The Civil Code of the Philippines CHAPTER I EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS Art. 1. This A t sh!

ll "e #no$n !s the %Civil Code of the Philippines.% &n' Art. (. L!$s sh!ll t!#e effe t !fter fifteen d!)s follo$in* the o+pletion of their p,"li !tion in the Offi i!l -!.ette/ ,nless it is other$ise provided. This Code sh!ll t!#e effe t one )e!r !fter s, h p,"li !tion. &1!' Art. 0. I*nor!n e of the l!$ e1 ,ses no one fro+ o+pli!n e there$ith. &(' Art. 2. L!$s sh!ll h!ve no retro! tive effe t/ ,nless the ontr!r) is provided. &0' Art. 3. A ts e1e ,ted !*!inst the provisions of +!nd!tor) or prohi"itor) l!$s sh!ll "e void/ e1 ept $hen the l!$ itself !,thori.es their v!lidit). &2!' Art. 4. Ri*hts +!) "e $!ived/ ,nless the $!iver is ontr!r) to l!$/ p,"li order/ p,"li poli )/ +or!ls/ or *ood ,sto+s/ or pre5,di i!l to ! third person $ith ! ri*ht re o*ni.ed ") l!$. &2!' Art. 6. L!$s !re repe!led onl) ") s,"se7,ent ones/ !nd their viol!tion or non8o"serv!n e sh!ll not "e e1 ,sed ") dis,se/ or ,sto+ or pr! ti e to the ontr!r). When the o,rts de l!red ! l!$ to "e in onsistent $ith the Constit,tion/ the for+er sh!ll "e void !nd the l!tter sh!ll *overn. Ad+inistr!tive or e1e ,tive ! ts/ orders !nd re*,l!tions sh!ll "e v!lid onl) $hen the) !re not ontr!r) to the l!$s or the Constit,tion. &3!' Art. 9. :,di i!l de isions !ppl)in* or interpretin* the l!$s or the Constit,tion sh!ll for+ ! p!rt of the le*!l s)ste+ of the Philippines. &n' Art. ;. No 5,d*e or o,rt sh!ll de line to render 5,d*+ent ") re!son of the silen e/ o"s ,rit) or ins,ffi ien ) of the l!$s. &4' Art. 1<. In !se of do,"t in the interpret!tion or !ppli !tion of l!$s/ it is pres,+ed th!t the l!$+!#in* "od) intended ri*ht !nd 5,sti e to prev!il. &n' Art. 11. C,sto+s $hi h !re ontr!r) to l!$/ p,"li order or p,"li poli ) sh!ll not "e o,nten!n ed. &n' Art. 1(. A ,sto+ +,st "e proved !s ! f! t/ ! ordin* to the r,les of eviden e. &n' Art. 10. When the l!$s spe!# of )e!rs/ +onths/ d!)s or ni*hts/ it sh!ll "e ,nderstood th!t )e!rs !re of three h,ndred si1t)8five d!)s e! h= +onths/ of thirt) d!)s= d!)s/ of t$ent)8fo,r ho,rs= !nd ni*hts fro+ s,nset to s,nrise. If +onths !re desi*n!ted ") their n!+e/ the) sh!ll "e o+p,ted ") the n,+"er of d!)s $hi h the) respe tivel) h!ve. In o+p,tin* ! period/ the first d!) sh!ll "e e1 l,ded/ !nd the l!st d!) in l,ded. &6!' Art. 12. Pen!l l!$s !nd those of p,"li se ,rit) !nd s!fet) sh!ll "e o"li*!tor) ,pon !ll $ho live or so5o,rn in the Philippine territor)/ s,"5e t to the prin iples of p,"li intern!tion!l l!$ !nd to tre!t) stip,l!tions. &9!' Art. 13. L!$s rel!tin* to f!+il) ri*hts !nd d,ties/ or to the st!t,s/ ondition !nd le*!l !p! it) of persons !re "indin* ,pon iti.ens of the Philippines/ even tho,*h livin* !"ro!d. &;!' Art. 14. Re!l propert) !s $ell !s person!l propert) is s,"5e t to the l!$ of the o,ntr) $here it is stip,l!ted. Ho$ever/ intest!te !nd test!+ent!r) s, essions/ "oth $ith respe t to the order of

s, ession !nd to the !+o,nt of s, ession!l ri*hts !nd to the intrinsi v!lidit) of test!+ent!r) provisions/ sh!ll "e re*,l!ted ") the n!tion!l l!$ of the person $hose s, ession is ,nder onsider!tion/ $h!tever +!) "e the n!t,re of the propert) !nd re*!rdless of the o,ntr) $herein s!id propert) +!) "e fo,nd. &1<!' Art. 16. The for+s !nd sole+nities of ontr! ts/ $ills/ !nd other p,"li instr,+ents sh!ll "e *overned ") the l!$s of the o,ntr) in $hi h the) !re e1e ,ted. When the ! ts referred to !re e1e ,ted "efore the diplo+!ti or ons,l!r offi i!ls of the Rep,"li of the Philippines in ! forei*n o,ntr)/ the sole+nities est!"lished ") Philippine l!$s sh!ll "e o"served in their e1e ,tion. Prohi"itive l!$s on ernin* persons/ their ! ts or propert)/ !nd those $hi h h!ve/ for their o"5e t/ p,"li order/ p,"li poli ) !nd *ood ,sto+s sh!ll not "e rendered ineffe tive ") l!$s or 5,d*+ents pro+,l*!ted/ or ") deter+in!tions or onventions !*reed ,pon in ! forei*n o,ntr). &11!' Art. 19. In +!tters $hi h !re *overned ") the Code of Co++er e !nd spe i!l l!$s/ their defi ien ) sh!ll "e s,pplied ") the provisions of this Code. &14!' CHAPTER ( H>?AN RELATIONS Art. 1;. Ever) person +,st/ in the e1er ise of his ri*hts !nd in the perfor+!n e of his d,ties/ ! t $ith 5,sti e/ *ive ever)one his d,e/ !nd o"serve honest) !nd *ood f!ith. Art. (<. Ever) person $ho/ ontr!r) to l!$/ $ilf,ll) or ne*li*entl) !,ses d!+!*e to !nother/ sh!ll inde+nif) the l!tter for the s!+e. Art. (1. An) person $ho $ilf,ll) !,ses loss or in5,r) to !nother in ! +!nner th!t is ontr!r) to +or!ls/ *ood ,sto+s or p,"li poli ) sh!ll o+pens!te the l!tter for the d!+!*e. Art. ((. Ever) person $ho thro,*h !n ! t of perfor+!n e ") !nother/ or !n) other +e!ns/ ! 7,ires or o+es into possession of so+ethin* !t the e1pense of the l!tter $itho,t 5,st or le*!l *ro,nd/ sh!ll ret,rn the s!+e to hi+. Art. (0. Even $hen !n ! t or event !,sin* d!+!*e to !nother@s propert) $!s not d,e to the f!,lt or ne*li*en e of the defend!nt/ the l!tter sh!ll "e li!"le for inde+nit) if thro,*h the ! t or event he $!s "enefited. Art. (2. In !ll ontr! t,!l/ propert) or other rel!tions/ $hen one of the p!rties is !t ! dis!dv!nt!*e on ! o,nt of his +or!l dependen e/ i*nor!n e/ indi*en e/ +ent!l $e!#ness/ tender !*e or other h!ndi !p/ the o,rts +,st "e vi*il!nt for his prote tion. Art. (3. Tho,*htless e1tr!v!*!n e in e1penses for ple!s,re or displ!) d,rin* ! period of ! ,te p,"li $!nt or e+er*en ) +!) "e stopped ") order of the o,rts !t the inst!n e of !n) *overn+ent or priv!te h!rit!"le instit,tion. Art. (4. Ever) person sh!ll respe t the di*nit)/ person!lit)/ priv! ) !nd pe! e of +ind of his nei*h"ors !nd other persons. The follo$in* !nd si+il!r ! ts/ tho,*h the) +!) not onstit,te ! ri+in!l offense/ sh!ll prod, e ! !,se of ! tion for d!+!*es/ prevention !nd other reliefA &1' Pr)in* into the priv! ) of !nother@s residen eA &(' ?eddlin* $ith or dist,r"in* the priv!te life or f!+il) rel!tions of !nother= &0' Intri*,in* to !,se !nother to "e !lien!ted fro+ his friends= &2' Be1in* or h,+ili!tin* !nother on ! o,nt of his reli*io,s "eliefs/ lo$l) st!tion in life/ pl! e of "irth/ ph)si !l defe t/ or other person!l ondition.

Art. (6. An) person s,fferin* +!teri!l or +or!l loss "e !,se ! p,"li serv!nt or e+plo)ee ref,ses or ne*le ts/ $itho,t 5,st !,se/ to perfor+ his offi i!l d,t) +!) file !n ! tion for d!+!*es !nd other relief !*!inst he l!tter/ $itho,t pre5,di e to !n) dis iplin!r) !d+inistr!tive ! tion th!t +!) "e t!#en. Art. (9. >nf!ir o+petition in !*ri ,lt,r!l/ o++er i!l or ind,stri!l enterprises or in l!"or thro,*h the ,se of for e/ inti+id!tion/ de eit/ +! hin!tion or !n) other ,n5,st/ oppressive or hi*hh!nded +ethod sh!ll *ive rise to ! ri*ht of ! tion ") the person $ho there") s,ffers d!+!*e. Art. (;. When the ! ,sed in ! ri+in!l prose ,tion is ! 7,itted on the *ro,nd th!t his *,ilt h!s not "een proved "e)ond re!son!"le do,"t/ ! ivil ! tion for d!+!*es for the s!+e ! t or o+ission +!) "e instit,ted. S, h ! tion re7,ires onl) ! preponder!n e of eviden e. >pon +otion of the defend!nt/ the o,rt +!) re7,ire the pl!intiff to file ! "ond to !ns$er for d!+!*es in !se the o+pl!int sho,ld "e fo,nd to "e +!li io,s. If in ! ri+in!l !se the 5,d*+ent of ! 7,itt!l is "!sed ,pon re!son!"le do,"t/ the o,rt sh!ll so de l!re. In the !"sen e of !n) de l!r!tion to th!t effe t/ it +!) "e inferred fro+ the te1t of the de ision $hether or not the ! 7,itt!l is d,e to th!t *ro,nd. Art. 0<. When ! sep!r!te ivil ! tion is "ro,*ht to de+!nd ivil li!"ilit) !risin* fro+ ! ri+in!l offense/ !nd no ri+in!l pro eedin*s !re instit,ted d,rin* the penden ) of the ivil !se/ ! preponder!n e of eviden e sh!ll li#e$ise "e s,ffi ient to prove the ! t o+pl!ined of. Art. 01. When the ivil ! tion is "!sed on !n o"li*!tion not !risin* fro+ the ! t or o+ission o+pl!ined of !s ! felon)/ s, h ivil ! tion +!) pro eed independentl) of the ri+in!l pro eedin*s !nd re*!rdless of the res,lt of the l!tter. Art. 0(. An) p,"li offi er or e+plo)ee/ or !n) priv!te individ,!l/ $ho dire tl) or indire tl) o"str, ts/ defe!ts/ viol!tes or in !n) +!nner i+pedes or i+p!irs !n) of the follo$in* ri*hts !nd li"erties of !nother person sh!ll "e li!"le to the l!tter for d!+!*esA &1' Freedo+ of reli*ion= &(' Freedo+ of spee h= &0' Freedo+ to $rite for the press or to +!int!in ! periodi !l p,"li !tion= &2' Freedo+ fro+ !r"itr!r) or ille*!l detention= &3' Freedo+ of s,ffr!*e= &4' The ri*ht !*!inst depriv!tion of propert) $itho,t d,e pro ess of l!$= &6' The ri*ht to ! 5,st o+pens!tion $hen priv!te propert) is t!#en for p,"li ,se= &9' The ri*ht to the e7,!l prote tion of the l!$s= &;' The ri*ht to "e se ,re in one@s person/ ho,se/ p!pers/ !nd effe ts !*!inst ,nre!son!"le se!r hes !nd sei.,res= &1<' The li"ert) of !"ode !nd of h!n*in* the s!+e= &11' The priv! ) of o++,ni !tion !nd orresponden e= &1(' The ri*ht to "e o+e ! +e+"er of !sso i!tions or so ieties for p,rposes not ontr!r) to l!$= &10' The ri*ht to t!#e p!rt in ! pe! e!"le !sse+"l) to petition the *overn+ent for redress of *riev!n es= &12' The ri*ht to "e free fro+ invol,nt!r) servit,de in !n) for+= &13' The ri*ht of the ! ,sed !*!inst e1 essive "!il=

&14' The ri*ht of the ! ,sed to "e he!rd ") hi+self !nd o,nsel/ to "e infor+ed of the n!t,re !nd !,se of the ! ,s!tion !*!inst hi+/ to h!ve ! speed) !nd p,"li tri!l/ to +eet the $itnesses f! e to f! e/ !nd to h!ve o+p,lsor) pro ess to se ,re the !ttend!n e of $itness in his "eh!lf= &16' Freedo+ fro+ "ein* o+pelled to "e ! $itness !*!inst one@s self/ or fro+ "ein* for ed to onfess *,ilt/ or fro+ "ein* ind, ed ") ! pro+ise of i++,nit) or re$!rd to +!#e s, h onfession/ e1 ept $hen the person onfessin* "e o+es ! St!te $itness= &19' Freedo+ fro+ e1 essive fines/ or r,el !nd ,n,s,!l p,nish+ent/ ,nless the s!+e is i+posed or infli ted in ! ord!n e $ith ! st!t,te $hi h h!s not "een 5,di i!ll) de l!red ,n onstit,tion!l= !nd &1;' Freedo+ of ! ess to the o,rts. In !n) of the !ses referred to in this !rti le/ $hether or not the defend!nt@s ! t or o+ission onstit,tes ! ri+in!l offense/ the !**rieved p!rt) h!s ! ri*ht to o++en e !n entirel) sep!r!te !nd distin t ivil ! tion for d!+!*es/ !nd for other relief. S, h ivil ! tion sh!ll pro eed independentl) of !n) ri+in!l prose ,tion &if the l!tter "e instit,ted'/ !nd +!t "e proved ") ! preponder!n e of eviden e. The inde+nit) sh!ll in l,de +or!l d!+!*es. E1e+pl!r) d!+!*es +!) !lso "e !d5,di !ted. The responsi"ilit) herein set forth is not de+!nd!"le fro+ ! 5,d*e ,nless his ! t or o+ission onstit,tes ! viol!tion of the Pen!l Code or other pen!l st!t,te. Art. 00. In !ses of def!+!tion/ fr!,d/ !nd ph)si !l in5,ries ! ivil ! tion for d!+!*es/ entirel) sep!r!te !nd distin t fro+ the ri+in!l ! tion/ +!) "e "ro,*ht ") the in5,red p!rt). S, h ivil ! tion sh!ll pro eed independentl) of the ri+in!l prose ,tion/ !nd sh!ll re7,ire onl) ! preponder!n e of eviden e. Art. 02. When ! +e+"er of ! it) or +,ni ip!l poli e for e ref,ses or f!ils to render !id or prote tion to !n) person in !se of d!n*er to life or propert)/ s, h pe! e offi er sh!ll "e pri+!ril) li!"le for d!+!*es/ !nd the it) or +,ni ip!lit) sh!ll "e s,"sidi!ril) responsi"le therefor. The ivil ! tion herein re o*ni.ed sh!ll "e independent of !n) ri+in!l pro eedin*s/ !nd ! preponder!n e of eviden e sh!ll s,ffi e to s,pport s, h ! tion. Art. 03. When ! person/ l!i+in* to "e in5,red ") ! ri+in!l offense/ h!r*es !nother $ith the s!+e/ for $hi h no independent ivil ! tion is *r!nted in this Code or !n) spe i!l l!$/ ",t the 5,sti e of the pe! e finds no re!son!"le *ro,nds to "elieve th!t ! ri+e h!s "een o++itted/ or the prose ,tin* !ttorne) ref,ses or f!ils to instit,te ri+in!l pro eedin*s/ the o+pl!int +!) "rin* ! ivil ! tion for d!+!*es !*!inst the !lle*ed offender. S, h ivil ! tion +!) "e s,pported ") ! preponder!n e of eviden e. >pon the defend!nt@s +otion/ the o,rt +!) re7,ire the pl!intiff to file ! "ond to inde+nif) the defend!nt in !se the o+pl!int sho,ld "e fo,nd to "e +!li io,s. If d,rin* the penden ) of the ivil ! tion/ !n infor+!tion sho,ld "e presented ") the prose ,tin* !ttorne)/ the ivil ! tion sh!ll "e s,spended ,ntil the ter+in!tion of the ri+in!l pro eedin*s. Art. 04. Pre85,di i!l 7,estions $hi h +,st "e de ided "efore !n) ri+in!l prose ,tion +!) "e instit,ted or +!) pro eed/ sh!ll "e *overned ") r,les of o,rt $hi h the S,pre+e Co,rt sh!ll pro+,l*!te !nd $hi h sh!ll not "e in onfli t $ith the provisions of this Code.

COOD I PERSONS Title I. 8 CIBIL PERSONALITE CHAPTER 1 -ENERAL PROBISIONS Art. 06. :,ridi !l !p! it)/ $hi h is the fitness to "e the s,"5e t of le*!l rel!tions/ is inherent in ever) n!t,r!l person !nd is lost onl) thro,*h de!th. C!p! it) to ! t/ $hi h is the po$er to do ! ts $ith le*!l effe t/ is ! 7,ired !nd +!) "e lost. &n' Art. 09. ?inorit)/ ins!nit) or i+"e ilit)/ the st!te of "ein* ! de!f8+,te/ prodi*!lit) !nd ivil interdi tion !re +ere restri tions on !p! it) to ! t/ !nd do not e1e+pt the in !p! it!ted person fro+ ert!in o"li*!tions/ !s $hen the l!tter !rise fro+ his ! ts or fro+ propert) rel!tions/ s, h !s e!se+ents. &0(!' Art. 0;. The follo$in* ir ,+st!n es/ !+on* others/ +odif) or li+it !p! it) to ! tA !*e/ ins!nit)/ i+"e ilit)/ the st!te of "ein* ! de!f8+,te/ pen!lt)/ prodi*!lit)/ f!+il) rel!tions/ !lien!*e/ !"sen e/ insolven ) !nd tr,steeship. The onse7,en es of these ir ,+st!n es !re *overned in this Code/ other odes/ the R,les of Co,rt/ !nd in spe i!l l!$s. C!p! it) to ! t is not li+ited on ! o,nt of reli*io,s "elief or politi !l opinion. A +!rried $o+!n/ t$ent)8one )e!rs of !*e or over/ is 7,!lified for !ll ! ts of ivil life/ e1 ept in !ses spe ified ") l!$. &n' CHAPTER ( NAT>RAL PERSONS Art. 2<. Cirth deter+ines person!lit)= ",t the on eived hild sh!ll "e onsidered "orn for !ll p,rposes th!t !re f!vor!"le to it/ provided it "e "orn l!ter $ith the onditions spe ified in the follo$in* !rti le. &(;!' Art. 21. For ivil p,rposes/ the fet,s is onsidered "orn if it is !live !t the ti+e it is o+pletel) delivered fro+ the +other@s $o+". Ho$ever/ if the fet,s h!d !n intr!8,terine life of less th!n seven +onths/ it is not dee+ed "orn if it dies $ithin t$ent)8fo,r ho,rs !fter its o+plete deliver) fro+ the +!tern!l $o+". &0<!' Art. 2(. Civil person!lit) is e1tin*,ished ") de!th. The effe t of de!th ,pon the ri*hts !nd o"li*!tions of the de e!sed is deter+ined ") l!$/ ") ontr! t !nd ") $ill. &0(!' Art. 20. If there is ! do,"t/ !s "et$een t$o or +ore persons $ho !re !lled to s, eed e! h other/ !s to $hi h of the+ died first/ $hoever !lle*es the de!th of one prior to the other/ sh!ll prove the s!+e= in the !"sen e of proof/ it is pres,+ed th!t the) died !t the s!+e ti+e !nd there sh!ll "e no tr!ns+ission of ri*hts fro+ one to the other. &00' CHAPTER 0 :>RIDICAL PERSONS Art. 22. The follo$in* !re 5,ridi !l personsA &1' The St!te !nd its politi !l s,"divisions= &(' Other orpor!tions/ instit,tions !nd entities for p,"li interest or p,rpose/ re!ted ") l!$= their person!lit) "e*ins !s soon !s the) h!ve "een onstit,ted ! ordin* to l!$= &0' Corpor!tions/ p!rtnerships !nd !sso i!tions for priv!te interest or p,rpose to $hi h the l!$ *r!nts ! 5,ridi !l person!lit)/ sep!r!te !nd distin t fro+ th!t of e! h sh!reholder/ p!rtner or +e+"er. &03!' Art. 23. :,ridi !l persons +entioned in Nos. 1 !nd ( of the pre edin* !rti le !re *overned ") the l!$s re!tin* or re o*ni.in* the+.

Priv!te orpor!tions !re re*,l!ted ") l!$s of *ener!l !ppli !tion on the s,"5e t. P!rtnerships !nd !sso i!tions for priv!te interest or p,rpose !re *overned ") the provisions of this Code on ernin* p!rtnerships. &04 !nd 06!' Art. 24. :,ridi !l persons +!) ! 7,ire !nd possess propert) of !ll #inds/ !s $ell !s in ,r o"li*!tions !nd "rin* ivil or ri+in!l ! tions/ in onfor+it) $ith the l!$s !nd re*,l!tions of their or*!ni.!tion. &09!' Art. 26. >pon the dissol,tion of orpor!tions/ instit,tions !nd other entities for p,"li interest or p,rpose +entioned in No. ( of Arti le 22/ their propert) !nd other !ssets sh!ll "e disposed of in p,rs,!n e of l!$ or the h!rter re!tin* the+. If nothin* h!s "een spe ified on this point/ the propert) !nd other !ssets sh!ll "e !pplied to si+il!r p,rposes for the "enefit of the re*ion/ provin e/ it) or +,ni ip!lit) $hi h d,rin* the e1isten e of the instit,tion derived the prin ip!l "enefits fro+ the s!+e. &0;!' Title II. 8 CITIFENSHIP AND DO?ICILE Art. 29. The follo$in* !re iti.ens of the PhilippinesA &1' Those $ho $ere iti.ens of the Philippines !t the ti+e of the !doption of the Constit,tion of the Philippines= &(' Those "orn in the Philippines of forei*n p!rents $ho/ "efore the !doption of s!id Constit,tion/ h!d "een ele ted to p,"li offi e in the Philippines= &0' Those $hose f!thers !re iti.ens of the Philippines= &2' Those $hose +others !re iti.ens of the Philippines !nd/ ,pon re! hin* the !*e of +!5orit)/ ele t Philippine iti.enship= &3' Those $ho !re n!t,r!li.ed in ! ord!n e $ith l!$. &n' Art. 2;. N!t,r!li.!tion !nd the loss !nd re! 7,isition of iti.enship of the Philippines !re *overned ") spe i!l l!$s. &n' Art. 3<. For the e1er ise of ivil ri*hts !nd the f,lfill+ent of ivil o"li*!tions/ the do+i ile of n!t,r!l persons is the pl! e of their h!"it,!l residen e. &2<!' Art. 31. When the l!$ re!tin* or re o*ni.in* the+/ or !n) other provision does not fi1 the do+i ile of 5,ridi !l persons/ the s!+e sh!ll "e ,nderstood to "e the pl! e $here their le*!l represent!tion is est!"lished or $here the) e1er ise their prin ip!l f,n tions. &21!'

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209 THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES July 6, 19 ! TITLE I MARRIAGE Chapter 1. Requisites of Marriage Arti le 1. ?!rri!*e is ! spe i!l ontr! t of per+!nent ,nion "et$een ! +!n !nd ! $o+!n entered into in ! ord!n e $ith l!$ for the est!"lish+ent of on5,*!l !nd f!+il) life. It is the fo,nd!tion of the f!+il) !nd !n inviol!"le so i!l instit,tion $hose n!t,re/ onse7,en es/ !nd in idents !re *overned ") l!$ !nd not s,"5e t to stip,l!tion/ e1 ept th!t +!rri!*e settle+ents +!) fi1 the propert) rel!tions d,rin* the +!rri!*e $ithin the li+its provided ") this Code. &3(!' Art. (. No +!rri!*e sh!ll "e v!lid/ ,nless these essenti!l re7,isites !re presentA &1' Le*!l !p! it) of the ontr! tin* p!rties $ho +,st "e ! +!le !nd ! fe+!le= !nd &(' Consent freel) *iven in the presen e of the sole+ni.in* offi er. &30!' Art. 0. The for+!l re7,isites of +!rri!*e !reA &1' A,thorit) of the sole+ni.in* offi er= &(' A v!lid +!rri!*e li ense e1 ept in the !ses provided for in Ch!pter ( of this Title= !nd &0' A +!rri!*e ere+on) $hi h t!#es pl! e $ith the !ppe!r!n e of the ontr! tin* p!rties "efore the sole+ni.in* offi er !nd their person!l de l!r!tion th!t the) t!#e e! h other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife in the presen e of not less th!n t$o $itnesses of le*!l !*e. &30!/ 33!' Art. 2. The !"sen e of !n) of the essenti!l or for+!l re7,isites sh!ll render the +!rri!*e void !" initio/ e1 ept !s st!ted in Arti le 03 &('. A defe t in !n) of the essenti!l re7,isites sh!ll not !ffe t the v!lidit) of the +!rri!*e ",t the p!rt) or p!rties responsi"le for the irre*,l!rit) sh!ll "e ivill)/ ri+in!ll) !nd !d+inistr!tivel) li!"le. &n' Art. 3. An) +!le or fe+!le of the !*e of ei*hteen )e!rs or ,p$!rds not ,nder !n) of the i+pedi+ents +entioned in Arti les 06 !nd 09/ +!) ontr! t +!rri!*e. &32!' Art. 4. No pres ri"ed for+ or reli*io,s rite for the sole+ni.!tion of the +!rri!*e is re7,ired. It sh!ll "e ne ess!r)/ ho$ever/ for the ontr! tin* p!rties to !ppe!r person!ll) "efore the sole+ni.in* offi er !nd de l!re in the presen e of not less th!n t$o $itnesses of le*!l !*e th!t the) t!#e e! h other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife. This de l!r!tion sh!ll "e ont!ined in the +!rri!*e ertifi !te $hi h sh!ll "e si*ned ") the ontr! tin* p!rties !nd their $itnesses !nd !ttested ") the sole+ni.in* offi er. In !se of ! +!rri!*e in !rti ,lo +ortis/ $hen the p!rt) !t the point of de!th is ,n!"le to si*n the +!rri!*e ertifi !te/ it sh!ll "e s,ffi ient for one of the $itnesses to the +!rri!*e to $rite the n!+e of s!id p!rt)/ $hi h f! t sh!ll "e !ttested ") the sole+ni.in* offi er. &33!' Art. 6. ?!rri!*e +!) "e sole+ni.ed ")A &1' An) in ,+"ent +e+"er of the 5,di i!r) $ithin the o,rt@s 5,risdi tion= &(' An) priest/ r!""i/ i+!+/ or +inister of !n) h,r h or reli*io,s se t d,l) !,thori.ed ") his h,r h or reli*io,s se t !nd re*istered $ith the ivil re*istr!r *ener!l/ ! tin* $ithin the li+its of the $ritten !,thorit) *r!nted ") his h,r h or reli*io,s se t !nd provided th!t !t le!st one of the ontr! tin* p!rties "elon*s to the sole+ni.in* offi er@s h,r h or reli*io,s se t= &0' An) ship !pt!in or !irpl!ne hief onl) in the !se +entioned in Arti le 01=

&2' An) +ilit!r) o++!nder of ! ,nit to $hi h ! h!pl!in is !ssi*ned/ in the !"sen e of the l!tter/ d,rin* ! +ilit!r) oper!tion/ li#e$ise onl) in the !ses +entioned in Arti le 0(= &3' An) ons,l8*ener!l/ ons,l or vi e8 ons,l in the !se provided in Arti le 1<. &34!' Arti le. 9. The +!rri!*e sh!ll "e sole+ni.ed p,"li l) in the h!+"ers of the 5,d*e or in open o,rt/ in the h,r h/ h!pel or te+ple/ or in the offi e the ons,l8*ener!l/ ons,l or vi e8 ons,l/ !s the !se +!) "e/ !nd not else$here/ e1 ept in !ses of +!rri!*es ontr! ted on the point of de!th or in re+ote pl! es in ! ord!n e $ith Arti le (; of this Code/ or $here "oth of the p!rties re7,est the sole+ni.in* offi er in $ritin* in $hi h !se the +!rri!*e +!) "e sole+ni.ed !t ! ho,se or pl! e desi*n!ted ") the+ in ! s$orn st!te+ent to th!t effe t. &36!' Art. ;. A +!rri!*e li ense sh!ll "e iss,ed ") the lo !l ivil re*istr!r of the it) or +,ni ip!lit) $here either ontr! tin* p!rt) h!"it,!ll) resides/ e1 ept in +!rri!*es $here no li ense is re7,ired in ! ord!n e $ith Ch!pter ( of this Title. &39!' Art. 1<. ?!rri!*es "et$een Filipino iti.ens !"ro!d +!) "e sole+ni.ed ") ! ons,l8*ener!l/ ons,l or vi e8 ons,l of the Rep,"li of the Philippines. The iss,!n e of the +!rri!*e li ense !nd the d,ties of the lo !l ivil re*istr!r !nd of the sole+ni.in* offi er $ith re*!rd to the ele"r!tion of +!rri!*e sh!ll "e perfor+ed ") s!id ons,l!r offi i!l. &63!' Art. 11. Where ! +!rri!*e li ense is re7,ired/ e! h of the ontr! tin* p!rties sh!ll file sep!r!tel) ! s$orn !ppli !tion for s, h li ense $ith the proper lo !l ivil re*istr!r $hi h sh!ll spe if) the follo$in*A &1' F,ll n!+e of the ontr! tin* p!rt)= &(' Pl! e of "irth= &0' A*e !nd d!te of "irth= &2' Civil st!t,s= &3' If previo,sl) +!rried/ ho$/ $hen !nd $here the previo,s +!rri!*e $!s dissolved or !nn,lled= &4' Present residen e !nd iti.enship= &6' De*ree of rel!tionship of the ontr! tin* p!rties= &9' F,ll n!+e/ residen e !nd iti.enship of the f!ther= &;' F,ll n!+e/ residen e !nd iti.enship of the +other= !nd &1<' F,ll n!+e/ residen e !nd iti.enship of the *,!rdi!n or person h!vin* h!r*e/ in !se the ontr! tin* p!rt) h!s neither f!ther nor +other !nd is ,nder the !*e of t$ent)8one )e!rs. The !ppli !nts/ their p!rents or *,!rdi!ns sh!ll not "e re7,ired to e1hi"it their residen e ertifi !tes in !n) for+!lit) in onne tion $ith the se ,rin* of the +!rri!*e li ense. &3;!' Art. 1(. The lo !l ivil re*istr!r/ ,pon re eivin* s, h !ppli !tion/ sh!ll re7,ire the present!tion of the ori*in!l "irth ertifi !tes or/ in def!,lt thereof/ the "!ptis+!l ertifi !tes of the ontr! tin* p!rties or opies of s, h do ,+ents d,l) !ttested ") the persons h!vin* ,stod) of the ori*in!ls. These ertifi !tes or ertified opies of the do ,+ents ") this Arti le need not "e s$orn to !nd sh!ll "e e1e+pt fro+ the do ,+ent!r) st!+p t!1. The si*n!t,re !nd offi i!l title of the person iss,in* the ertifi !te sh!ll "e s,ffi ient proof of its !,thenti it). If either of the ontr! tin* p!rties is ,n!"le to prod, e his "irth or "!ptis+!l ertifi !te or ! ertified op) of either "e !,se of the destr, tion or loss of the ori*in!l or if it is sho$n ") !n !ffid!vit of s, h p!rt) or of !n) other person th!t s, h "irth or "!ptis+!l ertifi !te h!s not )et "een re eived tho,*h the s!+e h!s "een re7,ired of the person h!vin* ,stod) thereof !t le!st fifteen d!)s prior to the d!te of the !ppli !tion/ s, h p!rt) +!) f,rnish in lie, thereof

his ,rrent residen e ertifi !te or !n instr,+ent dr!$n ,p !nd s$orn to "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r on erned or !n) p,"li offi i!l !,thori.ed to !d+inister o!ths. S, h instr,+ent sh!ll ont!in the s$orn de l!r!tion of t$o $itnesses of l!$f,l !*e/ settin* forth the f,ll n!+e/ residen e !nd iti.enship of s, h ontr! tin* p!rt) !nd of his or her p!rents/ if #no$n/ !nd the pl! e !nd d!te of "irth of s, h p!rt). The ne!rest of #in of the ontr! tin* p!rties sh!ll "e preferred !s $itnesses/ or/ in their def!,lt/ persons of *ood rep,t!tion in the provin e or the lo !lit). The present!tion of "irth or "!ptis+!l ertifi !te sh!ll not "e re7,ired if the p!rents of the ontr! tin* p!rties !ppe!r person!ll) "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r on erned !nd s$e!r to the orre tness of the l!$f,l !*e of s!id p!rties/ !s st!ted in the !ppli !tion/ or $hen the lo !l ivil re*istr!r sh!ll/ ") +erel) loo#in* !t the !ppli !nts ,pon their person!ll) !ppe!rin* "efore hi+/ "e onvin ed th!t either or "oth of the+ h!ve the re7,ired !*e. &4<!' Art. 10. In !se either of the ontr! tin* p!rties h!s "een previo,sl) +!rried/ the !ppli !nt sh!ll "e re7,ired to f,rnish/ inste!d of the "irth or "!ptis+!l ertifi !te re7,ired in the l!st pre edin* !rti le/ the de!th ertifi !te of the de e!sed spo,se or the 5,di i!l de ree of the !"sol,te divor e/ or the 5,di i!l de ree of !nn,l+ent or de l!r!tion of n,llit) of his or her previo,s +!rri!*e. In !se the de!th ertifi !te !nnot "e se ,red/ the p!rt) sh!ll +!#e !n !ffid!vit settin* forth this ir ,+st!n e !nd his or her ! t,!l ivil st!t,s !nd the n!+e !nd d!te of de!th of the de e!sed spo,se. &41!' Art. 12. In !se either or "oth of the ontr! tin* p!rties/ not h!vin* "een e+!n ip!ted ") ! previo,s +!rri!*e/ !re "et$een the !*es of ei*hteen !nd t$ent)8one/ the) sh!ll/ in !ddition to the re7,ire+ents of the pre edin* !rti les/ e1hi"it to the lo !l ivil re*istr!r/ the onsent to their +!rri!*e of their f!ther/ +other/ s,rvivin* p!rent or *,!rdi!n/ or persons h!vin* le*!l h!r*e of the+/ in the order +entioned. S, h onsent sh!ll "e +!nifested in $ritin* ") the interested p!rt)/ $ho person!ll) !ppe!rs "efore the proper lo !l ivil re*istr!r/ or in the for+ of !n !ffid!vit +!de in the presen e of t$o $itnesses !nd !ttested "efore !n) offi i!l !,thori.ed ") l!$ to !d+inister o!ths. The person!l +!nifest!tion sh!ll "e re orded in "oth !ppli !tions for +!rri!*e li ense/ !nd the !ffid!vit/ if one is e1e ,ted inste!d/ sh!ll "e !tt! hed to s!id !ppli !tions. &41!' Art. 13. An) ontr! tin* p!rt) "et$een the !*e of t$ent)8one !nd t$ent)8five sh!ll "e o"li*ed to !s# their p!rents or *,!rdi!n for !dvi e ,pon the intended +!rri!*e. If the) do not o"t!in s, h !dvi e/ or if it "e ,nf!vor!"le/ the +!rri!*e li ense sh!ll not "e iss,ed till !fter three +onths follo$in* the o+pletion of the p,"li !tion of the !ppli !tion therefor. A s$orn st!te+ent ") the ontr! tin* p!rties to the effe t th!t s, h !dvi e h!s "een so,*ht/ to*ether $ith the $ritten !dvi e *iven/ if !n)/ sh!ll "e !tt! hed to the !ppli !tion for +!rri!*e li ense. Sho,ld the p!rents or *,!rdi!n ref,se to *ive !n) !dvi e/ this f! t sh!ll "e st!ted in the s$orn st!te+ent. &4(!' Art. 14. In the !ses $here p!rent!l onsent or p!rent!l !dvi e is needed/ the p!rt) or p!rties on erned sh!ll/ in !ddition to the re7,ire+ents of the pre edin* !rti les/ !tt! h ! ertifi !te iss,ed ") ! priest/ i+!+ or +inister !,thori.ed to sole+ni.e +!rri!*e ,nder Arti le 6 of this Code or ! +!rri!*e o,nselor d,l) ! redited ") the proper *overn+ent !*en ) to the effe t th!t the ontr! tin* p!rties h!ve ,nder*one +!rri!*e o,nselin*. F!il,re to !tt! h s!id ertifi !tes of +!rri!*e o,nselin* sh!ll s,spend the iss,!n e of the +!rri!*e li ense for ! period of three +onths fro+ the o+pletion of the p,"li !tion of the !ppli !tion. Iss,!n e of the +!rri!*e li ense $ithin the prohi"ited period sh!ll s,"5e t the iss,in* offi er to !d+inistr!tive s!n tions ",t sh!ll not !ffe t the v!lidit) of the +!rri!*e. Sho,ld onl) one of the ontr! tin* p!rties need p!rent!l onsent or p!rent!l !dvi e/ the other p!rt) +,st "e present !t the o,nselin* referred to in the pre edin* p!r!*r!ph. &n'

Art. 16. The lo !l ivil re*istr!r sh!ll prep!re ! noti e $hi h sh!ll ont!in the f,ll n!+es !nd residen es of the !ppli !nts for ! +!rri!*e li ense !nd other d!t! *iven in the !ppli !tions. The noti e sh!ll "e posted for ten onse ,tive d!)s on ! ",lletin "o!rd o,tside the offi e of the lo !l ivil re*istr!r lo !ted in ! onspi ,o,s pl! e $ithin the ",ildin* !nd ! essi"le to the *ener!l p,"li . This noti e sh!ll re7,est !ll persons h!vin* #no$led*e of !n) i+pedi+ent to the +!rri!*e to !dvise the lo !l ivil re*istr!r thereof. The +!rri!*e li ense sh!ll "e iss,ed !fter the o+pletion of the period of p,"li !tion. &40!' Art. 19. In !se of !n) i+pedi+ent #no$n to the lo !l ivil re*istr!r or "ro,*ht to his !ttention/ he sh!ll note do$n the p!rti ,l!rs thereof !nd his findin*s thereon in the !ppli !tion for +!rri!*e li ense/ ",t sh!ll nonetheless iss,e s!id li ense !fter the o+pletion of the period of p,"li !tion/ ,nless ordered other$ise ") ! o+petent o,rt !t his o$n inst!n e or th!t of !n) interest p!rt). No filin* fee sh!ll "e h!r*ed for the petition nor ! orrespondin* "ond re7,ired for the iss,!n es of the order. &42!' Art. 1;. The lo !l ivil re*istr!r sh!ll re7,ire the p!)+ent of the fees pres ri"ed ") l!$ or re*,l!tions "efore the iss,!n e of the +!rri!*e li ense. No other s,+ sh!ll "e olle ted in the n!t,re of ! fee or t!1 of !n) #ind for the iss,!n e of s!id li ense. It sh!ll/ ho$ever/ "e iss,ed free of h!r*e to indi*ent p!rties/ th!t is those $ho h!ve no visi"le +e!ns of in o+e or $hose in o+e is ins,ffi ient for their s,"sisten e ! f! t est!"lished ") their !ffid!vit/ or ") their o!th "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r. &43!' h!n ro"les virt,!l l!$ li"r!r) Art. (<. The li ense sh!ll "e v!lid in !n) p!rt of the Philippines for ! period of one h,ndred t$ent) d!)s fro+ the d!te of iss,e/ !nd sh!ll "e dee+ed !,to+!ti !ll) !n eled !t the e1pir!tion of the s!id period if the ontr! tin* p!rties h!ve not +!de ,se of it. The e1pir) d!te sh!ll "e st!+ped in "old h!r! ters on the f! e of ever) li ense iss,ed. &43!' Art. (1. When either or "oth of the ontr! tin* p!rties !re iti.ens of ! forei*n o,ntr)/ it sh!ll "e ne ess!r) for the+ "efore ! +!rri!*e li ense !n "e o"t!ined/ to s,"+it ! ertifi !te of le*!l !p! it) to ontr! t +!rri!*e/ iss,ed ") their respe tive diplo+!ti or ons,l!r offi i!ls. St!teless persons or ref,*ees fro+ other o,ntries sh!ll/ in lie, of the ertifi !te of le*!l !p! it) herein re7,ired/ s,"+it !n !ffid!vit st!tin* the ir ,+st!n es sho$in* s, h !p! it) to ontr! t +!rri!*e. &44!' Art. ((. The +!rri!*e ertifi !te/ in $hi h the p!rties sh!ll de l!re th!t the) t!#e e! h other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife/ sh!ll !lso st!teA &1' The f,ll n!+e/ se1 !nd !*e of e! h ontr! tin* p!rt)= &(' Their iti.enship/ reli*ion !nd h!"it,!l residen e= &0' The d!te !nd pre ise ti+e of the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e= &2' Th!t the proper +!rri!*e li ense h!s "een iss,ed ! ordin* to l!$/ e1 ept in +!rri!*e provided for in Ch!pter ( of this Title= &3' Th!t either or "oth of the !ppropri!te !ses= ontr! tin* p!rties h!ve se ,red the p!rent!l onsent in

&4' Th!t either or "oth of the ontr! tin* p!rties h!ve o+plied $ith the le*!l re7,ire+ent re*!rdin* p!rent!l !dvi e in !ppropri!te !ses= !nd &6' Th!t the p!rties h!ve entered into +!rri!*e settle+ent/ if !n)/ !tt! hin* ! op) thereof. &46!' Art. (0. It sh!ll "e the d,t) of the person sole+ni.in* the +!rri!*e to f,rnish either of the ontr! tin* p!rties the ori*in!l of the +!rri!*e ertifi !te referred to in Arti le 4 !nd to send the d,pli !te !nd tripli !te opies of the ertifi !te not l!ter th!n fifteen d!)s !fter the +!rri!*e/ to the lo !l ivil re*istr!r of the pl! e $here the +!rri!*e $!s sole+ni.ed. Proper re eipts sh!ll "e

iss,ed ") the lo !l ivil re*istr!r to the sole+ni.in* offi er tr!ns+ittin* opies of the +!rri!*e ertifi !te. The sole+ni.in* offi er sh!ll ret!in in his file the 7,!dr,pli !te op) of the +!rri!*e ertifi !te/ the op) of the +!rri!*e ertifi !te/ the ori*in!l of the +!rri!*e li ense !nd/ in proper !ses/ the !ffid!vit of the ontr! tin* p!rt) re*!rdin* the sole+ni.!tion of the +!rri!*e in pl! e other th!n those +entioned in Arti le 9. &49!' Art. (2. It sh!ll "e the d,t) of the lo !l ivil re*istr!r to prep!re the do ,+ents re7,ired ") this Title/ !nd to !d+inister o!ths to !ll interested p!rties $itho,t !n) h!r*e in "oth !ses. The do ,+ents !nd !ffid!vits filed in onne tion $ith !ppli !tions for +!rri!*e li enses sh!ll "e e1e+pt fro+ do ,+ent!r) st!+p t!1. &n' Art. (3. The lo !l ivil re*istr!r on erned sh!ll enter !ll !ppli !tions for +!rri!*e li enses filed $ith hi+ in ! re*istr) "oo# stri tl) in the order in $hi h the s!+e !re re eived. He sh!ll re ord in s!id "oo# the n!+es of the !ppli !nts/ the d!te on $hi h the +!rri!*e li ense $!s iss,ed/ !nd s, h other d!t! !s +!) "e ne ess!r). &n' Art. (4. All +!rri!*es sole+ni.ed o,tside the Philippines/ in ! ord!n e $ith the l!$s in for e in the o,ntr) $here the) $ere sole+ni.ed/ !nd v!lid there !s s, h/ sh!ll !lso "e v!lid in this o,ntr)/ e1 ept those prohi"ited ,nder Arti les 03 &1'/ &2'/ &3' !nd &4'/ 0406 !nd 09. &16!' Where ! +!rri!*e "et$een ! Filipino iti.en !nd ! forei*ner is v!lidl) ele"r!ted !nd ! divor e is there!fter v!lidl) o"t!ined !"ro!d ") the !lien spo,se !p! it!tin* hi+ or her to re+!rr)/ the Filipino spo,se sh!ll h!ve !p! it) to re+!rr) ,nder Philippine l!$. &As !+ended ") E1e ,tive Order ((6' Chapter 2. Marriages Exempted from License Requirement Art. (6. In !se either or "oth of the ontr! tin* p!rties !re !t the point of de!th/ the +!rri!*e +!) "e sole+ni.ed $itho,t ne essit) of ! +!rri!*e li ense !nd sh!ll re+!in v!lid even if the !ilin* p!rt) s,"se7,entl) s,rvives. &6(!' Art. (9. If the residen e of either p!rt) is so lo !ted th!t there is no +e!ns of tr!nsport!tion to en!"le s, h p!rt) to !ppe!r person!ll) "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r/ the +!rri!*e +!) "e sole+ni.ed $itho,t ne essit) of ! +!rri!*e li ense. &6(!' Art. (;. In the !ses provided for in the t$o pre edin* !rti les/ the sole+ni.in* offi er sh!ll st!te in !n !ffid!vit e1e ,ted "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r or !n) other person le*!ll) !,thori.ed to !d+inister o!ths th!t the +!rri!*e $!s perfor+ed in !rti ,lo +ortis or th!t the residen e of either p!rt)/ spe if)in* the "!rrio or "!r!n*!)/ is so lo !ted th!t there is no +e!ns of tr!nsport!tion to en!"le s, h p!rt) to !ppe!r person!ll) "efore the lo !l ivil re*istr!r !nd th!t the offi er too# the ne ess!r) steps to !s ert!in the !*es !nd rel!tionship of the ontr! tin* p!rties !nd the !"sen e of le*!l i+pedi+ent to the +!rri!*e. &6(!' Art. 0<. The ori*in!l of the !ffid!vit re7,ired in the l!st pre edin* !rti le/ to*ether $ith the le*i"le op) of the +!rri!*e ontr! t/ sh!ll "e sent ") the person sole+ni.in* the +!rri!*e to the lo !l ivil re*istr!r of the +,ni ip!lit) $here it $!s perfor+ed $ithin the period of thirt) d!)s !fter the perfor+!n e of the +!rri!*e. &63!' Art. 01. A +!rri!*e in !rti ,lo +ortis "et$een p!ssen*ers or re$ +e+"ers +!) !lso "e sole+ni.ed ") ! ship !pt!in or ") !n !irpl!ne pilot not onl) $hile the ship is !t se! or the pl!ne is in fli*ht/ ",t !lso d,rin* stopovers !t ports of !ll. &62!' Art. 0(. A +ilit!r) o++!nder of ! ,nit/ $ho is ! o++issioned offi er/ sh!ll li#e$ise h!ve !,thorit) to sole+ni.e +!rri!*es in !rti ,lo +ortis "et$een persons $ithin the .one of +ilit!r) oper!tion/ $hether +e+"ers of the !r+ed for es or ivili!ns. &62!' Art. 00. ?!rri!*es !+on* ?,sli+s or !+on* +e+"ers of the ethni ,lt,r!l o++,nities +!) "e

perfor+ed v!lidl) $itho,t the ne essit) of +!rri!*e li ense/ provided the) !re sole+ni.ed in ! ord!n e $ith their ,sto+s/ rites or pr! ti es. &69!' Art. 02. No li ense sh!ll "e ne ess!r) for the +!rri!*e of ! +!n !nd ! $o+!n $ho h!ve lived to*ether !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife for !t le!st five )e!rs !nd $itho,t !n) le*!l i+pedi+ent to +!rr) e! h other. The ontr! tin* p!rties sh!ll st!te the fore*oin* f! ts in !n !ffid!vit "efore !n) person !,thori.ed ") l!$ to !d+inister o!ths. The sole+ni.in* offi er sh!ll !lso st!te ,nder o!th th!t he !s ert!ined the 7,!lifi !tions of the ontr! tin* p!rties !re fo,nd no le*!l i+pedi+ent to the +!rri!*e. &64!' Chapter . !oid and !oida"#e Marriages Art. 03. The follo$in* +!rri!*es sh!ll "e void fro+ the "e*innin*A &1' Those ontr! ted ") !n) p!rt) "elo$ ei*hteen )e!rs of !*e even $ith the onsent of p!rents or *,!rdi!ns= &(' Those sole+ni.ed ") !n) person not le*!ll) !,thori.ed to perfor+ +!rri!*es ,nless s, h +!rri!*es $ere ontr! ted $ith either or "oth p!rties "elievin* in *ood f!ith th!t the sole+ni.in* offi er h!d the le*!l !,thorit) to do so= &0' Those sole+ni.ed $itho,t li ense/ e1 ept those overed the pre edin* Ch!pter= &2' Those "i*!+o,s or pol)*!+o,s +!rri!*es not f!ilin* ,nder Arti le 21= &3' Those ontr! ted thro,*h +ist!#e of one ontr! tin* p!rt) !s to the identit) of the other= !nd &4' Those s,"se7,ent +!rri!*es th!t !re void ,nder Arti le 30. Art. 04. A +!rri!*e ontr! ted ") !n) p!rt) $ho/ !t the ti+e of the ele"r!tion/ $!s ps) holo*i !ll) in !p! it!ted to o+pl) $ith the essenti!l +!rit!l o"li*!tions of +!rri!*e/ sh!ll li#e$ise "e void even if s, h in !p! it) "e o+es +!nifest onl) !fter its sole+ni.!tion. &As !+ended ") E1e ,tive Order ((6' Art. 06. ?!rri!*es "et$een the follo$in* !re in est,o,s !nd void fro+ the "e*innin*/ $hether rel!tionship "et$een the p!rties "e le*iti+!te or ille*iti+!teA &1' Cet$een !s end!nts !nd des end!nts of !n) de*ree= !nd &(' Cet$een "rothers !nd sisters/ $hether of the f,ll or h!lf "lood. &91!' Art. 09. The follo$in* +!rri!*es sh!ll "e void fro+ the "e*innin* for re!sons of p,"li poli )A &1' Cet$een oll!ter!l "lood rel!tives $hether le*iti+!te or ille*iti+!te/ ,p to the fo,rth ivil de*ree= &(' Cet$een step8p!rents !nd step8 hildren= &0' Cet$een p!rents8in8l!$ !nd hildren8in8l!$= &2' Cet$een the !doptin* p!rent !nd the !dopted hild= &3' Cet$een the s,rvivin* spo,se of the !doptin* p!rent !nd the !dopted hild= &4' Cet$een the s,rvivin* spo,se of the !dopted hild !nd the !dopter= &6' Cet$een !n !dopted hild !nd ! le*iti+!te hild of the !dopter= &9' Cet$een !dopted hildren of the s!+e !dopter= !nd &;' Cet$een p!rties $here one/ $ith the intention to +!rr) the other/ #illed th!t other person@s spo,se/ or his or her o$n spo,se. &9('

Art. 0;. The ! tion or defense for the de l!r!tion of !"sol,te n,llit) of ! +!rri!*e sh!ll not pres ri"e. &As !+ended ") E1e ,tive Order ((6 !nd Rep,"li A t No. 9300= The phr!se %Ho$ever/ in !se of +!rri!*e ele"r!ted "efore the effe tivit) of this Code !nd f!llin* ,nder Arti le 04/ s, h ! tion or defense sh!ll pres ri"e in ten )e!rs !fter this Code sh!ll t!#en effe t% h!s "een deleted ") Rep,"li A t No. 9300 GApproved Fe"r,!r) (0/ 1;;9H'. Art. 2<. The !"sol,te n,llit) of ! previo,s +!rri!*e +!) "e invo#ed for p,rposes of re+!rri!*e on the "!sis solel) of ! fin!l 5,d*+ent de l!rin* s, h previo,s +!rri!*e void. &n' Art. 21. A +!rri!*e ontr! ted ") !n) person d,rin* s,"sisten e of ! previo,s +!rri!*e sh!ll "e n,ll !nd void/ ,nless "efore the ele"r!tion of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e/ the prior spo,se h!d "een !"sent for fo,r onse ,tive )e!rs !nd the spo,se present h!s ! $ell8fo,nded "elief th!t the !"sent spo,se $!s !lre!d) de!d. In !se of dis!ppe!r!n e $here there is d!n*er of de!th ,nder the ir ,+st!n es set forth in the provisions of Arti le 0;1 of the Civil Code/ !n !"sen e of onl) t$o )e!rs sh!ll "e s,ffi ient. For the p,rpose of ontr! tin* the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e ,nder the pre edin* p!r!*r!ph the spo,se present +,st instit,te ! s,++!r) pro eedin* !s provided in this Code for the de l!r!tion of pres,+ptive de!th of the !"sentee/ $itho,t pre5,di e to the effe t of re!ppe!r!n e of the !"sent spo,se. &90!' Art. 2(. The s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e referred to in the pre edin* Arti le sh!ll "e !,to+!ti !ll) ter+in!ted ") the re ordin* of the !ffid!vit of re!ppe!r!n e of the !"sent spo,se/ ,nless there is ! 5,d*+ent !nn,llin* the previo,s +!rri!*e or de l!rin* it void !" initio. A s$orn st!te+ent of the f! t !nd ir ,+st!n es of re!ppe!r!n e sh!ll "e re orded in the ivil re*istr) of the residen e of the p!rties to the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e !t the inst!n e of !n) interested person/ $ith d,e noti e to the spo,ses of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e !nd $itho,t pre5,di e to the f! t of re!ppe!r!n e "ein* 5,di i!ll) deter+ined in !se s, h f! t is disp,ted. &n' Art. 20. The ter+in!tion of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e referred to in the pre edin* Arti le sh!ll prod, e the follo$in* effe tsA &1' The hildren of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e onsidered le*iti+!te= on eived prior to its ter+in!tion sh!ll "e

&(' The !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) or the on5,*!l p!rtnership/ !s the !se +!) "e/ sh!ll "e dissolved !nd li7,id!ted/ ",t if either spo,se ontr! ted s!id +!rri!*e in "!d f!ith/ his or her sh!re of the net profits of the o++,nit) propert) or on5,*!l p!rtnership propert) sh!ll "e forfeited in f!vor of the o++on hildren or/ if there !re none/ the hildren of the *,ilt) spo,se ") ! previo,s +!rri!*e or in def!,lt of hildren/ the inno ent spo,se= &0' Don!tions ") re!son of +!rri!*e sh!ll re+!in v!lid/ e1 ept th!t if the donee ontr! ted the +!rri!*e in "!d f!ith/ s, h don!tions +!de to s!id donee !re revo#ed ") oper!tion of l!$= &2' The inno ent spo,se +!) revo#e the desi*n!tion of the other spo,se $ho ! ted in "!d f!ith !s "enefi i!r) in !n) ins,r!n e poli )/ even if s, h desi*n!tion "e stip,l!ted !s irrevo !"le= !nd &3' The spo,se $ho ontr! ted the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e in "!d f!ith sh!ll "e dis7,!lified to inherit fro+ the inno ent spo,se ") test!te !nd intest!te s, ession. &n' Art. 22. If "oth spo,ses of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e ! ted in "!d f!ith/ s!id +!rri!*e sh!ll "e void !" initio !nd !ll don!tions ") re!son of +!rri!*e !nd test!+ent!r) dispositions +!de ") one in f!vor of the other !re revo#ed ") oper!tion of l!$. &n' Art. 23. A +!rri!*e +!) "e !nn,lled for !n) of the follo$in* !,ses/ e1istin* !t the ti+e of the

+!rri!*eA &1' Th!t the p!rt) in $hose "eh!lf it is so,*ht to h!ve the +!rri!*e !nn,lled $!s ei*hteen )e!rs of !*e or over ",t "elo$ t$ent)8one/ !nd the +!rri!*e $!s sole+ni.ed $itho,t the onsent of the p!rents/ *,!rdi!n or person h!vin* s,"stit,te p!rent!l !,thorit) over the p!rt)/ in th!t order/ ,nless !fter !tt!inin* the !*e of t$ent)8one/ s, h p!rt) freel) oh!"ited $ith the other !nd "oth lived to*ether !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife= &(' Th!t either p!rt) $!s of ,nso,nd +ind/ ,nless s, h p!rt) !fter o+in* to re!son/ freel) oh!"ited $ith the other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife= &0' Th!t the onsent of either p!rt) $!s o"t!ined ") fr!,d/ ,nless s, h p!rt) !fter$!rds/ $ith f,ll #no$led*e of the f! ts onstit,tin* the fr!,d/ freel) oh!"ited $ith the other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife= &2' Th!t the onsent of either p!rt) $!s o"t!ined ") for e/ inti+id!tion or ,nd,e infl,en e/ ,nless the s!+e h!vin* dis!ppe!red or e!sed/ s, h p!rt) there!fter freel) oh!"ited $ith the other !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife= &3' Th!t either p!rt) $!s ph)si !ll) in !p!"le of ons,++!tin* the +!rri!*e $ith the other/ !nd s, h in !p! it) ontin,es !nd !ppe!rs to "e in ,r!"le= or &4' Th!t either p!rt) $!s !ffli ted $ith ! se1,!ll)8tr!ns+issi"le dise!se fo,nd to "e serio,s !nd !ppe!rs to "e in ,r!"le. &93!' Art. 24. An) of the follo$in* ir ,+st!n es sh!ll onstit,te fr!,d referred to in N,+"er 0 of the pre edin* Arti leA &1' Non8dis los,re of ! previo,s onvi tion ") fin!l 5,d*+ent of the other p!rt) of ! ri+e involvin* +or!l t,rpit,de= &(' Con e!l+ent ") the $ife of the f! t th!t !t the ti+e of the +!rri!*e/ she $!s pre*n!nt ") ! +!n other th!n her h,s"!nd= &0' Con e!l+ent of se1,!ll) tr!ns+issi"le dise!se/ re*!rdless of its n!t,re/ e1istin* !t the ti+e of the +!rri!*e= or &2' Con e!l+ent of dr,* !ddi tion/ h!"it,!l !l oholis+ or ho+ose1,!lit) or les"i!nis+ e1istin* !t the ti+e of the +!rri!*e. No other +isrepresent!tion or de eit !s to h!r! ter/ he!lth/ r!n#/ fort,ne or h!stit) sh!ll onstit,te s, h fr!,d !s $ill *ive *ro,nds for ! tion for the !nn,l+ent of +!rri!*e. &94!' Art. 26. The ! tion for !nn,l+ent of +!rri!*e +,st "e filed ") the follo$in* persons !nd $ithin the periods indi !ted hereinA &1' For !,ses +entioned in n,+"er 1 of Arti le 23 ") the p!rt) $hose p!rent or *,!rdi!n did not *ive his or her onsent/ $ithin five )e!rs !fter !tt!inin* the !*e of t$ent)8one/ or ") the p!rent or *,!rdi!n or person h!vin* le*!l h!r*e of the +inor/ !t !n) ti+e "efore s, h p!rt) h!s re! hed the !*e of t$ent)8one= &(' For !,ses +entioned in n,+"er ( of Arti le 23/ ") the s!+e spo,se/ $ho h!d no #no$led*e of the other@s ins!nit)= or ") !n) rel!tive or *,!rdi!n or person h!vin* le*!l h!r*e of the ins!ne/ !t !n) ti+e "efore the de!th of either p!rt)/ or ") the ins!ne spo,se d,rin* ! l, id interv!l or !fter re*!inin* s!nit)= &0' For !,ses +entioned in n,+"er 0 of Arti le 23/ ") the in5,red p!rt)/ $ithin five )e!rs !fter the dis over) of the fr!,d= &2' For !,ses +entioned in n,+"er 2 of Arti le 23/ ") the in5,red p!rt)/ $ithin five )e!rs fro+ the ti+e the for e/ inti+id!tion or ,nd,e infl,en e dis!ppe!red or e!sed=

&3' For !,ses +entioned in n,+"er 3 !nd 4 of Arti le 23/ ") the in5,red p!rt)/ $ithin five )e!rs !fter the +!rri!*e. &96!' Art. 29. In !ll !ses of !nn,l+ent or de l!r!tion of !"sol,te n,llit) of +!rri!*e/ the Co,rt sh!ll order the prose ,tin* !ttorne) or fis !l !ssi*ned to it to !ppe!r on "eh!lf of the St!te to t!#e steps to prevent oll,sion "et$een the p!rties !nd to t!#e !re th!t eviden e is not f!"ri !ted or s,ppressed. In the !ses referred to in the pre edin* p!r!*r!ph/ no 5,d*+ent sh!ll "e "!sed ,pon ! stip,l!tion of f! ts or onfession of 5,d*+ent. &99!' Art. 2;. D,rin* the penden ) of the ! tion !nd in the !"sen e of !de7,!te provisions in ! $ritten !*ree+ent "et$een the spo,ses/ the Co,rt sh!ll provide for the s,pport of the spo,ses !nd the ,stod) !nd s,pport of their o++on hildren. The Co,rt sh!ll *ive p!r!+o,nt onsider!tion to the +or!l !nd +!teri!l $elf!re of s!id hildren !nd their hoi e of the p!rent $ith $ho+ the) $ish to re+!in !s provided to in Title II. It sh!ll !lso provide for !ppropri!te visit!tion ri*hts of the other p!rent. &n' Art. 3<. The effe ts provided for ") p!r!*r!phs &('/ &0'/ &2' !nd &3' of Arti le 20 !nd ") Arti le 22 sh!ll !lso !ppl) in the proper !ses to +!rri!*es $hi h !re de l!red !" initio or !nn,lled ") fin!l 5,d*+ent ,nder Arti les 2< !nd 23. The fin!l 5,d*+ent in s, h !ses sh!ll provide for the li7,id!tion/ p!rtition !nd distri",tion of the properties of the spo,ses/ the ,stod) !nd s,pport of the o++on hildren/ !nd the deliver) of third pres,+ptive le*iti+es/ ,nless s, h +!tters h!d "een !d5,di !ted in previo,s 5,di i!l pro eedin*s. All reditors of the spo,ses !s $ell !s of the !"sol,te o++,nit) or the on5,*!l p!rtnership sh!ll "e notified of the pro eedin*s for li7,id!tion. In the p!rtition/ the on5,*!l d$ellin* !nd the lot on $hi h it is sit,!ted/ sh!ll "e !d5,di !ted in ! ord!n e $ith the provisions of Arti les 1<( !nd 1(;. Art. 31. In s!id p!rtition/ the v!l,e of the pres,+ptive le*iti+es of !ll o++on hildren/ o+p,ted !s of the d!te of the fin!l 5,d*+ent of the tri!l o,rt/ sh!ll "e delivered in !sh/ propert) or so,nd se ,rities/ ,nless the p!rties/ ") +,t,!l !*ree+ent 5,di i!ll) !pproved/ h!d !lre!d) provided for s, h +!tters. The hildren or their *,!rdi!n or the tr,stee of their propert) +!) !s# for the enfor e+ent of the 5,d*+ent. The deliver) of the pres,+ptive le*iti+es herein pres ri"ed sh!ll in no $!) pre5,di e the ,lti+!te s, ession!l ri*hts of the hildren ! r,in* ,pon the de!th of either of "oth of the p!rents= ",t the v!l,e of the properties !lre!d) re eived ,nder the de ree of !nn,l+ent or !"sol,te n,llit) sh!ll "e onsidered !s !dv!n es on their le*iti+e. &n' Art. 3(. The 5,d*+ent of !nn,l+ent or of !"sol,te n,llit) of the +!rri!*e/ the p!rtition !nd distri",tion of the properties of the spo,ses !nd the deliver) of the hildren@s pres,+ptive le*iti+es sh!ll "e re orded in the !ppropri!te ivil re*istr) !nd re*istries of propert)= other$ise/ the s!+e sh!ll not !ffe t third persons. &n' Art. 30. Either of the for+er spo,ses +!) +!rr) !*!in !fter o+pli!n e $ith the re7,ire+ents of the i++edi!tel) pre edin* Arti le= other$ise/ the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e sh!ll "e n,ll !nd void. h!n ro"les virt,!l l!$ li"r!r) Art. 32. Children on eived or "orn "efore the 5,d*+ent of !nn,l+ent or !"sol,te n,llit) of the +!rri!*e ,nder Arti le 04 h!s "e o+e fin!l !nd e1e ,tor) sh!ll "e onsidered le*iti+!te. Children on eived or "orn of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e ,nder Arti le 30 sh!ll li#e$ise "e le*iti+!te.

TITLE II LEGAL $E%ARATI&' Art. 33. A petition for le*!l sep!r!tion +!) "e filed on !n) of the follo$in* *ro,ndsA &1' Repe!ted ph)si !l violen e or *rossl) !",sive ond, t dire ted !*!inst the petitioner/ ! o++on hild/ or ! hild of the petitioner= &(' Ph)si !l violen e or +or!l press,re to politi !l !ffili!tion= o+pel the petitioner to h!n*e reli*io,s or

&0' Atte+pt of respondent to orr,pt or ind, e the petitioner/ ! o++on hild/ or ! hild of the petitioner/ to en*!*e in prostit,tion/ or onniv!n e in s, h orr,ption or ind, e+ent= &2' Fin!l 5,d*+ent senten in* the respondent to i+prison+ent of +ore th!n si1 )e!rs/ even if p!rdoned= &3' Dr,* !ddi tion or h!"it,!l !l oholis+ of the respondent= &4' Les"i!nis+ or ho+ose1,!lit) of the respondent= &6' Contr! tin* ") the respondent of ! s,"se7,ent "i*!+o,s +!rri!*e/ $hether in the Philippines or !"ro!d= &9' Se1,!l infidelit) or perversion= &;' Atte+pt ") the respondent !*!inst the life of the petitioner= or &1<' A"!ndon+ent of petitioner ") respondent $itho,t 5,stifi!"le !,se for +ore th!n one )e!r. For p,rposes of this Arti le/ the ter+ % hild% sh!ll in l,de ! hild ") n!t,re or ") !doption. &;!' Art. 34. The petition for le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll "e denied on !n) of the follo$in* *ro,ndsA &1' Where the !**rieved p!rt) h!s ondoned the offense or ! t o+pl!ined of= &(' Where the !**rieved p!rt) h!s o+pl!ined of= onsented to the o++ission of the offense or ! t

&0' Where there is onniv!n e "et$een the p!rties in the o++ission of the offense or ! t onstit,tin* the *ro,nd for le*!l sep!r!tion= &2' Where "oth p!rties h!ve *iven *ro,nd for le*!l sep!r!tion= &3' Where there is oll,sion "et$een the p!rties to o"t!in de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion= or &4' Where the ! tion is "!rred ") pres ription. &1<<!' Art. 36. An ! tion for le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll "e filed $ithin five )e!rs fro+ the ti+e of the o ,rren e of the !,se. &1<(' Art. 39. An ! tion for le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll in no !se "e tried "efore si1 +onths sh!ll h!ve el!psed sin e the filin* of the petition. &1<0' Art. 3;. No le*!l sep!r!tion +!) "e de reed ,nless the Co,rt h!s t!#en steps to$!rd the re on ili!tion of the spo,ses !nd is f,ll) s!tisfied/ despite s, h efforts/ th!t re on ili!tion is hi*hl) i+pro"!"le. &n' Art. 4<. No de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll "e "!sed ,pon ! stip,l!tion of f! ts or ! onfession of 5,d*+ent.

In !n) !se/ the Co,rt sh!ll order the prose ,tin* !ttorne) or fis !l !ssi*ned to it to t!#e steps to prevent oll,sion "et$een the p!rties !nd to t!#e !re th!t the eviden e is not f!"ri !ted or s,ppressed. &1<1!' Art. 41. After the filin* of the petition for le*!l sep!r!tion/ the spo,ses sh!ll "e entitled to live sep!r!tel) fro+ e! h other. The o,rt/ in the !"sen e of ! $ritten !*ree+ent "et$een the spo,ses/ sh!ll desi*n!te either of the+ or ! third person to !d+inister the !"sol,te o++,nit) or on5,*!l p!rtnership propert). The !d+inistr!tor !ppointed ") the o,rt sh!ll h!ve the s!+e po$ers !nd d,ties !s those of ! *,!rdi!n ,nder the R,les of Co,rt. &1<2!' Art. 4(. D,rin* the penden ) of the ! tion for le*!l sep!r!tion/ the provisions of Arti le 2; sh!ll li#e$ise !ppl) to the s,pport of the spo,ses !nd the ,stod) !nd s,pport of the o++on hildren. &1<3!' Art. 40. The de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll h!ve the follo$in* effe tsA &1' The spo,ses sh!ll "e entitled to live sep!r!tel) fro+ e! h other/ ",t the +!rri!*e "onds sh!ll not "e severed= &(' The !"sol,te o++,nit) or the on5,*!l p!rtnership sh!ll "e dissolved !nd li7,id!ted ",t the offendin* spo,se sh!ll h!ve no ri*ht to !n) sh!re of the net profits e!rned ") the !"sol,te o++,nit) or the on5,*!l p!rtnership/ $hi h sh!ll "e forfeited in ! ord!n e $ith the provisions of Arti le 20&('= &0' The ,stod) of the +inor hildren sh!ll "e !$!rded to the inno ent spo,se/ s,"5e t to the provisions of Arti le (10 of this Code= !nd &2' The offendin* spo,se sh!ll "e dis7,!lified fro+ inheritin* fro+ the inno ent spo,se ") intest!te s, ession. ?oreover/ provisions in f!vor of the offendin* spo,se +!de in the $ill of the inno ent spo,se sh!ll "e revo#ed ") oper!tion of l!$. &1<4!' Art. 42. After the fin!lit) of the de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion/ the inno ent spo,se +!) revo#e the don!tions +!de ") hi+ or ") her in f!vor of the offendin* spo,se/ !s $ell !s the desi*n!tion of the l!tter !s "enefi i!r) in !n) ins,r!n e poli )/ even if s, h desi*n!tion "e stip,l!ted !s irrevo !"le. The revo !tion of the don!tions sh!ll "e re orded in the re*istries of propert) in the pl! es $here the properties !re lo !ted. Alien!tions/ liens !nd en ,+"r!n es re*istered in *ood f!ith "efore the re ordin* of the o+pl!int for revo !tion in the re*istries of propert) sh!ll "e respe ted. The revo !tion of or h!n*e in the desi*n!tion of the ins,r!n e "enefi i!r) sh!ll t!#e effe t ,pon $ritten notifi !tion thereof to the ins,red. The ! tion to revo#e the don!tion ,nder this Arti le +,st "e "ro,*ht $ithin five )e!rs fro+ the ti+e the de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion "e o+e fin!l. &1<6!' Art. 43. If the spo,ses sho,ld re on ile/ ! orrespondin* 5oint +!nifest!tion ,nder o!th d,l) si*ned ") the+ sh!ll "e filed $ith the o,rt in the s!+e pro eedin* for le*!l sep!r!tion. &n' Art. 44. The re on ili!tion referred to in the pre edin* Arti les sh!ll h!ve the follo$in* onse7,en esA &1' The le*!l sep!r!tion pro eedin*s/ if still pendin*/ sh!ll there") "e ter+in!ted !t $h!tever st!*e= !nd &(' The fin!l de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion sh!ll "e set !side/ ",t the sep!r!tion of propert) !nd !n) forfeit,re of the sh!re of the *,ilt) spo,se !lre!d) effe ted sh!ll s,"sist/ ,nless the spo,ses !*ree to revive their for+er propert) re*i+e. The o,rt@s order ont!inin* the fore*oin* sh!ll "e re orded in the proper ivil re*istries. &1<9!' Art. 46. The !*ree+ent to revive the for+er propert) re*i+e referred to in the pre edin* Arti le sh!ll

"e e1e ,ted ,nder o!th !nd sh!ll spe if)A &1' The properties to "e ontri",ted !ne$ to the restored re*i+e= &(' Those to "e ret!ined !s sep!r!ted properties of e! h spo,se= !nd &0' The n!+es of !ll their #no$n reditors/ their !ddresses !nd the !+o,nts o$in* to e! h. The !*ree+ent of reviv!l !nd the +otion for its !pprov!l sh!ll "e filed $ith the o,rt in the s!+e pro eedin* for le*!l sep!r!tion/ $ith opies of "oth f,rnished to the reditors n!+ed therein. After d,e he!rin*/ the o,rt sh!ll/ in its order/ t!#e +e!s,re to prote t the interest of reditors !nd s, h order sh!ll "e re orded in the proper re*istries of properties. The re ordin* of the orderin* in the re*istries of propert) sh!ll not pre5,di e !n) reditor not listed or not notified/ ,nless the de"tor8spo,se h!s s,ffi ient sep!r!te properties to s!tisf) the reditor@s l!i+. &1;3!/ 1<9!' TITLE III RIG(T$ A') &*LIGATI&'$ *ET+EE' (,$*A') A') +I-E Art. 49. The h,s"!nd !nd $ife !re o"li*ed to live to*ether/ o"serve +,t,!l love/ respe t !nd fidelit)/ !nd render +,t,!l help !nd s,pport. &1<;!' Art. 4;. The h,s"!nd !nd $ife sh!ll fi1 the f!+il) do+i ile. In !se of dis!*ree+ent/ the o,rt sh!ll de ide. The o,rt +!) e1e+pt one spo,se fro+ livin* $ith the other if the l!tter sho,ld live !"ro!d or there !re other v!lid !nd o+pellin* re!sons for the e1e+ption. Ho$ever/ s, h e1e+ption sh!ll not !ppl) if the s!+e is not o+p!ti"le $ith the solid!rit) of the f!+il). &11<!' Art. 6<. The spo,ses !re 5ointl) responsi"le for the s,pport of the f!+il). The e1penses for s, h s,pport !nd other on5,*!l o"li*!tions sh!ll "e p!id fro+ the o++,nit) propert) !nd/ in the !"sen e thereof/ fro+ the in o+e or fr,its of their sep!r!te properties. In !se of ins,ffi ien ) or !"sen e of s!id in o+e or fr,its/ s, h o"li*!tions sh!ll "e s!tisfied fro+ the sep!r!te properties. &111!' Art. 61. The +!n!*e+ent of the ho,sehold sh!ll "e the ri*ht !nd the d,t) of "oth spo,ses. The e1penses for s, h +!n!*e+ent sh!ll "e p!id in ! ord!n e $ith the provisions of Arti le 6<. &113!' Art. 6(. When one of the spo,ses ne*le ts his or her d,ties to the on5,*!l ,nion or o++its ! ts $hi h tend to "rin* d!n*er/ dishonor or in5,r) to the other or to the f!+il)/ the !**rieved p!rt) +!) !ppl) to the o,rt for relief. &114!' Art. 60. Either spo,se +!) e1er ise !n) le*iti+!te profession/ o ,p!tion/ ",siness or ! tivit) $itho,t the onsent of the other. The l!tter +!) o"5e t onl) on v!lid/ serio,s/ !nd +or!l *ro,nds. In !se of dis!*ree+ent/ the o,rt sh!ll de ide $hether or notA &1' The o"5e tion is proper= !nd &(' Cenefit h!s o ,rred to the f!+il) prior to the o"5e tion or there!fter. If the "enefit ! r,ed prior to the o"5e tion/ the res,ltin* o"li*!tion sh!ll "e enfor ed !*!inst the sep!r!te propert) of the spo,se $ho h!s not o"t!ined onsent. The fore*oin* provisions sh!ll not pre5,di e the ri*hts of reditors $ho ! ted in *ood f!ith. &116!' TITLE I! %R&%ERT. RELATI&'$ *ET+EE' (,$*A') A') +I-E Ch!pter 1. -ener!l Provisions

Art. 62. The propert) rel!tionship "et$een h,s"!nd !nd $ife sh!ll "e *overned in the follo$in* orderA &1' C) +!rri!*e settle+ents e1e ,ted "efore the +!rri!*e= &(' C) the provisions of this Code= !nd &0' C) the lo !l ,sto+. &119' Art. 63. The f,t,re spo,ses +!)/ in the +!rri!*e settle+ents/ !*ree ,pon the re*i+e of !"sol,te o++,nit)/ on5,*!l p!rtnership of *!ins/ o+plete sep!r!tion of propert)/ or !n) other re*i+e. In the !"sen e of ! +!rri!*e settle+ent/ or $hen the re*i+e !*reed ,pon is void/ the s)ste+ of !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) !s est!"lished in this Code sh!ll *overn. &11;!' Art. 64. In order th!t !n) +odifi !tion in the +!rri!*e settle+ents +!) "e v!lid/ it +,st "e +!de "efore the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e/ s,"5e t to the provisions of Arti les 44/ 46/ 1(9/ 103 !nd 104. &1(1' Art. 66. The +!rri!*e settle+ents !nd !n) +odifi !tion thereof sh!ll "e in $ritin*/ si*ned ") the p!rties !nd e1e ,ted "efore the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e. The) sh!ll not pre5,di e third persons ,nless the) !re re*istered in the lo !l ivil re*istr) $here the +!rri!*e ontr! t is re orded !s $ell !s in the proper re*istries of properties. &1((!' Art. 69. A +inor $ho ! ordin* to l!$ +!) ontr! t +!rri!*e +!) !lso e1e ,te his or her +!rri!*e settle+ents/ ",t the) sh!ll "e v!lid onl) if the persons desi*n!ted in Arti le 12 to *ive onsent to the +!rri!*e !re +!de p!rties to the !*ree+ent/ s,"5e t to the provisions of Title II of this Code. &1(<!' Art. 6;. For the v!lidit) of !n) +!rri!*e settle+ent e1e ,ted ") ! person ,pon $ho+ ! senten e of ivil interdi tion h!s "een prono,n ed or $ho is s,"5e t to !n) other dis!"ilit)/ it sh!ll "e indispens!"le for the *,!rdi!n !ppointed ") ! o+petent o,rt to "e +!de ! p!rt) thereto. &1(0!' Art. 9<. In the !"sen e of ! ontr!r) stip,l!tion in ! +!rri!*e settle+ent/ the propert) rel!tions of the spo,ses sh!ll "e *overned ") Philippine l!$s/ re*!rdless of the pl! e of the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e !nd their residen e. This r,le sh!ll not !ppl)A &1' Where "oth spo,ses !re !liens= &(' With respe t to the e1trinsi v!lidit) of ontr! ts !ffe tin* propert) not sit,!ted in the Philippines !nd e1e ,ted in the o,ntr) $here the propert) is lo !ted= !nd &0' With respe t to the e1trinsi v!lidit) of ontr! ts entered into in the Philippines ",t !ffe tin* propert) sit,!ted in ! forei*n o,ntr) $hose l!$s re7,ire different for+!lities for its e1trinsi v!lidit). &1(2!' Art. 91. Ever)thin* stip,l!ted in the settle+ents or ontr! ts referred to in the pre edin* !rti les in onsider!tion of ! f,t,re +!rri!*e/ in l,din* don!tions "et$een the prospe tive spo,ses +!de therein/ sh!ll "e rendered void if the +!rri!*e does not t!#e pl! e. Ho$ever/ stip,l!tions th!t do not depend ,pon the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*es sh!ll "e v!lid. &1(3!' Chapter 2. )onations "/ Reason of Marriage Art. 9(. Don!tions ") re!son of +!rri!*e !re those $hi h !re +!de "efore its ele"r!tion/ in onsider!tion of the s!+e/ !nd in f!vor of one or "oth of the f,t,re spo,ses. &1(4' Art. 90. These don!tions !re *overned ") the r,les on ordin!r) don!tions est!"lished in Title III of Coo# III of the Civil Code/ insof!r !s the) !re not +odified ") the follo$in* !rti les. &1(6!'

Art. 92. If the f,t,re spo,ses !*ree ,pon ! re*i+e other th!n the !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert)/ the) !nnot don!te to e! h other in their +!rri!*e settle+ents +ore th!n one8fifth of their present propert). An) e1 ess sh!ll "e onsidered void. Don!tions of f,t,re propert) sh!ll "e *overned ") the provisions on test!+ent!r) s, !nd the for+!lities of $ills. &10<!' ession

Art. 93. Don!tions ") re!son of +!rri!*e of propert) s,"5e t to en ,+"r!n es sh!ll "e v!lid. In !se of fore los,re of the en ,+"r!n e !nd the propert) is sold for less th!n the tot!l !+o,nt of the o"li*!tion se ,red/ the donee sh!ll not "e li!"le for the defi ien ). If the propert) is sold for +ore th!n the tot!l !+o,nt of s!id o"li*!tion/ the donee sh!ll "e entitled to the e1 ess. &101!' Art. 94. A don!tion ") re!son of +!rri!*e +!) "e revo#ed ") the donor in the follo$in* !sesA &1' If the +!rri!*e is not ele"r!ted or 5,di i!ll) de l!red void !" initio e1 ept don!tions +!de in the +!rri!*e settle+ents/ $hi h sh!ll "e *overned ") Arti le 91= &(' When the +!rri!*e t!#es pl! e $itho,t the re7,ired ") l!$= onsent of the p!rents or *,!rdi!n/ !s

&0' When the +!rri!*e is !nn,lled/ !nd the donee ! ted in "!d f!ith= &2' >pon le*!l sep!r!tion/ the donee "ein* the *,ilt) spo,se= &3' If it is $ith ! resol,tor) ondition !nd the ondition is o+plied $ith= &4' When the donee h!s o++itted !n ! t of in*r!tit,de !s spe ified ") the provisions of the Civil Code on don!tions in *ener!l. &10(!' Art. 96. Ever) don!tion or *r!nt of *r!t,ito,s !dv!nt!*e/ dire t or indire t/ "et$een the spo,ses d,rin* the +!rri!*e sh!ll "e void/ e1 ept +oder!te *ifts $hi h the spo,ses +!) *ive e! h other on the o !sion of !n) f!+il) re5oi in*. The prohi"ition sh!ll !lso !ppl) to persons livin* to*ether !s h,s"!nd !nd $ife $itho,t ! v!lid +!rri!*e. &100!' Chapter . $/stem of A"so#ute Communit/ $ection 1. Genera# %ro0isions Art. 99. The !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) "et$een spo,ses sh!ll o++en e !t the pre ise +o+ent th!t the +!rri!*e is ele"r!ted. An) stip,l!tion/ e1press or i+plied/ for the o++en e+ent of the o++,nit) re*i+e !t !n) other ti+e sh!ll "e void. &123!' Art. 9;. No $!iver of ri*hts/ sh!res !nd effe ts of the !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) d,rin* the +!rri!*e !n "e +!de e1 ept in !se of 5,di i!l sep!r!tion of propert). When the $!iver t!#es pl! e ,pon ! 5,di i!l sep!r!tion of propert)/ or !fter the +!rri!*e h!s "een dissolved or !nn,lled/ the s!+e sh!ll !ppe!r in ! p,"li instr,+ent !nd sh!ll "e re orded !s provided in Arti le 66. The reditors of the spo,se $ho +!de s, h $!iver +!) petition the o,rt to res ind the $!iver to the e1tent of the !+o,nt s,ffi ient to over the !+o,nt of their redits. &124!' Art. ;<. The provisions on o8o$nership sh!ll !ppl) to the !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) "et$een the spo,ses in !ll +!tters not provided for in this Ch!pter. &n' $ection 2. +hat Constitutes Communit/ %ropert/ Art. ;1. >nless other$ise provided in this Ch!pter or in the +!rri!*e settle+ents/ the o++,nit) propert) sh!ll onsist of !ll the propert) o$ned ") the spo,ses !t the ti+e of the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e or ! 7,ired there!fter. &1;6!' Art. ;(. The follo$in* sh!ll "e e1 l,ded fro+ the o++,nit) propert)A

&1' Propert) ! 7,ired d,rin* the +!rri!*e ") *r!t,ito,s title ") either spo,se/ !nd the fr,its !s $ell !s the in o+e thereof/ if !n)/ ,nless it is e1pressl) provided ") the donor/ test!tor or *r!ntor th!t the) sh!ll for+ p!rt of the o++,nit) propert)= &(' Propert) for person!l !nd e1 l,sive ,se of either spo,se. Ho$ever/ 5e$elr) sh!ll for+ p!rt of the o++,nit) propert)= &0' Propert) ! 7,ired "efore the +!rri!*e ") either spo,se $ho h!s le*iti+!te des end!nts ") ! for+er +!rri!*e/ !nd the fr,its !s $ell !s the in o+e/ if !n)/ of s, h propert). &(<1!' Art. ;0. Propert) ! 7,ired d,rin* the +!rri!*e is pres,+ed to "elon* to the o++,nit)/ ,nless it is proved th!t it is one of those e1 l,ded therefro+. &14<' $ection . Charges and &"#igations of the A"so#ute Communit/ Art. ;2. The !"sol,te o++,nit) of propert) sh!ll "e li!"le forA &1' The s,pport of the spo,ses/ their o++on hildren/ !nd le*iti+!te hildren of either spo,se= ho$ever/ the s,pport of ille*iti+!te hildren sh!ll "e *overned ") the provisions of this Code on S,pport= &(' All de"ts !nd o"li*!tions ontr! ted d,rin* the +!rri!*e ") the desi*n!ted !d+inistr!tor8 spo,se for the "enefit of the o++,nit)/ or ") "oth spo,ses/ or ") one spo,se $ith the onsent of the other= &0' De"ts !nd o"li*!tions ontr! ted ") either spo,se $itho,t the onsent of the other to the e1tent th!t the f!+il) +!) h!ve "een "enefited= &2' All t!1es/ liens/ h!r*es !nd e1penses/ in l,din* +!5or or +inor rep!irs/ ,pon the o++,nit) propert)= &3' All t!1es !nd e1penses for +ere preserv!tion +!de d,rin* +!rri!*e ,pon the sep!r!te propert) of either spo,se ,sed ") the f!+il)= &4' E1penses to en!"le either spo,se to o++en e or o+plete ! profession!l or vo !tion!l o,rse/ or other ! tivit) for self8i+prove+ent= &6' Ante8n,pti!l de"ts of either spo,se insof!r !s the) h!ve redo,nded to the "enefit of the f!+il)= &9' The v!l,e of $h!t is don!ted or pro+ised ") "oth spo,ses in f!vor of their o++on le*iti+!te hildren for the e1 l,sive p,rpose of o++en in* or o+pletin* ! profession!l or vo !tion!l o,rse or other ! tivit) for self8i+prove+ent= &;' Ante8n,pti!l de"ts of either spo,se other th!n those f!llin* ,nder p!r!*r!ph &6' of this Arti le/ the s,pport of ille*iti+!te hildren of either spo,se/ !nd li!"ilities in ,rred ") either spo,se ") re!son of ! ri+e or ! 7,!si8deli t/ in !se of !"sen e or ins,ffi ien ) of the e1 l,sive propert) of the de"tor8spo,se/ the p!)+ent of $hi h sh!ll "e onsidered !s !dv!n es to "e ded, ted fro+ the sh!re of the de"tor8spo,se ,pon li7,id!tion of the o++,nit)= !nd &1<' E1penses of liti*!tion "et$een the spo,ses ,nless the s,it is fo,nd to "e *ro,ndless. If the o++,nit) propert) is ins,ffi ient to over the fore*oin* li!"ilities/ e1 ept those f!llin* ,nder p!r!*r!ph &;'/ the spo,ses sh!ll "e solid!ril) li!"le for the ,np!id "!l!n e $ith their sep!r!te properties. &141!/ 14(!/ 140!/ (<(!8(<3!' Art. ;3. Wh!tever +!) "e lost d,rin* the +!rri!*e in !n) *!+e of h!n e/ "ettin*/ s$eepst!#es/ or !n) other #ind of *!+"lin*/ $hether per+itted or prohi"ited ") l!$/ sh!ll "e "orne ") the loser !nd sh!ll not "e h!r*ed to the o++,nit) ",t !n) $innin*s therefro+ sh!ll for+ p!rt of the o++,nit) propert). &142!'

$ection 1. &2nership3 Administrati0e3En4o/ment and )isposition of the Communit/ %ropert/ Art. ;4. The !d+inistr!tion !nd en5o)+ent of the o++,nit) propert) sh!ll "elon* to "oth spo,ses 5ointl). In !se of dis!*ree+ent/ the h,s"!nd@s de ision sh!ll prev!il/ s,"5e t to re o,rse to the o,rt ") the $ife for proper re+ed)/ $hi h +,st "e !v!iled of $ithin five )e!rs fro+ the d!te of the ontr! t i+ple+entin* s, h de ision. In the event th!t one spo,se is in !p! it!ted or other$ise ,n!"le to p!rti ip!te in the !d+inistr!tion of the o++on properties/ the other spo,se +!) !ss,+e sole po$ers of !d+inistr!tion. These po$ers do not in l,de disposition or en ,+"r!n e $itho,t !,thorit) of the o,rt or the $ritten onsent of the other spo,se. In the !"sen e of s, h !,thorit) or onsent/ the disposition or en ,+"r!n e sh!ll "e void. Ho$ever/ the tr!ns! tion sh!ll "e onstr,ed !s ! ontin,in* offer on the p!rt of the onsentin* spo,se !nd the third person/ !nd +!) "e perfe ted !s ! "indin* ontr! t ,pon the ! ept!n e ") the other spo,se or !,thori.!tion ") the o,rt "efore the offer is $ithdr!$n ") either or "oth offerors. &(<4!' Art. ;6. Either spo,se +!) dispose ") $ill of his or her interest in the o++,nit) propert). &n' Art. ;9. Neither spo,se +!) don!te !n) o++,nit) propert) $itho,t the onsent of the other. Ho$ever/ either spo,se +!)/ $itho,t the onsent of the other/ +!#e +oder!te don!tions fro+ the o++,nit) propert) for h!rit) or on o !sions of f!+il) re5oi in* or f!+il) distress. &n' $ection 5. )isso#ution of A"so#ute Communit/ Regime Art. ;;. The !"sol,te o++,nit) ter+in!tesA &1' >pon the de!th of either spo,se= &(' When there is ! de ree of le*!l sep!r!tion= &0' When the +!rri!*e is !nn,lled or de l!red void= or &2' In !se of 5,di i!l sep!r!tion of propert) d,rin* the +!rri!*e ,nder Arti les 102 to 109. &163!' Art. 1<<. The sep!r!tion in f! t "et$een h,s"!nd !nd $ife sh!ll not !ffe t the re*i+e of !"sol,te o++,nit) e1 ept th!tA &1' The spo,se $ho le!ves the on5,*!l ho+e or ref,ses to live therein/ $itho,t 5,st !,se/ sh!ll not h!ve the ri*ht to "e s,pported= &(' When the onsent of one spo,se to !n) tr!ns! tion of the other is re7,ired ") l!$/ 5,di i!l !,thori.!tion sh!ll "e o"t!ined in ! s,++!r) pro eedin*= &0' In the !"sen e of s,ffi ient o++,nit) propert)/ the sep!r!te propert) of "oth spo,ses sh!ll "e solid!ril) li!"le for the s,pport of the f!+il). The spo,se present sh!ll/ ,pon proper petition in ! s,++!r) pro eedin*/ "e *iven 5,di i!l !,thorit) to !d+inister or en ,+"er !n) spe ifi sep!r!te propert) of the other spo,se !nd ,se the fr,its or pro eeds thereof to s!tisf) the l!tter@s sh!re. &169!' Art. 1<1. If ! spo,se $itho,t 5,st !,se !"!ndons the other or f!ils to o+pl) $ith his or her o"li*!tions to the f!+il)/ the !**rieved spo,se +!) petition the o,rt for re eivership/ for 5,di i!l sep!r!tion of propert) or for !,thorit) to "e the sole !d+inistr!tor of the !"sol,te o++,nit)/ s,"5e t to s, h pre !,tion!r) onditions !s the o,rt +!) i+pose. The o"li*!tions to the f!+il) +entioned in the pre edin* p!r!*r!ph refer to +!rit!l/ p!rent!l or propert) rel!tions. A spo,se is dee+ed to h!ve !"!ndoned the other $hen her or she h!s left the on5,*!l d$ellin* $itho,t intention of ret,rnin*. The spo,se $ho h!s left the on5,*!l d$ellin* for !

period of three +onths or h!s f!iled $ithin the s!+e period to *ive !n) infor+!tion !s to his or her $here!"o,ts sh!ll "e pri+! f! ie pres,+ed to h!ve no intention of ret,rnin* to the on5,*!l d$ellin*. &169!' $ection 6. Liquidation of the A"so#ute Communit/ Assets and Lia"i#ities Art. 1<(. >pon dissol,tion of the !"sol,te o++,nit) re*i+e/ the follo$in* pro ed,re sh!ll !ppl)A &1' An inventor) sh!ll "e prep!red/ listin* sep!r!tel) !ll the properties of the !"sol,te o++,nit) !nd the e1 l,sive properties of e! h spo,se. &(' The de"ts !nd o"li*!tions of the !"sol,te o++,nit) sh!ll "e p!id o,t of its !ssets. In !se of ins,ffi ien ) of s!id !ssets/ the spo,ses sh!ll "e solid!ril) li!"le for the ,np!id "!l!n e $ith their sep!r!te properties in ! ord!n e $ith the provisions of the se ond p!r!*r!ph of Arti le ;2. &0' Wh!tever re+!ins of the e1 l,sive properties of the spo,ses sh!ll there!fter "e delivered to e! h of the+. &2' The net re+!inder of the properties of the !"sol,te o++,nit) sh!ll onstit,te its net !ssets/ $hi h sh!ll "e divided e7,!ll) "et$een h,s"!nd !nd $ife/ ,nless ! different proportion or division $!s !*reed ,pon in the +!rri!*e settle+ents/ or ,nless there h!s "een ! vol,nt!r) $!iver of s, h sh!re provided in this Code. For p,rpose of o+p,tin* the net profits s,"5e t to forfeit,re in ! ord!n e $ith Arti les 20/ No. &(' !nd 40/ No. &('/ the s!id profits sh!ll "e the in re!se in v!l,e "et$een the +!r#et v!l,e of the o++,nit) propert) !t the ti+e of the ele"r!tion of the +!rri!*e !nd the +!r#et v!l,e !t the ti+e of its dissol,tion. &3' The pres,+ptive le*iti+es of the o++on hildren sh!ll "e delivered ,pon p!rtition/ in ! ord!n e $ith Arti le 31. &4' >nless other$ise !*reed ,pon ") the p!rties/ in the p!rtition of the properties/ the on5,*!l d$ellin* !nd the lot on $hi h it is sit,!ted sh!ll "e !d5,di !ted to the spo,se $ith $ho+ the +!5orit) of the o++on hildren hoose to re+!in. Children "elo$ the !*e of seven )e!rs !re dee+ed to h!ve hosen the +other/ ,nless the o,rt h!s de ided other$ise. In !se there in no s, h +!5orit)/ the o,rt sh!ll de ide/ t!#in* into onsider!tion the "est interests of s!id hildren. &n' Art. 1<0. >pon the ter+in!tion of the +!rri!*e ") de!th/ the o++,nit) propert) sh!ll "e li7,id!ted in the s!+e pro eedin* for the settle+ent of the est!te of the de e!sed. If no 5,di i!l settle+ent pro eedin* is instit,ted/ the s,rvivin* spo,se sh!ll li7,id!te the o++,nit) propert) either 5,di i!ll) or e1tr!85,di i!ll) $ithin si1 +onths fro+ the de!th of the de e!sed spo,se. If ,pon the l!pse of the si1 +onths period/ no li7,id!tion is +!de/ !n) disposition or en ,+"r!n e involvin* the o++,nit) propert) of the ter+in!ted +!rri!*e sh!ll "e void. Sho,ld the s,rvivin* spo,se ontr! t ! s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e $itho,t o+pli!n e $ith the fore*oin* re7,ire+ents/ ! +!nd!tor) re*i+e of o+plete sep!r!tion of propert) sh!ll *overn the propert) rel!tions of the s,"se7,ent +!rri!*e. &n' Art. 1<2. Whenever the li7,id!tion of the o++,nit) properties of t$o or +ore +!rri!*es ontr! ted ") the s!+e person "efore the effe tivit) of this Code is !rried o,t si+,lt!neo,sl)/ the respe tive !pit!l/ fr,its !nd in o+e of e! h o++,nit) sh!ll "e deter+ined ,pon s, h proof !s +!) "e onsidered ! ordin* to the r,les of eviden e. In !se of do,"t !s to $hi h o++,nit) the e1istin* properties "elon*/ the s!+e sh!ll "e divided "et$een the different o++,nities in proportion to the !pit!l !nd d,r!tion of e! h. &19;!'