UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES

SUBMITTED BY Diksha Sharma 710/10 (100199008842) SUBMITTED TO ER. SUSHIL KUMAR SINGLA

GOVT. POLYTECNIC COLLEGE

BATHINDA
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UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES

THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL AND

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. IT DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION REQUIRED, AND IS NOT INTENDED TO BE USED FOR THE SPECIFICATION OR DESIGN OF UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS) OR UPS SYSTEMS.

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION POWER DISTURBANCES UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES GENERAL DISCUSSION SUMMARY REFERENCES QUESTIONS

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE WHAT IS AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY? WHY USE A UPS?

PURPOSE
THE PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION IS TO DISCUSS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES AVAILABLE, WHAT THE UPS PROTECTS AGAINST, THE COMPONENTS OF A UPS, AND ISSUES REGARDING SELECTION AND SIZING. THE DIFFERENT TYPES AND CAUSES OF POWER DISTURBANCES ARE DISCUSSED, AS WELL AS WHAT THE POWER UTILITY, THE ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER, AND YOU, CAN DO TO MINIMIZE THEIR EFFECT.

WHAT IS AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY?

AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) IS A DEVICE THAT

HAS AN ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ENERGY THAT CAN PROVIDE POWER WHEN THE PRIMARY POWER SOURCE IS TEMPORARILY DISABLED
THE SWITCHOVER TIME MUST BE SMALL ENOUGH TO NOT

CAUSE A DISRUPTION IN THE OPERATION OF THE LOADS

WHY USE A UPS?

PROTECTS AGAINST MULTIPLE TYPES OF POWER DISTURBANCES ONLY DEVICE THAT PROTECTS AGAINST AN OUTAGE OFFERS PROTECTION AGAINST

EQUIPMENT NOT OPERATING PROPERLY COMPUTER AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE DATA LOSS TIME AND EXPENSE TO RECOVER BACK TO WHERE YOU WERE, IF EVEN POSSIBLE

POWER DISTURBANCES
CAUSES TYPES DURATION RESULTING PROBLEMS COMMENTS WHAT THE POWER UTILITY CAN DO WHAT THE ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER (OEM) CAN

DO WHAT YOU CAN DO PROTECTIVE DEVICES

CAUSES OF POWER DISTURBANCES

STORM ACTIVITY LIGHTNING, WIND, ICE OBJECTS COMING IN CONTACT WITH POWER LINE AND

TRIPPING BREAKER TREE BRANCHES, ANIMALS, OTHER UTILITY FAULT CLEARING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY ACCIDENTS MOTOR VEHICLE, OTHER EQUIPMENT FAILURE OVERLOADING LOAD SWITCHING NON-LINEAR LOADS POOR GROUNDING ESD

TYPES OF POWER DISTURBANCES

INTERRUPTION SAG, UNDER VOLTAGE SURGE, OVER VOLTAGE VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION FREQUENCY VARIATION SPIKES / TRANSIENTS

IMPULSIVE OSCILLATORY DC OFFSET HARMONICS INTERHARMONICS NOTCHING NOISE

WAVEFORM DISTORTION

VOLTAGE IMBALANCE
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DURATION OF POWER DISTURBANCES

INSTANTANEOUS MOMENTARY TEMPORARY SUSTAINED

CYCLE (8 1/3 ms) OR LESS CYCLE TO 3 SEC 3 SEC TO 1 MIN GREATER THAN 1 MINUTE

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CLASSIFICATION OF PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM POWER DISTURBANCES

DISRUPTIVE

EQUIPMENT DOES NOT OPERATE AS INTENDED

DISSIPATIVE

EQUIPMENT EXPERIENCES REPEATED STRESSES THAT LEAD TO FAILURE LATER FOR NO APPARENT REASON

DESTRUCTIVE

EQUIPMENT FAILS AT THE INSTANT THE DISTURBANCE OCCURS

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PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM POWER DISTURBANCES

DATA ERRORS DATA LOSS BLOWN FUSES TRIPPED BREAKERS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTROL OF LOADS OVERLOADED NEUTRAL CONDUCTORS MOTORS

HEATING SPEED VARIATION STALLING AUDIBLE NOISE VIBRATION HEATING AUDIBLE NOISE VIBRATION

TRANSFORMERS

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POWER DISTURBANCES - COMMENTS

NOT ONLY IS MODERN EQUIPMENT MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO

POWER DISTURBANCES, BUT THE EQUIPMENT ITSELF GENERATES MORE DISTURBANCES

ALL LOADS, FROM LARGE POWERFULL MOTORS AND

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT TO SMALL, SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, ARE CONNECTED TO THE SAME POWER GRID

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WHAT THE POWER UTILITY CAN DO TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECT OF POWER DISTURBANCES
INSTALL STORM RESISTANT WIRING USE INFRA RED SCANNING TO DETECT WEAK SPOTS IN POWER

LINES INSTALL REMOTE CONTROLLED RADIO SWITCHES TO RESTORE POWER QUICKLY CLEAR TREE LIMBS AWAY FROM POWER LINES

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WHAT THE OEM CAN DO TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECT OF POWER DISTURBANCES

BUILD EQUIPMENT CONTAINING ONE OR MORE INTERNAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES LINE FILTERS ISOLATION TRANSFORMER BATTERY OR CAPACITOR BACK UP TO INCREASE RIDE THROUGH TIME

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WHAT YOU CAN DO TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECT OF POWER DISTURBANCES

BUY EQUIPMENT THAT HAS INTERNAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

FOR EXAMPLE, BATTERY BACK UP FOR ANY APPLIANCE THAT CONTAINS A CLOCK

USE ONE OR MORE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

SURGE PROTECTORS LINE FILTERS ISOLATION TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE REGULATING LINE CONDITIONER UPS

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PROTECTIVE DEVICES OTHER THAN UPS SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES SPDS

PROTECTS AGAINST SPIKES OF LIMITED ENERGY METAL OXIDE VARISTORS MOV DIODES GAS TUBES LCR FILTERS HYBRIDS

LINE FILTERS
FILTERS OUT HARMONICS, TRANSIENTS AND NOISE

ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
ELIMINATES DC OFFSET AND NOISE

VOLTAGE REGULATING LINE CONDITIONER

AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTS FOR UNDER AND OVER VOLTAGES CONSTANT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER - CVT MOTORIZED VARIAC

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POWER DISTURBANCES AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

POWER DISTURBANCE SURGE PROTECTOR PROTECTIVE DEVICE OFFER PROTECTION? LINE FILTER ISOLATION VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER REGULATING LINE CONDITIONER YES YES YES IMPULSIVE OSCILLATORY DC OFFSET HARMONICS INTERHARMONICS NOTCHING NOISE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES ON-LINE UPS

INTERRUPTION SAG, UNDER VOLTAGE SURGE, OVER VOLTAGE VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION FREQUENCY VARIATION SPIKES / TRANSIENTS

WAVEFORM DISTORTION

YES

VOLTAGE IMBALANCE

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

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UPS
ARCHITECTURES WAVEFORMS INVERTER TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS SWITCHOVER TIME ADVANTAGES / DIS-ADVANTAGES SIZING BATTERY SAFETY

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UPS ARCHITECTURES
LINE INTERACTIVE ON-LINE

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BLOCK DIAGRAM LINE INTERACTIVE UPS

AC SUPPLY BATTERY CHARGER INVERTER DC TO AC AUTOMATIC SWITCH CRITICAL LOAD (AC)

BATTERY

AC FAIL

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BLOCK DIAGRAM ON-LINE UPS

AC SUPPLY CONVERTER AC TO DC INVERTER DC TO AC AUTOMATIC SWITCH CRITICAL LOAD (AC)

BATTERY

INVERTER FAIL

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BLOCK DIAGRAM LAPTOP COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY

AC SUPPLY CONVERTER AC TO DC CONVERTER DC TO DC CRITICAL LOAD (DC)

BATTERY

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UPS WAVEFORMS
TRUE SINEWAVE MODIFIED SINEWAVE SQUARE WAVE

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UPS WAVEFORMS
170

TRUE SINEWAVE MODIFIED SINEWAVE SQUARE WAVE

VOLTAGE

0 0 4 8 12 16 20

TIME (ms)

-170

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INVERTER TECHNOLOGY FOR TRUE SINEWAVE

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION - PWM LINEAR AMPLIFIER RESONANT INVERTER

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BLOCK DIAGRAM PWM INVERTER

DC POWER

HIGH FREQUENCY GENERATOR

PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR

BASE / GATE DRIVE

TRANSISTOR BRIDGE

TRANSFORMER

FILTER

CRITICAL LOAD (AC)

REFERENCE SINEWAVE GENERATOR COMPARISON AMPLIFIER

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BLOCK DIAGRAM LINEAR AMPLIFER INVERTER

DC POWER

SINEWAVE OSCILLATOR

TRANSFORMER OSCILLATOR AMPLIFIER

CRITICAL LOAD (AC)

COMPARISON AMPLIFIER

POWER AMPLIFIER

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BLOCK DIAGRAM RESONANT INVERTER

DC POWER

SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR

SWITCH DRIVE

TRANSISTOR SWITCHES

TRANSFORMER

LC RESONANT TANK FILTER (OR FERRORESONANT)

CRITICAL LOAD (AC)

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UPS COMPONENTS
CONVERTER - AC TO DC

SPD - PROTECTS AGAINST SPIKES AND TRANSIENTS STORED ENERGY DEVICE - PROTECTS AGAINST INTERRUPTIONS

BATTERY

INVERTER DC TO AC

WAVEFORM SYNTHESIS PROTECTS AGAINST DC OFFSET AND INTERHARMONICS FILTER PROTECTS AGAINST HARMONICS, NOTCHING AND NOISE VOLTAGE REGULATOR PROTECTS AGAINST SAGS, SURGES AND FLUCTUATIONS

MONITOR AND CONTROL HARDWARE / SOFTWARE

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SWITCHOVER TIME
A TYPICAL SWITCHOVER TIME
ONE QUARTER CYCLE OR LESS FOR SOME EQUIPMENT THIS IS NOT TOLERABLE

2 4 ms

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ADVANTAGES / DIS-ADVANTAGES OF THE DIFFERENT UPS ARCHITECTURES

LINE INTERACTIVE ADVANTAGES

AC TO DC CONVERTER / BATTERY CHARGER DOES NOT HAVE TO PROVIDE FULL LOAD POWER (POTENTIALLY CHEAPER) LESS STRESS ON DC TO AC INVERTER SINCE IT RUNS AT NO LOAD UNTIL UPS SWITCHES TO BATTERY POWER (POTENTIALLY CHEAPER)

ON-LINE ADVANTAGES

ZERO SWITCHOVER TIME FROM MAIN LINE TO BATTERY POWER ALWAYS ISOLATED FROM POWER DISTURBANCES ON THE MAIN LINE

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SIZING THE UPS

EQUIPMENT RATINGS FOR LOADS

OBTAIN RATINGS FROM NAMEPLATE OR SPEC SHEET ENERGY USAGE MAY BE SPECIFIED IN VOLT AMPS (VA) OR WATTS (W) AND IN VALUES THAT ARE EITHER MAXIMUM OR NOMINAL (VA) AND (W) ARE RELATED VIA THE POWER FACTOR

TOTAL UPS LOAD MUST NOT EXCEED THE UPS VOLT AMP (VA)

RATING
TOTAL UPS LOAD MUST NOT EXCEED THE UPS WATT (W)

RATING
OVERSIZE / DERATE TO ADD LIFE RUNTIME CHARTS
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UPS SIZING EXAMPLE SPREADSHEET

ITEM EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER MODEL VOLT AMPS MAX (va) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PC MONITOR EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE 1 EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE 2 AUDIO SYSTEM PRINTER 1 PRINTER 2 CABLE MODEM LAPTOP / DOCKING STATION PHONE AND ANSWER MACHINE LAMP CLOCK TOTAL POWER MAX (w) NOTES

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BATTERY SAFETY
MAINTENANCE

INSPECT PERIODICALLY REPLACE AS NEEDED

RISKS

ACID ELECTRIC SHOCK BURN FLYING, MOLTEN METAL (EYES) INJURIES RESULTING FROM CARRYING HEAVY BATTERY PACKS

DISPOSAL

DISPOSE OF PROPERLY RECYCLE WHENEVER POSSIBLE

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GENERAL DISCUSSION
DOES A UPS OFFER COMPLETE PROTECTION? DO YOU THINK POWER DISTURBANCES WONT HAPPEN TO

YOU ? MISCELLANEOUS

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DOES A UPS OFFER COMPLETE PROTECTION?

SOME POWER DISTURBANCES MAY EXCEED THE HANDLING

CAPABILITY OF THE UPS

UPS FAILURE

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DO YOU THINK POWER DISTURBANCES WONT HAPPEN TO YOU ?

POWER DISTURBANCES OCCUR FREQUENTLY, THOUGH MANY

ARE SMALL AND WITHOUT CONSEQUENCE

AN ON-LINE UPS CAN PROTECT AGAINST MORE SIGNIFICANT

POWER DISTURBANCES WHEN THEY DO OCCUR

THE COST OF NOT HAVING A UPS CAN EASILY EXCEED THE COST

OF A UPS

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MISCELLANEOUS
MANY RETAIL UPS FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS ARE LINE

INTERACTIVE
MANUFACTURERS AND BUILDING CODES DO NOT ALLOW

EXTENSION CORDS OR SURGE SUPPRESSORS TO BE USED WITH A UPS

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SUMMARY THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN SPECIFYING A UPS

POWER QUALITY

ARCHITECTURE - LINE INTERACTIVE OR ON-LINE WAVEFORM - SQUARE, MODIFIED SINE, TRUE SINE IMMUNITY TO DISTURBANCES OTHER THAN OUTAGE

RUN TIME WITH AN OUTAGE

RELIABILITY
AUDIBLE NOISE MONITOR AND CONTROL HARDWARE / SOFTWARE

LOCAL / REMOTE CONTROL

INITIAL COST MAINTENANCE COST WARRANTY

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REFERENCES
IEEE STANDARD 1100-2005
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR POWERING AND GROUNDING SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

IEEE STANDARD 1159-1995

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MONITORING ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY

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