R3.
2 SL [32 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which is the product when but-1-yne reacts with excess hydrogen gas?
A. But-1-ene
B. Butane
C. But-2-ene
D. No reaction [1]
Markscheme
2. [Maximum mark: 1]
A reactivity series of selected elements, arranged from highest activity to
lowest, is shown.
Zn
Fe
Cd
Co
Ni
Sn
Pb
Cu
Which reaction is spontaneous?
A. Cd2+ (aq) + Pb (s) → Pb2+ (aq) + Cd (s)
B. Fe2+ (aq) + Sn (s) → Sn2+ (aq) + Fe (s)
C. Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s) → Cu2+ (aq) + Zn (s)
[1]
D. Ni2+ (aq) + Co (s) → Co2+ (aq) + Ni (s)
Markscheme
3. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which alcohol and conditions would produce the highest yield of
methylpropanoic acid?
[1]
Markscheme
4. [Maximum mark: 1]
In which compound does sulfur have an oxidation state of +4?
A. H2S
B. SO3
C. H2SO3
D. H2SO4
[1]
Markscheme
5. [Maximum mark: 1]
Magnesium displaces silver from aqueous silver nitrate.
What is the correct description of the silver electrode in the cell shown?
[1]
Markscheme
6. [Maximum mark: 1]
What are the products of the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide,
Al2O3 (l)?
[1]
Markscheme
7. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which compound can be reduced to produce butanal?
A. Butanoic acid
B. Butan-1-ol
C. Butanone
D. Butan-2-ol [1]
Markscheme
A
8. [Maximum mark: 1]
In which reaction does H2 act as an oxidizing agent?
A. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
B. 2Na (s) + H2 (g) → 2NaH (s)
C. Cl2 (g) + H2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
D. H2CCH2 (g) + H2 (g) → H3CCH3 (g) [1]
Markscheme
9. [Maximum mark: 1]
A voltaic cell is constructed from half-cells containing metals X and Z as
electrodes. Z is the more reactive metal. What will occur when this cell
produces electricity?
A. Positive ions flow through the salt bridge to Z half-cell.
B. Electrons flow from X half-cell to Z half-cell.
C. The concentration of X2+ increases.
D. Mass of electrode Z decreases. [1]
Markscheme
10. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which statement is correct for a voltaic cell?
A. Reduction occurs at the negative electrode.
B. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.
C. The anode is the positive electrode.
D. Reduction occurs at the cathode. [1]
Markscheme
11. [Maximum mark: 1]
In which pair of species does Br have the same oxidation state?
A. BrO4− and HBrO3
B. HBr and Br2O
C. HBrO2 and Br−
[1]
D. BrO− and Br2O
Markscheme
12. [Maximum mark: 1]
In which compound does vanadium have an oxidation state of +4?
A. V (NO3)2
B. V (SO4)2
C. V3 (PO4)5
D. V3 (PO4)2
[1]
Markscheme
13. [Maximum mark: 1]
What occurs during the operation of the voltaic cell Cu | Cu2+ || Ag+ | Ag?
I. The blue colour of the Cu2+(aq) solution will fade.
II. NO3−(aq) ions in the salt bridge will migrate toward the copper
electrode.
III. The mass of the silver electrode will increase.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
[1]
D. I, II and III
Markscheme
14. [Maximum mark: 8]
A student investigated the effect of storage time on the iron (II) content of raw
spinach using a titration with 0.01M KMnO4 in acid medium.
The equation is:
5Fe+2 (aq) + MnO4− (aq) + 8H+ (aq) → 5Fe+3 (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)
The student acquired the spinach and stored it in the dark in a sealed bag at room
temperature. She tested the initial Fe(II) content (Day 1) on 3 samples of 2.0 g each
and then each day until day 5. The spinach leaves were roughly torn in pieces and
placed in a flask with water for 5 minutes and titrated.
(a) The student reported the volumes of titrant used per trial for
samples collected each day in the following table:
(a.i) The candidate used a 25 cm3 burette with an uncertainty of ±0.05
cm3. Comment on the uncertainty recorded for the titrant
volumes. [1]
Markscheme
Incorrect AND two readings, uncertainty is ±0.1 ✔
(a.ii) Calculate the initial % content of Fe2+ in the raw spinach, showing
your working. [3]
Markscheme
«mol» MnO4− «=0.00339 × 0.01» = 3.38 × 10−5 «mol» ✓
«mol MnO4−: mol Fe+2 = 1:5»
«mol» Fe2+ = 1.95 × 10−4 ✓
% Fe2+ «= 1.95 × 10−4 × 55.8 × 100/2.0»= 0.47«%» ✓
Must show working for the marks.
(c.i) The titration of Fe(II) with MnO4 in acid medium is a redox reaction.
State the oxidised and reduced species, including their change in
oxidation states.
Oxidised: ........................................................................................................................................
Reduced: ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
Markscheme
Oxidised: Fe+2 → Fe+3 ✔
Reduced: Mn7+ → Mn2+ ✔
(c.ii) Spinach contains a large amount of antioxidant compounds,
including ascorbic acid and oxalic acid. Predict how this will affect
the accuracy of the results, mentioning the type and direction of
the error. [2]
Markscheme
systematic error AND lower accuracy ✔
overestimation of [Fe(II)] ✔
15. [Maximum mark: 2]
State the oxidation state of C2 in the reactant and product in the following
reaction and the type of the reaction.
Reactant: ..............................................................................................................................................
Product: ................................................................................................................................................
Type of reaction:
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
Markscheme
Reactant: 0
AND
Product: −2 ✔
Mechanism: reduction/hydrogenation ✔
16. [Maximum mark: 4]
Iron(II) sulfide can be produced by heating powdered iron and sulfur together.
(c) A student hypothesised that iron(II) sulfide is ionic and therefore
can be converted back to iron and sulfur by electrolysis of the
molten salt, using inert electrodes.
(c.i) Annotate the electrolytic cell with the terms anode and cathode,
and show the direction of ion movement.
[2]
Markscheme
left electrode: anode
AND
right electrode: cathode ✔
S2− to left electrode AND Fe2+ to right electrode ✔
Do not apply ECF.
Award 1 mark for any 2 correct of the 4
(c.ii) Write half-equations for the reaction occurring at each electrode.
[2]
Markscheme
Negative electrode:
Fe2+ + 2e− → Fe ✔
Positive electrode:
S2− → S + 2e− ✔
Award [1 max] for correct equations at wrong electrodes.
Do not accept reverse equations.
Penalize equilibrium arrows once only
17. [Maximum mark: 2]
The rate of reaction between solutions of iron(III) nitrate and sodium thiosulfate
can be measured using the time it takes for the colour to change.
(a) The first step in the reaction produces an unstable dark violet ion.
Fe3+ (aq) + 2S2O32− (aq) → Fe(S2O3)2− (aq)
(a.ii) The reaction continues until the violet colour disappears. The
thiosulfate ion, S2O32−, is oxidized to SO2, and Fe3+ is reduced to
Fe2+.
Deduce the oxidation half-equation, and the overall redox
equation for this second step of the reaction.
[2]
Markscheme
Oxidation half-equation:
S2O32− + H2O → 2SO2 + 2H+ + 4e− ✔
Overall redox equation:
S2O32− + 4Fe3+ + H2O → 2SO2 + 4Fe2+ + 2H+ ✔
Allow ECF for M2
18. [Maximum mark: 3]
The Winkler Method is used to find the concentration of oxygen in water.
200 cm3 of water was taken from a river and analysed using this method. The
reactions taking place are summarized.
Step 1: 2Mn2+ (aq) + 4OH− (aq) + O2 (aq) → 2MnO2 (s) + 2H2O (l)
Step 2: MnO2 (s) + 2I− (aq) + 4H+ (aq) → Mn2+ (aq) + I2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Step 3: 2S2O32− (aq) + I2 (aq) → S4O62− (aq) + 2I− (aq)
(a) Identify, with a reason, the species which is reduced in step 1. [1]
Markscheme
oxygen/O2 AND gains electrons
OR
oxygen/O2 AND oxidation state decreases/changes from 0 to −2 ✓
(b) 4.8 × 10−3 moles of I− were formed in step 3. Determine the
number of moles of O2 in the water sample. [1]
Markscheme
«n(O2) = ¼ n(I−) =» 1.2 × 10−3 «mol» ✓
(c) Calculate the concentration of oxygen, in g dm−3, in the water
sample. If you did not obtain an answer in (b), use 2.0 × 10−3 mol
although this is not the correct answer. [1]
Markscheme
−3
»= 0.19 «g dm−3» ✓
1.2×10 ×32.00
« −3
200×10
Award [1] for 0.32 «g dm−3» if 2.0 x 10−3 mol was used.
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2025
