ELEC 423 Powe Distribu 4 er ution Sys stem

Types of Distribution System s n ms

The fun nction of an electrical dis stribution syst tem is to del iver electrica energy from the transm al m mission substation or small ge ns enerating stat tion to each customer at su c uitable voltag The desig of a distrib ge. gn bution system is based on the loads that it supplies safely and with p permissible vo oltage regulat tion. The cho of oice a distribution system reflects a num r mber of factors such as ec conomic cons sideration, rel liability, flexi ibility and maint tenance. Since th project is connected wit the design of the power distribution system for industrial plan we he c th r n nt, have selec cted the most commonly used circuits for distributi t u ion. Many typ of arrang pes gement can us sually be classif fied as one of the followin basic type radial, pri f ng es: imary selectiv secondary selective, lo ve, y ooped primary and secondary network. A brief discus a y ssion of these basic circui arrangemen is given i the e it nts in following g.

2.5.1 Sim mple radial system s As show in fig. 2.2, there is only one primary feeder and one distributi transform [1]. The sy wn y y ion mer ystem has the lo owest investm ment and can be expanded easily. This system is co d ommonly used because it offers high reliability and saf flexible, st fe, table, and eas to operate and to maint sy tain. However the disadva r, antage of this sys stem is that th loss of cab primary supply or tran he ble, s nsformer will cut off the se ervice. In add dition, equipmen must shut down to reform routine mai nt d m intenance and serving. d

Fig.2.2: Si imple radial s system

2.5.2 Exp panded radial system Figure 2.3 shows an expanded rad system [1 This syste can be app 2 dial 1]. em plied to large loads by mea of ans of a radial primary distrib bution system to supply a number of u substation located nea the center o the m unit n ar pplying the lo through a radial secon oad ndary system A fault in o m. one-feeder results in loss o the of loads, sup load conn nected to that feeder only. The disadvan ntages of the system are th lack of co the ontinuity of se ervice and it is le flexible. ess

Fig.2.3: Exp panded radial system l

2.5.4 Primary loop system s p T me ntages Figure 2.5 shows a primary loop system [1]. This system o ffers the sam advantages and disadvan ry ystem. The failure of norm source o a primary cable fault can be isolated and f mal of as primar selective sy service re estored by se ectionalizing. However, finding a cab fault in the loop ma . f ble aybe difficult The t. quickest way to find a fault is to sec w ctionalize the loop and rec cluse, and may involve sev y veral re closin on ngs the fault. However, the system may be potential dangerous because the section may energized from e y lly s e ybe d both ends.

Fig.2.5: Primary Loop system

2.5.3 Primary selective syst tem h tion is connec cted to two s mary feeders through swit tching separate prim In this system each unit substat nt rce pon f source equipmen to provide a normal and alternate sour as shown in Fig. 2.4 up failure of the normal s the distrib bution transf former is sw witched to the alternate so e ource. Switc ching can be either manu or ual automatic but there wi be an interr c, ill ruption until load is transf ferred to the a alternate sourc ce.

mary selective system e Fig.2.4: Prim

2.5.5 Sec condary selective syst tem s station are co onnected thro ough a norma ally open sec condary tie c circuit breake the er, If pairs of unit subs result is secondary sele ective system If the prima feeder or transformer fails the main secondary c m. ary n circuit breaker on the affecte transforme is opened and the tie circuit break closed an one transf o ed er ker nd former supplies the total load. Since the fa occur ele t . ault ectrical engine who will design this ty of distrib eer ype bution network should take care that both transformers can carry th total loads when fault is established We s c h s he s d. will study this case of distribution network sin Qatar Ga Company uses this typ in its indu y n nce as pe ustrial plants. Tw varieties of the seconda selective system [1] are shown in Fi 2.6. wo o ary s e ig.

Fi 2.6: Secon ig. ndary Selectiv Systems ve

Referenc ce [1] Reco ommended Practice for Electric Pow Distribut P E wer tion for Indu ustrial Plants IEEE Std 14 s, d 1-1969. [2] Desi of an Ele ign ectrical Distr ribution Syst tems for an I Industrial Pl lant, Final y project, EE year , Department, Qatar University, 20 U 007.