PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY OF THE ANDES

2018-I
PICK OR PLATES SYSTEM
COLLABORATORS

DESIGN IN CONSTRUCTION
PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY OF THE ANDES

INDEX

1. GENERALITIES: .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.1. OBJECTIVE:.............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:..................................................................................................... 2
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLLABORATIVE PLATE........................................................................4
2.1. USAGE
2.2 FUNCTIONS
2.3. ADVANTAGES
3. MATERIALES .................................................................................................................................5
3.1. MATERIAL USED FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE COLLABORATIVE PLATE...........................5
4. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

4.1. SUPPORT STRUCTURE……………………………………………………………………………………………….5

4.2.PLATE INSTALLATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………6

4.2.1.PLACEMENT...............................................................................6

4.2.2.FIXATION...........................................................................................6

4.3. INSTALLATION OF CUT-OFF CONNECTORS.................................................................6

4.4.PIPE INSTALLATION.........................................................................................7

4.5. MESH REINFORCEMENT..........................................................7

4.6.CONCRETE TO USE IN THE BASE OF THE SLAB ON THE COLLABORATING PLATE………….7

4.7.GALVANIZED AND ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS……………………………………………………………………8

5. COMPOSITE STRUCTURES...........................................................................................................8
6. CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9

7.RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................9

8.ANNEXES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

ANNEXES..................................................................................................................10

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PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY OF THE ANDES

PICK SYSTEM OR COLLABORATING PLATES

1.GENERALITIES

The steel deck has a very important place in the construction of floor slabs.
all kinds of buildings thanks to the obvious attributes and advantages that it represents and that
they have involved him in the most important construction works in America and the
world in recent decades. As we will see later, it is a solution
constructive that takes advantage of the benefits of steel and concrete that act
together they surpass the performance of the parts separately. However, in
appreciation of many, despite its undeniable attributes, the steel deck is a market
still in development in Latin America, potentially reaching levels of participation
growing.

Strictly speaking, the steel deck corresponds to a horizontal mixed structure in which the
collaboration between steel elements and concrete elements provides performance
optimized structures. Their varied uses and applications allow for the resolution of
projects for industrial, residential, educational, parking buildings
and services. It is also commonly known by the name of collaborating slab or
collaborative formwork in recognition of one of its most interesting
functions.

1.1. OBJECTIVE
Perform this work in order to obtain more information and knowledge
basic necessary to know the structural functioning, the mode of use
of the collaborating plates.
1.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
The correct construction process of the collaborating slabs.
The behavior subjected to loads and the serviceability it generates
construction.

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2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLLABORATING PLATE

The characteristics of collaborating plates are defined in use, functions, and advantages.

2.1 USES
The use of the system is basically to construct any type of intermediate floor slabs and
its variations; we can list some uses currently being given to the system:
Intermediate floor slabs
Last ceilings
Platforms for docks
Slabs for bridges
Sloped concrete roofs
Structural steel construction slab

2.2 FUNCTIONS
Act as reinforcement steel, to counteract the tensile stresses generated.
at the bottom of the slab due to the applied service loads.
Serve as a formwork to receive the concrete in a fresh state and the service loads.
moment to pour the concrete.
An additional function is to act as a work platform, allowing to have a
free transit surface, to be able to carry out the necessary work on the plate
collaborative, such as the installation of pipes, drilling, assembling the reinforcement or
the temperature meshes, solder the connectors, etc.

2.3 ADVANTAGES
Lighter weight
Optimized design with concrete savings due to its geometry
Ease of transportation
Speed of assembly
Security and ease of installation
The use of formwork is not necessary.

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3. MATERIALS

3.1. MATERIAL USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE COLLABORATING PLATE

The steel used in the collaborating plate consists of cold-rolled steel sheets.
which are subjected to a galvanizing process as a protective coating and
packaged in rolls of approximately 5 tons. This steel has a stress of
minimum yield of 33 ksi or 2325 kgf/cm2with a modulus of elasticity of 2.1x106kgf/cm2.
It also complies with the ASTM A653 and ASTM A611 standards for grades C and D.
calibers or thicknesses of steel used for the formation of Steel Deck sheets,
they can be calibrated in Gages or Gauges, or as thicknesses in millimeters (mm) or in
inches (in)
The thicknesses of Steel Deck are considered only as steel thickness, that is
they do not include the thicknesses of galvanized or pre-painted that the sheets may have
formed.
The tolerance in the thickness of the sheets allows a maximum of 5%, that is, that the
design thickness tdit can have a minimum thickness, accepted for use, of 95%
td(which may be smaller at the folds).

4. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

The construction process is very simple and will vary in some details depending on
the materiality of the supporting structure. As we have mentioned, the steel deck
can use on metal beam structures or reinforced concrete beams and
even about wooden structures. It is necessary to consider and strictly respect the
structural design recommendations issued by producers and by the professional
responsible for the structural calculation of the building. The installation recommendations that are
The following are generic and in no case replace the design and
specific structural project for each project situation.

4.1. SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

The construction of a floor slab using a collaborating slab can be
to face once the base structure that will support the slab is complete and received.
The design and calculation of the main structure of the building must consider
timely use of the steel deck system in order to provide the necessary supports
to the recommended clearances by the manufacturer and the engineer that ensure the
expected behavior for the building and the slab, considering the loads
living and dead that will act upon him.

If the modulation of the plates is not specified in the plans, these must be
carry out covering the largest number of cloths possible. The usual measurements of
modulation varies up to 8.00 meters in length, being a suitable measurement.
due to the construction process - between 4.00 meters and 7.00 meters.
The limitation on the length of the sheets is often given by the means of
transport to be used, readjusting not to have very large lengths for
small orders -of total weight- because it requires the use of vehicles with
excess capacities to those required, generating a cost overrun in transportation.

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About the joints: these must be flush; in case an overlap is projected, it

it is recommended not to exceed 10.00 cm.

4.2. INSTALLATION OF THE PLATES

The panels are arranged in the area to be covered by the intermediate slab, ensuring the
recommended supports (generally 40mm) considering the installation of the system of
temporary raises or support that may be required.

4.2.1. COLOCACION
The sheet will be placed with the valleys of lesser dimension on the beams unless
unless specified otherwise in the plans.

The larger flap of the first sheet will be placed at the end of the
parallel beam to allow the larger tabs of the sheets
subsequent supports on the minors. The minimum support on transverse beams
The terminals are 4 cm long, which will be completely embedded in the slab.
Longitudinal cuts can be made with: grinding wheel with cutting stone, shears
electric or manual, with oxygen-acetylene cutting system or with any
method that does not deteriorate the geometry of the sheets. It should be placed the
temporary bracing to the light center or to the thirds if the design requires it.

4.2.2. FIXATION
This process should be carried out using fastening elements such as self-tapping screws.
perforators, stud guns or electric arc welding, and simply with nails
if the Steel-Deck sheets are supported on the wooden formwork that serve
at the same time as the beam cover.
The fastening will be done at the ends of the sheets at all support points.
having at least one fixation point every three valleys, anticipating that all the
valles de las láminas estén debidamente apoyados sobre las vigas de apoyo y las vigas
main

4.3. INSTALLATION OF CUTTING CONNECTORS

In most cases, the plate must be drilled before installing the cut connectors.
this process can be carried out using hole saw drills or some system of
Mechanical cut. The drilling should not exceed the width of the support valley of the plate.
and it will be carried out, as far as possible, on the back of the plate to prevent it from
rebates are formed in the support valley of the plate. It is not recommended to carry out the
drilling using electric arc or autogenous systems, because of the slags
generated on the beams do not allow for an adequate support surface.

Once the collaborating plate is perforated and installed, the cutting connector is installed.
directly on the supporting metal beam, by welding for the connectors
types Nelson, cane, channel C and spiral, or by means of a direct anchorage with nails
shot for type Z connectors.
The weld bead must cover the entire perimeter of the connector's support area.
the selection of thickness and type of welding is specified in the construction plans,

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In any case, the choice must be based on achieving a permanent and secure union.
between the connector and the beam.

4.4. PIPE INSTALLATION

The pipes that can go inside the slab will be those that, according to the thickness, pass through.
between the upper valleys of the collaborating plates and the upper steel of
temperature, for example if a collaborative panel type AD-900 is used with a slab
of 10 cm. a pipe of up to 1 ¼ " in diameter can be installed. The following table
it is valid for slabs that have a coating of 2.50 cm. over the mesh of
temperature. For the drainage pipes, the slope will be taken into account.
installation of the same, so it is recommended that these pass underneath the
collaborative slabs.

The light output boxes can be installed within the slab, remaining embedded.
in the concrete, or they can be installed outside by attaching them to the metallic surface of
the plate using self-tapping screws, in the external connections it is preferable
that they remain within the valleys, so that they do not stand out.

The pipe holding accessories can be fixed to the collaborating slabs.

using self-tapping screws, rivets, etc.

4.5. REINFORCEMENT MESH

The design of said reinforcement will be in accordance with chapter 7 of section 7.10.2 regarding
regarding the Reinforcement by Contraction and Temperature of the Peruvian Standards of
Structures.
The minimum covering of the temperature mesh will be 2 cm, remaining subject to
finally, to the designer's criteria.
The steel designed to withstand negative moments will pass below the mesh of
temperature and may be subject to this. The design of the temperature mesh can be
refer to the ACI standards or the Peruvian Structural Standards.

4.6. CONCRETE TO BE USED IN THE BASE OF THE SLAB ON THE PLATE

COLLABORATOR

In chapter 4 of part 3 concerning the quality of concrete (Mix design,

provision of materials, sampling, conducting tests and care
special according to special conditions of manufacturing and exposure of concrete
and in chapter 5 of Part 3 regarding the preparation and treatment process of the
concrete on site.

Regarding the 'Standard Specifications for Concrete Aggregates' we

we will refer to the ASTM C33 standards in Volume O4.02 Concrete and Aggregates. Let it be
If we use concrete with a lower specific weight, we will then refer to the standard.

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ASTM C330 "Standard Specifications for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Production"
Structural Concrete.

The concrete to be used must have a minimum compressive strength at 28 days.

210 kgf/cm2for being slabs, considered for design as structural elements.
Concrete with strengths greater than 580 kgf/cm will not be taken into account.2.

The vibrating process of the concrete will be carried out mandatorily to ensure this
mechanical adhesion between steel and concrete, and to achieve the uniformity of the concrete.
The curing of the concrete will be carried out for at least 7 days after pouring.
additives containing hydrochloric salts will be used in their composition because they can
to produce corrosive effects on the steel plate.

4.7. GALVANIZED AND ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS

We must consider that there will be two possible cases of corrosion of the steel sheet.
from the Steel-Deck, the first will be for the surface that will receive the concrete or surface
superior, the second will be the exposed surface or lower surface.
The steel coils used comply with ASTM A-653/A-653M standards and the standards
A-611 grade C, which indicates that there is galvanizing coating on both
faces of the sheet.

The types of galvanization currently used for these types of sheets are G30.
(low corrosion resistance), G60 (medium corrosion resistance) and G90
(high corrosion resistance).

For cases of highly corrosive environments, it is suggested to use steel sheets.

with a minimum galvanization of G90 complemented by some type of high-quality paint
corrosion resistance.

Among the paints that stand out the most for painting this type of sheets, we have the resins.
Vinyls or Vinyl Printers, Polyamide Epoxy Resins, Epoxy Resins with
Brea (Coaltar), etc.
These are high weather resistance paints and should be chosen according to their use.
You or economy. The thickness of paints is measured in mils (1 mil = 1 thousandth of an inch).
These types of products, being hydrophobic, have painting recommendations issues.
Protection: paints Adhesion construction system if there is the presence of moisture.
so the painting conditions must be optimal; normally each manufacturer or
The paint distributor will give their recommendations for painting.

5. COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

When we use steel profile beams to support certain loads, we

We must analyze the element so that it can take the tensile and compressive stresses. If
we analyze the case of a simply supported beam, we note that the section will be more
forced in the center of the light for a uniform load condition. In that section,
tensile efforts will be created at the bottom of the profile and compression efforts in
the upper part that the beam will have to absorb.

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The idea of generating the composite section is to take a specific section of

concrete slab the compressive stresses, since this material behaves well
for this purpose, and the steel profile so that it can take the tensile stresses.

It will be considered that if the beam at the time of construction (erection of the beam and the
the slab) is not shored, it must be able to withstand all loads
construction (dead weight and mounting effect) as well as the allowable deformations; and
only after the concrete has reached at least 75% of f'c, the section
compuesta será capaz de resistir las cargas vivas adicionales.

6. CONCLUSIONS
He learned everything about the functions and importance of a board.
collaborator within a building.
Everything related to the construction process of a collaborative slab was learned.
The types of collaborating plates and the parts that make them up were known.

7. RECOMMENDATIONS
Do not mix with chemical or corrosive products.
Do not leave loads on them that may cause deformations.
Do not concentrate fresh concrete at a single point.
Pour the concrete evenly over the entire slab
The cross joint of plates must be on the beams.
When cuts need to be made on the plates, be cautious to clean.
shavings or any material that dirties its surface, as it will later affect
the adhesion of the concrete to the plate.

8. ANNEXES

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