unless otherwise colored) Brown: World War I

Term
A Divided Berlin

Date
1945

Nation
Germany

Description

During the Cold War, Berlin was an exit point for those in the USSR and a haven for spies. This prompted the building of the Berlin wall. A group of Cuban exiles sponsored by the US invades Cuba, USA, Cuba in a failed attempt to overthrow Castro. Fails due USSR to lack of air support. Bay of Pigs 1961 Berlin Blockade 1948 Germany 1948; an attempt by the Soviets to get America to give up their part of Berlin. Air drops of food saved many lives and preserved the sectors of Berlin. Successor to Khruschev, implemented perestrioka and glasnost - moving towards free market and free speech. USSR Negotiated SALT I and II talks. Brezhnev 1964 Breznev Doctrine 1962 USSR USSR's response to the Truman Doctrine. They will give military assistance to any nation attempting to become communist. This was directed at Latin America and Africa. Brussels Pact 1948 Europe The military alliance of European nations beginning NATO. Was it in violation of the UN? Buffer Zone USSR The idea that the Soviet Union wanted a buffer between them and Germany. They had been invaded 2 times in 20 years and had a right to protect themselves. Favors Batista, forgoes Platt Amendment rights, changes Cuba, USA tariffs to favor Cuba. Supports until 1958. Change in US-Cuban Policy 1934 Comecon (CMEA) 1949 USSR The USSR's response to the Marshall Plan. It allowed them to capitalize on E. European resources for their military expansion during the Cold War. Containment 1947-1962 USA A policy adopted by the U.S. in reference to communism. They will not fight the USSR or China, but will prevent the expansion militarily, economically, and politically. Castro leads 9,000 men into Havana. Castro becomes Cuba prime minister when he succeeds. Coup in 1959 1959 The USSR-friendly gov't is overthrown by CIAIran/USSR/US sponsored rebels. This ends USSR's hopes for a warmA water port and their investments in Iranian oil Coup in Iran 1953 Fleeing Castro, then communism and persecution. Agreement to accept 20,000/year in 1994. US allows money to be sent to relatives 1998. Cuban Exiles 1950s-Present Cuba, USA

Cuban Independence1898

Cuban Missile Crisis1962 Death of FDR 4/12/1945 Death of Stalin Dtente 1953 1962-1975

Ernesto 'Che' Guevara

Fall of Berlin Wall 1989 Famine of 1932 1932-1933

Gorbachev

1985

Guatemala

1952, 1954

Guerilla Warfare 1956-1959 Helsinki Conference1975

Spanish-American war ends, Teller Amendment dictates that US will allow Cuban autonomy, but Platt Amendment allows them to become involved at any USA, Spain time. U-2 spy plane spots Soviet missile silos in Cuba in Cuba, USA, October, spurring a crisis bringing the world close to USSR nuclear war. USA Truman becomes president by default, must attend Potsdam in FDR's place. USSR Krushchev takes power, purges end. USA and A period of easing of the tension, making cooperation in USSR many areas possible. Helps Castro, Communist, writes guide to guerilla war, Cuba, Latin killed in Latin America during a guerilla war he was America advising, the hero of Latin America and US liberals. The fall of the Berlin Wall, as the US pressured the USSR, symbolized the fall of the Soviets two years afterward and the reunification of many families and Germany friends divided by the wall. Ukraine Massive famine due to drought and economic control over crops by USSR, 6 million dead The last leader of the Soviet Union, targeted for the USSR Berlin Wall. Negotiates with George H. W. Bush. in 1952 Truman tries to overthrow Arbenz but is unsuccessful. Arbenz recieves aid from USSR and Guatemala/US Czech arms. In 1954, Carlos (CIA supported) invades A and is successful. CIA kills many Guatemalans. Castro's tactics after landing in the Sierra Maestros, Che Guevara aids and writes guide, Batista kills civilians in Cuba an attempt to find Castro's men. Europe Established disputed territory from WWII. Made possible by dtente. Russia is threatened by the use of atomic bombs so near Asia/USSR/U to their border. USA had originally asked USSR to SA invade Japan as ally but decides to use bombs instead. Hungarian students revolt, USSR invades Hungary to Europe support communist interests. US exports to Cuba when they ask for help after the Cuba, USA storm The Warsaw Pact's answer to the IMF/World Bank, USSR providing aid to the members of the Warsaw Pact.

Hiroshima/Nagasaki1945 Hungarian Revolution 1956 Hurricane Michelle 2002 International Investment Bank 1971

Iron Curtain

1946

Europe

KGB Kulaks

1917-1991 1930s

League of Nations 1918 Limited Wars

Machado Overthrown by Batista 1933 Marshall Plan 1947

Moncada Barracks 1953 Nationalization of Business 1960 NATO 1949

Nazi War Criminals 1945 New Constitution New Czechoslovakian Constitution 1976

A term given to the dividing line between communist and democratic nations, especially in Europe after WWII. Communist secret police, involved in international disputes as well as purges and trapping spies in the USSR USSR. USSR Larger farm owners; withheld grain because of cheap prices, main targets of collectivization. Result of collectivization is famine. USSR refuses to get involved. Brain child of US Europe President. Asia Korea and Vietnam were not total war for fear of nuclear destruction of the world. Cold War era wars were all limited. Batista rules through 1959 when Castro overthrows him. Characterized by corruption, gambling, prostitution, and Cuba tourism for foreigners. Europe The plan for economic assistance of postwar European nations. It was offered to all nations, even the USSR, but they refused. Cuba Failed coup led by Castro, gives revolution its name. No compensation, US cuts off diplomatic relations. Cuba United Fruit Company loses all Cuban land. Europe/USA/C Beginning with the Brussels Pact, a military alliance of anada W. Europe against any agressor, especially USSR. USA and USSR recruit war criminal scientists for development of military technology and for intelligence USSR/USA reasons. Communist party writes, declares Cuba socialist, Castro Cuba is elected president. Czechoslovaki Declares Czechoslovakia a socialist nation, under USSR a control (satellite) The establishment of this group of smaller nations that do not wish to be aligned with either the USA or the Latin America, USSR. The movement is fairly strong, but never really Africa, Asia picks up for a lasting impression. West/East Germany Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, recognizes East Germany as a nation. It is made possible by dtente.

1960

Non-Aligned Movement 1961

Ostpolitik

1972

Potsdam

Churchill, Decided to divide Korea between communist and Stalin, Truman dictatorship at the 38th parallel. Division of Germany between Allies, division of Berlin. Returned all property taken by Germany during the war; terms of surrender by Japan; Reparations at 20 billion US but never payed fully; Truman threatens to use atomic bomb USSR/Czecho A liberal movement in Czechoslovakia is put down by slovakia the Warsaw Pact forces, led by USSR. Prague Spring 1968 Recognizing the Soviet Union 1930s Roosevelt chose to recognize the nation, though they did not accept the tzar's debts after WWI. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty; limits number of nukes. Made possible by dtente. SALT I and II 1972, 1977 USA/USSR USSR/Afghani Soviets invade Afghanistan and put their own leader in stan place. Soviets Invade Afghanistan 1979 Suez Canal Crisis 1956 Egypt In 1956, Egypt (USSR) and Israel (US) went to war over the Suez canal. Eventually it was reopened under an international force. Originally diplomatic, the US stops trade after missile crisis, made permanent in 1996 after 2 planes are shot down Trade Embargo 1960-Present Cuba, USA Establishes the European Economic Community, main Europe foundation for the EU. Treaties of Rome 1957 Established European Coal and Steel Community, Europe precursor to EU. Treaty of Paris 1951 Truman Doctrine 1947 USA Truman, in a speech with the goal of getting money for Greece, declared a new policy: any nation wishing to be free (democratic) would be supported militarily by the US (against communism.) USSR refuses to get involved in Japan and open two USSR/USA fronts. This costs many American lives in order to win. War in the Pacific 1941-1945 Warm Water Port USSR A need of the USSR for a warm water port year-round for commerce. They attempt to get it in the middle east during the Cold War, but never succeed. Warsaw Pact 1955 Europe The military alliance of E. European nations in response to NATO. World Bank and USSR sees these two organizations as a way for the US IMF Established Europe to spread capitalism and western ideas. 1946 Yalta 1945 Allies Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Russan help in Japan, division of Germany, free elections in Poland, organize a United Nations Organization Orange: Aftermath of WWII; establishing Cold War tension

1945

Green: The Cold War Sky Blue: Cuba