RESEARCH DESIGN

Click to edit Master subtitle style MBA 2nd SEM B (GROUP LEADER) Neelu Rai(%) Neetu M Sunny(%) Nikita Bhandari Niharika Khasgiwala

8/29/12

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research designs are plans and the procedures for research that span the decisions from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection and analysis. This plan involves several decisions, and they need not be taken in the order in which they make sense
8/29/12

to me and the order of their

VARIABLES

Variable refers to an event , act, characteristic, trait or attribute that can be measured and to which we assign numericals or values; it is the property being study. The numerical value to be assingned to a variable depends on the variables properties For example: two value like 0 and 1, male and female, employed and unemployed etc. 8/29/12

TYPES OF VARIABLES

Dependent and Independent Variables

Usually you have a good idea of the question you want to answer. That question defines the main variables to measure. For example, if you are interested in enhancing sprint performance, your dependent variable (or outcome variable) is automatically some measure of sprint 8/29/12

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive Design: Descriptive research designs help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a particular research problem; a descriptive study cannot conclusively ascertain answers to why. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena and 8/29/12 to describe "what exists" with

Exploratory Design Definition and Purpose An exploratory design is conducted about a research problem when there are few or no earlier studies to refer to. The focus is on gaining insights and familiarity for later investigation or undertaken when problems are in a preliminary stage of investigation.
8/29/12

Experimental Design

A blueprint of the procedure that enables the researcher to maintain control over all factors that may affect the result of an experiment. In doing this, the researcher attempts to determine or predict what may occur. Experimental Research is often used where there is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect), there is consistency in a 8/29/12 causal relationship (a cause will

Quantitative research

In quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive (subjects usually measured once) or experimental (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A descriptive study 8/29/12 establishes only associations

Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research describes an event in its natural setting. It is a subjective way to look at life as it is lived and an attempt to explain the studied behavior. Rather than design an experiment and artificially control the variables, qualitative researchers use 8/29/12 anthropological and ethnographic

Causal design

Causality studies may be thought of as understanding a phenomenon in terms of conditional statements in the form, If X, then Y This type of . research is used to measure what impact a specific change will have on existing norms and assumptions. Most social scientists seek causal explanations that reflect tests of hypotheses. Causal effect 8/29/12 (nomothetic perspective) occurs

Cohort design

Often used in the medical sciences, but also found in the applied social sciences, a cohort study generally refers to a study conducted over a period of time involving members of a population which the subject or representative member comes from, and who are united by some commonality or similarity. Using a quantitative framework, a cohort 8/29/12 study makes note of statistical

Cross-Sectional Design
Cross-sectional research designs have three distinctive features: no time dimension, a reliance on existing differences rather than change following intervention; and, groups are selected based on existing differences rather than random allocation. The cross-sectional design can only measure diffrerences between or from among a variety of people, subjects, or 8/29/12 phenomena rather than change. As

Historical Design

The purpose of a historical research design is to collect, verify, and synthesize evidence from the past to establish facts that defend or refute your hypothesis. It uses secondary sources and a variety of primary documentary evidence, such as, logs, diaries, official records, reports, archives, and non-textual information [maps, pictures, audio and visual 8/29/12 recordings]. The limitation is that the

Longitudinal Design

A longitudinal study follows the same sample over time and makes repeated observations. With longitudinal surveys, for example, the same group of people is interviewed at regular intervals, enabling researchers to track changes over time and to relate them to variables that might explain why the changes occur. Longitudinal 8/29/12 research designs describe patterns of

Observational Design

This type of research design draws a conclusion by comparing subjects against a control group, in cases where the researcher has no control over the experiment. There are two general types of observational designs. In direct observations, people know that you are watching them. Unobtrusive measures involve any method for studying behavior 8/29/12 where individuals do not know they

Effect of Research Design

The type of design you choose for your study has a major impact on the sample size. Descriptive studies need hundreds of subjects to give acceptable confidence intervals (or to ensure statistical significance) for small effects. Experiments generally need a lot less--often one-tenth as many--because it's easier to see changes within subjects than 8/29/12 differences between groups of

Effect of Validity and Reliability

The precision with which you measure things also has a major impact on sample size: the worse your measurements, the more subjects you need to lift the signal (the effect) out of the noise (the errors in measurement). Precision is expressed as validity and reliability. Validity represents how well a variable measures what it is 8/29/12 supposed to. Validity is important in

Research with existing data, or secondary analysis

Some sociologists conduct research by using data that other social scientists have already collected. The use of publicly accessible information is known as secondary analysis, and is most common in situations in which collecting new data is impractical or unnecessary. Sociologists may obtain statistical data for analysis from businesses, 8/29/12 academic institutions, and

Survey research

Survey research provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. It includes cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using questionnaires
8/29/12

or structured interviews for data

Modes of data Collection Telephone Mail Online survey Personal in-home survey Personal mall intercept survey

8/29/12

Selection of best reseach design

The degree of Formality Desired Purpose of the study Method of Data Collection Control of variables Time Dimention

8/29/12

Criteria for Good ResearchDesign

An ideal reseach design can be developed , if available resources such as time,manpower and money are considered before designing. An ideal design should be considered the following factors: Identifying the nature of problem under study Objective of the research
8/29/12

Method of obtaining information

Features of Good Design

Adaptable Reliability Adequate information Objectivity Clarity Control over extraneous variable

8/29/12