Major Project Chirag Heda Abhishek Kona

Cheap alternative to provide internet access in offices, public space Mesh Networking suite made available by default in One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project Robust Networks Integration with existing networks

AD-HOC NETWORKS
A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized wireless network. Each node is willing to forward data for other nodes, and so the determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically based on the network connectivity Traffic flows between an arbitrary pair of nodes.

MESH NETWORKS

Type of Ad-hoc network Traffic pattern to or from a gateway

AD-HOC NETWORKS

MESH NETWORKS

Ad hoc clients are generally user to user and not fixed to any kind of infrastructure.

Clients on mesh networks are dedicated to the role of routing by relying on an infrastructure of sorts

Issue Network Topology Mobility of nodes Energy Constraints Infrastructure Requirement Routing Routing Performance

Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Highly Dynamic Medium-High High Infrastructure less By mobile nodes On demand routing preferred Easy to deploy

Wireless Mesh Networks Relatively Static-Relay nodes fixed Low Low Partially or fully fixed infrastrucuture By fixed nodes Fully/Partially distributedHierarchical/Table driven routing preferred Some planning required

Deployment

PRO-ACTIVE (TABLE DRIVEN)

REACTIVE (ON-DEMAND)

Characterized by proactive checking of link state and updating of routing tables High complexity and CPU load. High performance-Low response time Eg OSPF,OLSR,MMRP, HSLS

Passive reacting on detection problems (nonworking routes) Less demanding on CPU. Less performing-Increased response time Eg - AODV

Route Load Balancing Average hop count of routes Lossy or lossless routes Avoidance of long hops Effect of interference (under study)

AODV Mobile Mesh OSPF HWMP B.A.T.M.A.N Some effective protocols are proreitery Locust World 4G Mesh Cube Ad Hoc routing protocols extended to WMNs

Developed for ad hoc networks On demand algorithm Deployed in OLPC router Reactive protocol DYMO (Dynamic Ondemand MANET routing protocol) based on AODV is current research focus

3 separate protocols for specific functions Link Discovery - Mobile Mesh Link Discovery Protocol (MMLDP) Routing Mobile Mesh Routing Protocol Border Discovery Mobile Mesh Border Dicovery protocol

Builds least cost path between source and destination Sends "Link State Packet" (LSP) contains information - unique router ids and costs Nodes can advertise routes, for routes having external broadband connection can advertise default routes Scalable, fish eye technique used to reduce flooding of network due to LSP Open source. Implementation available for Linux kernel

Pro-active Metrics used to implement in WMNs ETX-Estimated Time Count metric Airtime as a metric Common implementation available, implementations with metrics not available Shortest path tree for each route is generated Sends Link State Advertisements (LSA) to all routers ETX uses no of packets lost on a route to compare routes Current research on finding new metrics for OSPF in WMNs

Inspired by OSLR protocol Each node perceives and maintains only the information about the best next hop towards all other nodes OGM (Originator Messages) are sent in network in selective flooding manner Global knowledge about local topology changes becomes unnecessary Deployed in many WMNs (MIT Roof Net project)

Protocol of choice of IEEE 802.16s WMN Different channels established One single control channel established Under development, only propriety implementations available Requires 802.16s capable NICs Cross layer interaction in routing

1.
2.

B.A.T.M.A.N
http://www.openmesh.org/wiki/BATMANConcept A Secure Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol for 802.11s Mesh Network by Md. Shariful Islam Young Jig Yoon Md. Abdul Hamid Choong Seon Hong Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks using OSPF based Airtime Metric by Chandan K Reddy, Tara P Choudhury Routing Packets into Wireless Mesh Networks by Rainer Baumann, Simon Heimlicher, Vincent Lenders, Martin May

3.

4.