EARTH is made up of three parts

namely water, soil and air.

 SOIL – is very important natural resource on earth

that
is made up of tiny particles of rocks and decayed
plants and animals.
 WATER – comprises ¾ or 75% of the earth. It
mostly
come from seas and oceans. Other sources of water come from
underground sources that is potable for drinking.
ATMOSPHERE – is a
blanket of air that
surrounds earth.
SOIL
 The upper layer of the earth’s surface is
called soil.
 It is important for the growth of plants.
 We grow vegetables, fruits and other
plants in the soil.
TYPES OF SOIL

LACY CLAY

NASD SAND

OALM LOAM
Some soils are good for
planting while others are
not. The presence of the
different kinds of
vegetative plants in a place
is an evidence of a good
quality of soil in the area or
locality.
How soil is formed?
 Soilis formed by breaking up of
rocks into tiny pieces.
Physical Characteristics of
Soil

Color
Texture
Odor
Ability to hold water
Most of the soils contain
Coarse particles of gravel and small
pieces of stones.
Sand particles
Clay
Moisture
Humus
Types of Soil
 CLAY

* Particles are packed together tightly.

* It is sticky when wet and has the finest
texture
* It is bad for growing things because it has no
drainage where water tends to escape.
* Broccoli and cabbages are likely to thrive in
this soil.
Clay is also use for making
pots.
 LOAM
LOAM
* It is a mixture of sand and clay.
* It contains large amount of decaying
plants and animals.
* It has a fine texture.
* It holds water well because of the heavy
grittiness given from the sand with good
drainage.
 SAND

* Particles are coarse and loose.

* It is usually made up of granules of mineral
and rock which has large spaces between its
particles.
* It is the driest among the different types of
soil.
* Carrots, aloe vera, cactus, and oregano grow
well in sandy soil.
1. Type of soil which is found
nearby the sea.
2. Contains large amount of
decaying materials.
3. Good for making pots.
4. Particles are coarse and
loose
5. It is a mixture of sand and
clay.
1. 2.

4. Types of Soil

3.
TOPSOIL
 A – Horizon
 The uppermost layer of the soil
 Rich with organic materials called
humus
 The soil’s dark color is an indication ORGANIC LAYER
of the presence of humus.
 Several types of plants can be seen
growing on this layer.
TOPSOIL
SUB-SOIL
 B – Horizon
 Located just below the topsoil
 Composed of loosely arranged rocks,
sand, and clay
 Very rich with minerals that drain
from topsoil
 When the topsoil is washed out, the
subsoil alone cannot support plant
life.
SUBSOIL
PARENT ROCK
 C – Horizon
 Composed of rocks that are slowly
breaking apart.
 It is exposed to very little weathering.
 It does not contain necessary nutrients
and water needed for plant growth.

PARENT ROCK
 BEDROCK
D – Horizon
•The lowest of the soil
layers
•Made up of undisturbed
large boulders and
gravel.
•Contains materials
good for constructing
buildings and making
roads.
•No plant can survive in BEDROCK
this layer.
Label the layers.
Choose your
answer below.

BEDROCK
TOPSOIL
PARENT ROCK
ORGANIC LAYER
SUB-SOIL