LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSION

To answer the question from this topic, the students must acquire the following skills : Able to identify the angle between a line and a plane ( 1 Mark ) Able to calculate the angle between a line and a plane ( 3 Marks ). Able to identify the angle between two planes ( 1 Mark ). Able to calculate the angle between two planes ( 3 Marks )

EXAMPLE : T
5cm

W U S
8cm

Diagram shows a cuboid with P1 a horizontal rectangular base. Calculate the angle between V the planeTWR and the plane PSWT.
SOLUTION :

P Q

R
T/W S

8 Tan RWS = 5
W

At the back

K2
8 5

RWS = Tan

-1

5cm S 8cm R

= 580 N1

ACTIVITY 1 : TO IDENTIFY THE PLANE

H E F D A

C B

PLANE AT THE TOP :

PLANE EFGH

H E F D A

C B

PLANE ON THE LEFT : PLANE ADHE

H E F D A

C B

PLANE IN THE FRONT :

PLANE ABFE

H E F D A B

PLANE AT THE BACK :

PLANE DCGH

H E F D A B

PLANE AT THE BOTTOM:

PLANE ABCD

H E F D A B

PLANE ON THE RIGHT :

PLANE BCGF

THE LOCATION OF THE POINT

ON TOP OF THE RED DOT

TO THE RIGHT OF THE RED DOT

IN FRONT OF THE RED DOT

AT THE BACK OF THE RED DOT

ON THE TOP OF . TO THE LEFT OF .

AT THE BACK OF .

IN FRONT OF .

TO THE RIGHT OF .

AT THE BOTTOM OF .

ACTIVITY 2 : TO DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF A POINT

H E D A B F C G

POINT TO THE LEFT OF F POINT AT THE BOTTOM OF F POINT AT THE BACK OF F POINT TO THE RIGHT OF D POINT ON TOP OF D POINT IN FRONT OF D

: : : : : :

POINT E POINT B POINT G POINT C POINT H POINT A

ANGLE BETWEEN A LINE AND A PLANE

A
LINE

PLANE

Activity 3 :To Identify The Angle Between Line And Plane

Normal E D F C Orthogonal projection B

The line draw from G and perpendicular to the plane ABCD is call normal The line lies on the plane ABCD which joint the point A to the line GC is known as the orthogonal projection of line AG on the plane ABCD.

The angle between the line AG and the orthogonal projection, AC is the angle between the line AG and the plane ABCD that is GAC.

ACTIVITY 3 : To Identify The Angle Between A Line And A Plane Example 1a H

G

Normal C

E D

At the bottom

A Orthogonal projection

Name the angle between the line AG and the plane ABCD

Angle between the line AG and the plane ABCD =

GAC.

EXAMPLE 1(b)
H E D F C

A Diagram 1(b)

Diagram 1b shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the line HB and the plane ABCD.

ACTIVITY 4 : To find the angle between a line and a plane

Example 2(a)

H E

12cm

G 5cm F
5cm

C
4cm

Diagram 2a

Diagram 2(a) shows a cuboid, ABCDEFG. Find the angle between the line AH and the plane DCGH.

No

Steps

Solutions

1. Draw the line AH and

shade the plan DCGH in diagram 2a.
E
D

12cm

G 5cm
F

C 4cm B

Diagram 2a

Diagram 2a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFG. Find the angle between the line AH and the plane DCGH.

No 2

Steeps
Use the method you have learned in activity 3, identify the angle between the line AH and the plane DCGH

Solutions

A
back

12cm

G 5cm

F C 4cm

No 3

Steps
Refer to the points you have obtained in steep 2 (point A, H, D), complete the AHD. Mark AHD. Mark the right angle, HDA. Transfer out the AHD.
H

Solutions
H

12cm 5cm

D
E D 4cm A B F

No 4

Steps
With the information given in the question, label the length of the sides of AHD. At least the length for 2 sides must be known. Use Pythegoras Theorem if necessary.

Solutions

H E

12cm

G 5cm F

C 4cm

No 6

Steps
Mark, - the opposite side, AD asT - the adjacent side, HD as S

Solutions
H

5 cm

4 cm T

12cm

G 5cm

F C 4cm

No

Steps
Use the tangent formula to calculate AHD. Remember, use -The sine formula, if O and H were known O - SOH
S H

Solutions
4 Tan AHD = 5 4 AHD = tan -1 5

AHD = 38040

- The cosine formula, if A and H were known

C A

CAH
E

12cm G F 5cm

-The tangent formula, if O and A were known O T TOA

A

C
4cm

example 2 (b)
H E 12 cm F G

4 cm

D A Diagram 2b

C 3 cm B

Diagram 2b shows a cuboid,ABCDEFGH. Calculate the angle between the line HB and the plane BCGF

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

EXAMPLE 3(a) H E F D A B Diagram 3a C G

1. DRAW 3 LINES

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane AGH and the plane ABCD

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

E D

F C Bottom

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

2. Mark the location (direction) of the plane ABCD at the bottom of the first line to the left.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

A
E D F C Bottom

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

3. Refer to the plane, AGH, identify the points which touch the plane, ABCD and write it at the middle line.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

H/G
E D F C Bottom

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

3. Refer to the plane, AGH, identify the point which does not touch the plane, ABCD and write it at the first line to the left.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

H/G
Bottom

E D

F C

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

5. Between the point H and G, point which is nearer to point A or located on the same plane as point A will be choosen. Point which is not choosen will be earased.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

A
Ke Bawah

E D

F C

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

5. Between the point H and G, point which is nearer to point A or located on the same plane as point A will be choosen. Point which is not choosen will be earased.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

H
Bottom

E D

F C

A Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

6. Identify the point which is located at the bottom of the point H ( )and write it on the first line to the right.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

E D F C

H
Bottom

A Diagram 3a

7. In the diagram 3a, complete the HAD and mark the HAD

Angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

= HAD

EXAMPLE 3(b)
H E D A Diagram 3b 12cm G 5cm F C 4cm

Diagram 3b shows a cuboid with horizontal rectangle base ABCD. Name the angle between the plane ACH and the plane CDHG

THANK YOU