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100 ?
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800=4200 .

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" 805

- 50-100 .Variable-
4 ,J 12 - D (Diversity , V,
J D(.
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stop codon -
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) (

,B .
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B
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.
B
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" B . B

B )
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3 :

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- ) IgM IgA ,IgG " IgM


(. )
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23

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24

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. IgG ,
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+ .

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26

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) (
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IgM 5- ) IgG ( , 10
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.IgG-

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27

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56C- ,

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IgM : B
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28

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IgA ) , ,
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IgE . " )
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IgD , ,B .
.

28

29

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) =(Isotypes ,
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30

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)=( .
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.Fc-

IgG :
IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3 .IgG-4-
:
IgG-1 .IgGs-
IgG-3- t1/2- .
IgG-4 , IgG-3
.
30

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IgG-1 IgG-3- ,
Fc- "
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,IgG-3 .

Class Switching

) J, V (D- ) , '(.
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IgM . class switching -
constant IgG-1 ) , (,
class switching- constant- IgG-3'.
" , ) ,
, '( , - ) IgG
,Fc '(

31

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class switching- T-helpers


B DNA- - .
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= , Fc- ,
IgE : Fc- ,MAST IgG- Fc-
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= , ,
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- , -
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33

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24-48- .
.IgM
-IgM .IgG
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IgM : ) 24-48( ,IgG-
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.
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33

34

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.
)= (
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36

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(1) : )
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, ,
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IgM ) IgG (
ELISA , ,
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FACS

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(FACS (Fluoresence Activated Cell Sorter-
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B'( .

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39

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. ,
) ( .
FACS
.
) (
) (.
T-killer
.
=) Ex-Vivo (.

39

40

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5
: - , , , NK

,
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, .
)
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:

B . ,
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.
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41

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B -
.

B , T
.
.
.
T ConA.PHA-
) B ( ) LPS ,
,B B
(.
PWM B ,T .

)(Complement

.
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, , .

41

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.
- )
(.


Fc .
IgM . 5
.Fc Fc -
, .

-
.

- :
C1 C4 C1. C4-
C2 C4-
C1 C2 - C3 C2+C4 - C3
C3/C5
, , .
C2+C4+C3 C5 C5
C6 C7 - C5+C6+C7 C8
C9
.

":
42

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuhbRKFpqZc

Complement Receptor
C3 )=(.
) Fc- Fc-
(.
C5+C6+C7 )= (.
C3 .

, . -
.
, .
-
) (.

+ , .
, .

43

44

:
:

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)= :(Immature

).(White Pulpe-


Mature
.
B T
) (
.
- .

) , IgA- ,
( , ,
-
.

44

45

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T T-killer- "
, T .(T-killer (=Natural Killers=NK

(NK (=Natural Killers

.T-killer .
.
,
) .(NK

NK
: "
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NK Fc (
(.

.
NK ?
- , ,
.
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45

46

:
:

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)
(.

MHC .NK NK MHC -


NK MHC - .
" " MHC- MHC-
NK NK .
?
MHC NK NK
.

:NK
NK- : , Granzymes-
.

46

47

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:

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47

48

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6
: ) ,(MHC= Major Histocompatability Complex

MHC- ,
) T (.
, T .
: , ,
'.

MHC
MHC , MHC .
MHC - ,
.
MHC =) Crossing-Over ,
( Gene Conversion , .MHC-
:MHC

-MHC Class I .
) , , MHC
( , MHC-1 .
T ,
, ) ,
( T , )
(.
48

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-MHC Class II ,
, .
, ,
) ( .
.MHC-2
"
- .

MHC Class I

MHC-1- ) - (,
A, B :) C- (.
" - ) ( ,
) , (
MHC-1.
- 6 MHC-1- )
(.
- ,MHC-1 )=(.

49

50

:
:

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MHC-1- :
.
.
.
,
) (.
- , MHC- .
, .
- .
MHC--
1 T -
T ,
.
- ,
.
MHC ) 6(
MHC - .
50

51

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,
, .

) MHC-1
( , ) B
MHC- , (.

:MHC
-.
" .
ER. -
, ) ( -
. MHC- .

MHC .
MHC ER- MHC
, ) ( -
ER " -.
51

52

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. ,
MHC-" -
.
- T ,
. - T .MHC-1 Restricted
- ,
.
- MHC- ,
, )
(.

MHC HLA
,T HLA- HLA
T-killer ) A1 .(A1 , HLA ) A2)
.

" ,HLA T-killer .

MHC Class II

52

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. , .
MHC-2- A, B ,C- .DP, DQ, DR
: .

3 ," 6 ,
,MHC-1 .
:MHC-2-
MHC-2 ,ER- ) -
.(MHC-1 ER- ) ( .
)( "
.MHC-2
- MHC-2-
) (
MHC-2- - .T

53

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- :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8JMVq7HF2Y

.
, )=.(CD
.
- . - B
.
) SIgM .(IgM , B - SIgM
, .
" SIgM
.

SIgM B
SIgM- B .B
) EBV- ( .B EBV
.B
,CD16 , ,Fc- ) (
.
54

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B . B
" .MHC-2
:

-(T (T Dependent "


) MHC-2 B ,
( T-helper T
,(TCR (T Cells Receptor
.
T-helper
B .
- B ) (,
B.
T Dependent " ) ( ,
) - ( .

-(T (T Independent ,B ,
.T
" ,
) B ,
B , (T

55

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:

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, .T Dependent-
B .
?
T-killer

T-killer , - )
(.
T-killer ) , " ,(
, ?
.
: ) "(
. ,
.

56

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7+8
: T

T ) ,(B
.
) (.
, MHC
.

(TCR (T Cell Receptor

, " ) MHC
, .(B
2 : .
,
" .
, " TCR
) ,"
(.

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,CD-3 .T
CD-3 :

TCR ER- ,
.

-.

) (B T )=( ,
, ) (.
- T MHC - .
T . " MHC . .
- TCR ,T
:MHC

MHC - ,MHC
TCR- -.

CD-2 -LFA-1- " ,T


) LFA-3, CD-58, ICAM-1, ICAM-2 (
MHC .TCR- MHC TCR- MHC-
.

58

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:

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CD-4CD-8-

)
MHC- , (.
CD-4 , " T-helper
CD-4+ (TH1 (TH2- .MHC-2
T-helper )-
,B (.
CD-8 " T-killer ,(CD-8+ (Tc=Tk
.MHC-1 T-killer .

- " TCR
MHC" CD-4 CD-8

T , .
) T-helper T-killer CD-4 (CD-8 MHC- )
MHC-1 (MHC-2 " .MHC-
T , :

MHC.

) (.
59

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T
.
, .

=Priming T ,
" .
Priming- T " )
(CoStimulation Clonal Expansion of Naive T
Cells .

T ) MHC-1 , -
" ,MHC- -
? ?( =) Professinal ,B
( , : ) co-Stimular B7+
(CD-28 Professionals .MHC-

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B7+CD28 ) Inhibition of T-cells Responses-


(.

=Anergy T-killer " )


( . ) ( T
) ( .

CD-8

CD-8 :

- " MHC-1 B7+CD28


Priming- :CD-8 CD-8 ,IL-2

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) IL-2 - ( CD-8
.

-CD4" CD-4
.CD-8
CD-4 CD-4
.
- Priming- :CD-8-
CD-8 ,IL-2 IL-2
.

CD-8 :
.

CD-8 :
) , (
. )
( .

62

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, .
T-killer CD-8+
.
CD-4 CD-8 .

CD-4

CD-4 " MHC-2 IL-


2 T-helper . :

-T-helper 1 ,
.T-killer

-T-helper 2
.B

) , (
, , , "
.
" .
, T-helper ,
" .

63

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:

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" T-killer T-helper )


T .(B
,
.
) ,
(.
.
- ,
.
: , ,
.

" MHC-2
. - ) T MHC
TCR) - " T , TCR-.

64

65

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:

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T , ,
) (
.

65

66

:
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9+10
: ) ;(Vaccination

= ,
, .
:

- ,
) ,( , ."
. , A'.
) (IgG-
.

- )
( . - .
:
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/ - .

/ ) , ( -
.

/ -

) 37C- 21 (
) ( .
.
66

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:
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HA : .NA-
"
. HA NA- .
HA "
?
HA ,
HA- .
NA .
o

/ - ) B
( ,S )(

.
DNA- , .S
S (HBSAg (Hepititis B Surface Antigen
)( .B
)= ,(Subunit Vaxin )
( ) (.
, MHC
) 1 (2 S
.
,
, ,
.
o

-
, .DNA

67

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)
( , ".
, .
, , .
Surface ,

, .
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)
( .
, ,
.
, , , 10- .
6- -
10-,
, .

-Variolation .
,
. - ; -
, , .
68

69

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19- ' .
,
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,
.
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.
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) ( ,
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100- ,
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69

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, .
) ( )(.

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( , .
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1890 .
, .
, , .Antobodies
__

20-" .
, .
)=
( .
) (
.
) T ,B- ( ,
.

70

71

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" .

"

) , (.
" ,
) (.

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.
: ,
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. T-killer
.MHC-1 , , ,
.
: ,T-helper
.T-killer
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71

72

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70- ,
.
__

) B .(1982
, ,T-helper B
, .
B - ,B
T-helper " ,B
, B
.
__

)(Conjugate
.
) ( .
, " MHC-2 B , T-helper
B .
, , )-
( .
.
) ,( . B
+ " MHC-2 )( .
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03-10/03/11

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03-10/03/11

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03-10/03/11


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03-10/03/11

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03-10/03/11

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03-10/03/11

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101

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