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Introduction to Semiconductors
Introduction to Semiconductors
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Introduction to Semiconductors
Intended Audience:
Engineers with little or no semiconductor background A basic understanding of electricity is assumed
Topics Covered:
What is a semiconductor? What is a diode? What is a bipolar transistor? What is a MOSFET transistor?
Expected Time:
Approximately 1 Hour
Introduction to Semiconductors
What is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Sharing Electrons
Many atoms (including silicon) like to have EIGHT electrons in their outer orbit But, silicon only has FOUR outer electrons
Semiconductor Silicon
A conductor is a material which conducts electricity easily (such as metals) An insulator is a material which is a very poor conductor of electricity (such as glass) A semiconductor (silicon) is a material which acts like an insulator, but behaves like a conductor when it is combined with other materials
Introduction to Semiconductors
What is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
+5
+5
Boron
+3
+3
Introduction to Semiconductors
What is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
Negative
Positive
Negative
Positive
"Built In Voltage" ~ 0.7V 0.0V 0.1V 0.2V 0.3V 0.4V 0.5V 0.6V
P
"Built In Voltage" ~ 0.0V
0.7V
~0.7
Voltage (V)
Negative
Positive
Negative
Positive
1.0V
Negative
Positive
Current (I)
Positive
Actual
Voltage (V)
Current (I)
Introduction to Semiconductors
What Is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
Negative
Positive
Positive
N
Base (of operations, i.e. the control center)
Positive Negative
P
Negative Positive
N
Emitter (will emit electrons)
N
Positive Negative
VCE
Reverse Biased No Current Flows
P
Negative Positive
N
Emitter
N
VBase > VEmitter
Base
Positive Negative
VCE
P
Negative Positive
VBE
N
Emitter
Collector
N
Positive Negative
VCE
P
Negative Positive
VBE
Current Flows
N
Emitter
N
Base (of operations, i.e. the control center)
Positive Negative
B
E
P
Negative Positive
N
Emitter (will emit electrons)
Introduction to Semiconductors
What Is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
True of False:
The transistor was first conceived and patented by W.Shockley, J.Bardeen, and W.Brattain at Bell Labs in the late 1940s
FALSE!
The concept of a field effect transistor was first developed and patented by J.Lilienfeld in Canada and the United States in the years 1924-1928.
In fact, the Bell Labs engineers first patent was written to reflect Lilienfelds prior work.
SiO2
N-Type Si N-Type Si
SiO2
N-Type Si N-Type Si
SiO2
N-Type Si N-Type Si
Gate
Source
Drain
SiO2
N-Type Si
N-Type Si
Back-to-Back Diodes
Source
Gate = 0V
Drain
SiO2
N-Type Si
N-Type Si
SiO2
N-Type Si
N-Type Si
Source
Gate > 0V
Drain
SiO2
N-Type Si
N-Type Si
Source
Gate > 0V
Drain
SiO2
N-Type Si
N-Type Si
Introduction to Semiconductors
What Is a Semiconductor? What is a N-Type and a P-Type Semiconductor? What is a Diode? What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)? What is a Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)?
Introduction to Semiconductors
C B G
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