FIRE FIGHTING

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 FIRE FIGHTING
Explanation:
Firefighting is the act of attempting to prevent the
spread of and extinguish significant of
unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands,
etc. A firefighter fights these fires and prevents
destruction of Life, Property and the Environment.

Fires can be extinguished by Water, Fuel or Oxidant

removal or Chemical flame inhibition. Firefighting is
the act of extinguishing destructive fires.

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 FIRE FIGHTING
Explanation:
During war when enemy intentionally bombards
important places, the damage is likely to be much
more. Thereafter it is duty of every citizen to
undergo training of Fire extinguishing. Hence
everyone should be prepared to fight this evil
through training.

Firefighting is a highly technical profession which

requires years of training and education to become
proficient in.
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 FIRE FIGHTING
Three things are needed to
cause FIRE
(Necessary Elementary of Fire)
1) FUEL :
Combustible material –
Solid/Liquid/Gas
2) HEAT :
Sufficient Heat to raise the
temperature of the fuel to
its burning point.
3) AIR : Oxygen (O2)
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 FIRE FIGHTING
TYPES OF FIRE
1) Class ‘A’ Fire :
It is also called ordinary fire
i.e. wood and clothes
2) Class ‘B’ Fire :
Highly combustible material like
Kerosene/Oil/Petrol/ Diesel/Gas.
3) Class ‘C’ Fire :
When in addition to the ordinary
fire, the electricity is also
involved as a cause of fire, it is
known as class ‘C’ fire.
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 FIRE FIGHTING
TYPES OF FIRE
also called as
1) Solid Fire :
Eg: Wood & Paper.
2) Liquid Fire :
Eg: Kerosene / Oil
/Petrol/ Diesel.
3) Gas Fire :
Eg: Due to leakage
of Gas.

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 MODES OF SPREAD OF FIRE
The Fire can spread by following ways:
1) Conduction: Transfer of heat by the intermediary material.
Many materials which do not burn easily. Particularly metals
are good conductors for transmitting heat. These materials
when heated by the fire may ignite other combustible
material in contact.
2) Convection: Transfer of heat through gases or smoke. Gases
tend to rise until ceiling or roof is reached after which they
spread sideways and ignite combustible materials located at
higher levels.
3) Radiation: Transfer of heat from the source of fire, without
heating the midway media. Eg: Air. The effect of radiation can
be controlled by water curtain between the fire & the object.
4) Direct Burning: It is often due to a combination of the above
2 or more factors – Conduction, Convention & radiation. 7
 FIRE EXTINCTION
The Fire can be extinguished by:
1) Starvation:
It is removal of unburnt combustible materials
from the scene of fire.
2) Cooling:
It is the removal of heat to lower the
temperature of burning material to a point
below its ignition point. This is usually achieved
by pouring water over a burning point.
3) Smothering:
It means restricting the supply of Oxygen (Air)
to the burning material. This is achieved by
sealing all the burning material from Oxygen
(Air) by covering the fire with Sand, Dry earth ,
Foam etc. 8
 FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
Types:
1) Major Fire Fighting Equipment:
Fire Brigade, Trawlers, Fire
pumps, house winding machine

2) Minor Fire Fighting Equipment:

Stirrup pumps, Water buckets,
Sand buckets, readymade
chemical extinguishers, axes,
pickaxe, shovels, spades,
crowbars, fire hooks, rakes and
ladders.
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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

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 FIRE FIGHTING PARTIES
Fire Fighting Party (House) :
It consists of 4 persons who carry stirrup pumps
and water buckets. They act as fire watchers and
work under the order of the wardens. They carry
one stirrup pump, two buckets, one torch and
one hand axe, one steel helmet and one whistle
per member is used as personal equipment.

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 FIRE FIGHTING PARTIES
Four types of Fire Fighting parties are:
1] Fire Picket Party:
The main function of this party is to surround fire
place and carry out security duties.
2] Fire Fighting Party:
The main function of this party is to extinguish fire.
These persons carry with them the fire fighting
equipment and fight the fire.
3] Reserve Party:
When necessary this party support to above parties.
4] Fire Salvage (Rescue) Party:
The party made to rescue work. The main function of
this party is to remove matter which is surrounded
by fire.
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 Types of fire extinguisher classes & safety tips
There are 4 classes of fire
extinguishers : A, B, C and D – and
each class can put out a different type
of fire.
• Class A extinguishers will put out fires
in ordinary combustibles such as
wood and paper
• Class B extinguishers are for use on
flammable liquids like grease, gasoline
and oil
• Class C extinguishers are suitable for
use only on electrically energized fires
• Class D extinguishers are designed for
use on flammable metals
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 Different Types of 5 Fire Extinguishers
There are 5 main fire extinguisher types – Water,
Foam, Dry Powder, CO2 and Wet Chemical.
Different Types of Fire Extinguisher
• WATER. Water fire extinguishers have a class A rating
and are suitable for fighting fires involving solid
combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles. ...
• AFFF FOAM. ...
• CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ...
• ABC POWDER. ...
• WATER MIST. ...
• WET CHEMICAL.

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Learning how to use your fire extinguisher
Typically, fire extinguishers are fairly
easy to use in the case of a fire. Most
of the types operate using the P.A.S.S.
technique:.
• P. Pull the pin on the fire
extinguisher in order to break the
tamper seal.
• A. Aim the fire extinguisher low, with
the nozzle pointed at the base of the
fire.
• S. Squeeze the handle of the fire
extinguisher to release the
extinguishing agent.
• S. Sweep the nozzle from side to side
while pointed at the base of the fire
until it is extinguished.
• If the fire re-ignites, repeat the last 3 steps. 16
Be prepared for a fire emergency
• Check the location of fire alarms and know
how they work.
• Learn your building evacuation plan.
• Know where your two nearest exits are
located. Learn how doors swing and where
stairs lead.
• Make sure nothing blocks fire pulls,
extinguishers and emergency exits.
• Learn the sound of your building fire alarm.
• Post emergency numbers (including security
and first aid) near your telephone.
• Make sure you know what to do if the fire
alarm sounds. Plan your escape.
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Things to be remembered at the time of protection
• Silence
• Recce (reconnaissance -
Behugarike) the place before
action
• While carrying out recce be with
walls
• Work in pair
• Put on iron Helmet
• Do not touch electric wires
• Be away from debris
• Recce from top to bottom

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