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Indian Soil Types for Agriculture

The document describes the key characteristics of six major soil types found in India: alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, forest soils, and arid soils. Alluvial soil is formed by sediment deposition along rivers and contains nutrients. Black soil, also called Regur soil, forms from volcanic rock weathering and retains moisture well. Red and yellow soils develop from weathered rocks in dry areas. Laterite soil forms in hot, wet areas and lacks fertility. Forest soils are found on hillsides covered by trees and contain organic matter. Arid soils are low in nutrients and moisture due to low rainfall.

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122 views2 pages

Indian Soil Types for Agriculture

The document describes the key characteristics of six major soil types found in India: alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, forest soils, and arid soils. Alluvial soil is formed by sediment deposition along rivers and contains nutrients. Black soil, also called Regur soil, forms from volcanic rock weathering and retains moisture well. Red and yellow soils develop from weathered rocks in dry areas. Laterite soil forms in hot, wet areas and lacks fertility. Forest soils are found on hillsides covered by trees and contain organic matter. Arid soils are low in nutrients and moisture due to low rainfall.

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kk
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ALLUVIAL SOIL BLACK SOIL

● formed by the deposition of sediments ● also called the Regur Soil or the Black
● found mostly in the Northern Plains Cotton Soil.
and Coastal Plains of India. ● formed from the weathering of the
● Fine particles of sand, silt and clay are igneous rocks.
called alluvium. ● found in the Deccan Trap
● Old alluvium-bangar ● has high concentration of fine
New alluvium-khadar particles and thus can hold moisture
● has an adequate proportion of potash, for a long time.
phosphoric acid and lime. ● contains calcium carbonate,
● ideal for the growth of sugarcane, potassium, magnesium and lime.
paddy, wheat. ● poor in phosphoric contents.
● intensively cultivated and are densely
populated areas.

RED & YELLOW SOIL LATERITE SOIL

● derived from the weathering of the ● derived from a Latin word called
igneous and metamorphic rocks. "Later" which means Brick.
● Yellow- when in hydrated form ● Present in areas with high
● Red- diffusion of iron temperature and rainfall.
● found in the areas of low rainfall. ● This causes leaching of the soil and
● found in the parts of Odisha, microorganisms are killed during the
Chhattisgarh Ganga plains. process.
● mainly found in Kerala, Karnataka
● Due to intensive leaching, the laterite
soil generally lacks fertility and is of
low value for crop production.
● timely irrigated, the soil is suitable for
producing crops like tea and coffee.

FOREST SOILS ARID SOILS

● generally found on the hill slopes ● found mostly in the arid and semi-arid
covered with forests. regions receiving less than 50 cm of
● found in the Himalayan region annual rainfall.
● Soil is loamy and silty in valley sides ● Soil colour ranges from red to brown
and coarse grained in the upper ● Sandy in texture and saline in nature.
slopes. ● lacks in humus and moisture
● rich in humus, but poor in potash, ● the lower layer of the soil is occupied
phosphorus and lime. by Kankar because of increasing
● suitable for producing plantation crops calcium content downwards.
such as tea and coffee. ● mostly found in Rajasthan and the
adjoining areas of Haryana and
Punjab.

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