TRNG H KINH TE TP.

HCM
KHOA KINH TE PHAT TRIEN
Mon hoc
Thi gian hoc: 45 tiet
Giang vien: TRNG TH THANH XUAN

Tel : 0903144895

Nam hoc 2009 - 2010
Tai lieu tham khao
+ a ly kinh te Viet Nam
Tac gia : PGS. Van Thai
+ a ly kinh te Viet Nam
Tac gia : TS. Tran Van Thong
CHNG I
^ oi tng nghien cu cua a ly kinh te.
^ Nhiem vu nghien cu cua a ly kinh te.
^ Phng phap nghien cu a ly kinh te.

OI TNG NGHIEN CU A LY KINH TE
NOI DUNG NGHIEN CU A LY KINH TE
oi tng nghien cu a ly Kinh te

Qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien
a ly kinh te
A LY KINH TE
T lau a co KHOA HOC A LY
Trong thi gian dai, khoa hoc nay thuan ve mo ta
T nhien Kinh te - Xa hoi Mo ta
Nghien cu
& giai thch
T nhien Kinh te - Xa hoi
Mam mong cua mon A LY KINH TE a c hnh
thanh.
Lien quan
Mat thiet
Gio mua ong Bac
Gio mua ong Nam
Vnh Bengan
Gia the ky 18, tai Chau Au - A LY KINH TE
mi c cong nhan.
Tm ieu kien va ac iem phan bo mot nganh kinh te theo lanh
tho co hieu qua.
au the ky 20
oi tng nghien cu
Tm ieu kien va ac iem phan bo nhieu nganh kinh te theo lanh
tho co hieu qua.
Hien nay
oi tng nghien cu
oi tng nghien cu
Tm ieu kien va ac iem phan bo kinh te, dan c, c s ha tang
san xuat va xa hoi theo lanh tho co hieu qua.
Fe Luyen kim C kh Hoa chat
Giao thong ien Nc Thoat nc
Benh vien Trng
hoc
Trung tam
thng mai
Khu
giai tr
Det
Tieu thu cong nghiep
Dch vu
Thong tin
Khai thac
C s ha tang
san xuat
xa hoi
*C s ha tang san xuat la c s vat chat phuc vu cho san
xuat. Cu the: he thong giao thong, thong tin lien lac, he thong
cap ien, cap nc
*C s ha tang xa hoi la c s vat chat phuc vu cho sinh hoat
cua ngi dan (phuc vu cho khu dan c).Cu the: he thong giao
thong, thong tin lien lac, he thong cap ien, cap nc, trng
hoc, benh vien, trung tam thng mai, khu giai tr
oi tng nghien cu cua a ly kinh te la cac he
thong lanh tho kinh te - xa hoi va s phan bo san
xuat cac nc cac vung, vi nhng ieu kien
phat trien rieng cua moi nc, moi vung trong tng
giai oan phat trien kinh te.
He thong kinh te - xa hoi vi cac
ac trng rieng
ieu kien va ac
iem
Yeu cau phat trien
kinh te
To chc
San xuat
Dan c
C s ha tang
THANH PHO SAI GON THANH PHO HO CH MINH
Cong
nghiep
Quy mo ln
Cum cong nghiep
Cao (Thu c, Bien Hoa)
Cong nghiep Quy mo
ln
khu che xuat
Khu cong nghiep
Thap ( Quan 7, Duyen hai)
anh gia cac nguon lc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Viet
Nam.
Ly luan ve to chc lanh tho kinh te - xa hoi.
^ Ly luan phan bo san xuat theo lanh tho cho co hieu qua (
phan bo mot nganh, mot c s ).
^ Ly luan to chc san xuat theo lanh tho cho co hieu qua ( to
chc ket hp nganh nay vi nganh khac ).
^ Ly luan ve to chc xa hoi theo lanh tho cho co hieu qua to
chc san xuat, dan c, c s ha tang ).
To chc lanh tho cac nganh san xuat cua Viet Nam.
^ To chc lanh tho nganh cong nghiep.
^ To chc lanh tho nganh nong nghiep .
^ To chc lanh tho nganh dch vu .
Xac nh v tr cua Viet Nam trong tong the kinh te
the gii va khu vc ong Nam A.
*Chng I : oi tng nghien cu cua a ly kinh te
*Chng II : Nguon lc phat trien KT - XH Viet Nam
*Chng III : Ly luan to chc lanh tho kinh te-xa hoi
*Chng IV :To chc lanh tho KT-XH cua Viet Nam
*Chng V :Viet Nam trong Tong the kinh te the gii
^Trang b cho cac nha quan ly, doanh nghiep co tam nhn xa va
rong e hoach nh chnh sach, nh hng thu hut au t, chon
nganh kinh doanh co hieu qua.
^Trang b cho cac nha quan ly kien thc e ieu tiet nguon lc
gia cac a phng mot cach thch hp.
^Trang b cho cac hoc vien nhng kien thc c ban e bc vao
giai oan chuyen nganh de dang hn.
THANH TH NONG THON
Cong nghiep,
dch vu phat
trien.
Thu nhap cao.
Mc song vat
chat va tinh
than cao.
Co ieu kien
hoc tap va
thang tien.
Di c San xuat nong
nghiep chu yeu.
Thu nhap thap.
Mc song vat chat
va tinh than thap.
ieu kien hoc tap
kho khan.
THANH TH NONG THON
D lao ong gian
n.
Thieu lao ong co
chat lng.
Tre
Lao ong
Gia
gian n
Di c t phat
Vung kinh te
mi
Theo UBBVMTQT
Moi quoc gia: dien tch rng > 30% dien
tch ca nc.
Viet Nam : dien tch rng > 50% dien
tch ca nc.
Nam 31/12/2008 dien tch at lam nghiep cua Viet Nam la
13.118.800 ha ( tng ng 38,70 % tong dien tch ca nc ).

Viet Nam xem nh a mat rng.
* ieu tra thc te.
* Thu thap tai lieu.
* Phan tch va tong hp.
* S dung ban o.
* Khao sat khong anh.
* S dung cong nghe thong tin.
CHNG II
^ Cac khai niem c ban.
^ anh gia nguon nhan lc Viet Nam.
^ anh gia nguon lc t nhien Viet Nam.
* Tai nguyen thien nhien.

* Tong lc quoc gia.
Tai nguyen thien nhien la cac vat the va lc
lng t nhien, mot trnh o phat trien lc
lng san xuat nhat nh, chung c s
dung nham thoa man nhu cau xa hoi, nh la
cac phng tien ton tai cua con ngi.
Tai nguyen thien
nhien
Co trong t nhien,
khong do con ngi tao ra.
Con ngi phai co kha nang s
dung c.
Lc lng san xuat = T lieu san xuat + sc lao ong
=

T lieu lao ong
+
oi tng lao ong
Tai nguyen thien
nhien
Vo han
Hu han
Nang lng mat tri, nang lng gio, nang
lng thuy trieu, nang lng a nhiet
Kh hau, at ai, nguon nc, thc vat,
ong vat, khoang san
S dung khong o nhiem (CL)
S dung khong het (SL)
S dung co the het
S dung co the o nhiem
khong
khong
Khong the phuc hoi
Co the phuc hoi
Tai nguyen
thien nhien
hu han
Khoang san
Kh hau, thuy van, at ai,
thc vat, ong vat
(1) (2)
Al
100 tan
San xuat Tieu dung Phe pham
Thu gom Tai che Nguyen lieu th cap
50 tan
Tong so khoang san s dung la 150 tan.Trong o,nguon t thien
nhien la 100 tan, con ngi tra lai 50 tan. Vay tai nguyen nay co
the phuc hoi.
Tong lc quoc gia la toan bo sc manh tong hp ma mot
quoc gia co the huy ong c e thuc ay qua trnh phat
trien cua nen kinh te at nc, nh s ket hp kheo leo
cac nguon lc ben trong va nguon lc ben ngoai bang mot
chien lc kinh te ung an va mot c che chnh sach thch
hp.
A
F

F
1 Cac nguon lc ben trong ( Noi lc )
F
2 Cac nguon lc ben ngoai (Ngoai lc )
F Tong lc quoc gia
C che, chnh sach thu hut au t nc ngoai.
Viet Nam
Trc 1987


F
1
F
1
F
1
F
2 F
2
F
2
F
F
F
Viet Nam
T 1987 nay
Cac quoc gia
co
co
= 0
= F
1

co
co
max
S dung F
1
khong
hieu qua
= F
1
+ F
2
min
co
max
= F
1
min
S dung F
1
co
hieu qua
Tong lc quoc gia cc
ky thap kem
( LDC )
au the ky 20
Tren the gii co khoang 200 quoc gia la thuoc a
va ban thuoc a.
Thap nien 30
Tai cac quoc gia nay co phong trao giai phong dan toc.
Thap nien 60
a so cac quoc gia danh c oc lap.
Sau oc lap cac quoc gia ong ca e phat trien kinh te.
au thap nien 70
Mot so nc tien hanh m ca ,10 nam sau tr thanh
cac nc cong nghiep hoa mi (NIC) nh Singapore,
ai Loan, Hongkong, Nam Han
au thap nien 80
Thai Lan, Indonesia, Malaysia...
au thap nien 90
ong loat cac quoc gia thc thi chnh sach m ca
(Trong o co Viet Nam, Trung Quoc)
Cung au t
Chu yeu la cac nc phat
trien > 20 nc
Cau au t
7 quoc gia
Can can nghieng ve cac nc co nhu cau au t ra nc
ngoai
Cung au t
Chu yeu la cac nc phat
trien > 30 nc
Cau au t
200 quoc gia
Can can nghieng ve cac nc co nhu cau thu hut au t
^ V tr a ly
^ a hnh
^ Kh hau
^ Thuy van
^ at ai
^ Rng
^ Bien
^ Khoang san
^Li the
+ Do v tr a ly nen kh hau Viet Nam nong am, thc vat xanh
quanh nam khong co a hnh hoang mac va ban hoang mac.
+ Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam co the phat trien he thong giao
thong van tai a dang.
+ Do v tr a ly nen sinh vat Viet Nam nhieu chung loai.
+ Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam co nhieu loai khoang san.
^
Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam thng
xuyen gap thien tai : bao, lu lut, han han,
sng tuyet, bang gia, ma a, ong at
Do v tr a ly nen viec bao ve bien
cng gap kho khan.
CHNG II
Li the
+ So lng lao ong ong.
+ Gia cua nguon lao ong thap.
+ Chat lng cua nguon lao ong
^The lc
^Trnh o van hoa
^Trnh o chuyen mon
thap.
kem
thap
cha ap ng yeu cau
Dan so Viet Nam
Lao ng Viet Nam
86.210.800 ngi
Lao ong ang lam viec
44.915.800 lao ong
(52,1% dan so Viet Nam)
T l tht nghip: 2,38%
(That nghiep thanh th:4,65 %
That nghiep thanh th:4,65 %)
Ty le thieu viec lam: 5,10%
1- 7- 2008
Toc o tang 1,22 %

Nam 2008
So lng
(nghn ngi)
Ty le
%


Dan thanh th


24.233,3

28,11%

Dan nong thon

61.977,5

71,89

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008
DAN SO Nghn ngi
82.031,7

83.106,3

84.155,8

85.154,9

86.210,8
NAM
Nghn ngi

40.310,5

40.846,2

41.354,7


41.855,3

42.384,5
N
Nghn ngi

41.721,2

42.260,1

42.801,1


43.299,6

43.826,3
TOC DO TANG
DAN SO VN (%)

1,40


1,31

1,24


1,23

1,22
So lieu ve dan so viet nam
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Trieu ngi
Nam
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
%
Nam
38.2
39.8 40.3 40.8 41.4 41.8 42.4
39.5
40
40.5
41.1
41.7
42.3
42.8
43.3
43.8
38.7 39.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
N
Nam
Trieu ngi
Nam
Theo Bo Lao ong -
Nam 2003 thu nhap
cua lao ong gian
n trung bnh la
500.000 ong / thang.
Ngoai tr lao ong gian n lam viec
trong cac khu vc sau ay thu nhap co
cao hn: au t trc tiep nc ngoai,
lien doanh, cac nganh con mang tnh
chat oc quyen cua Nha nc.
Ngay 1 thang 7 nam 1999
Nha nc qui nh Doanh nghiep nc ngoai s dung lao ong gian
n phai tra mc thu nhap nh sau :
Quan ( TPHCM, Ha Noi ) 626.000 ong / thang
Huyen( TPHCM, HaNoi ) 556.000 ong / thang
Cac khu vc khac 487.000 ong / thang
Ngay 23 thang 9 nam 2005
Bo Lao ong to chc hoi thao lay y kien doanh nghiep - doanh
nghiep nc ngoai s dung lao ong gian n phai tra mc thu
nhap nh sau :
-TPHCM, Ha Noi, Bnh
Dng, ong Nai. 870.000 ong / thang
- Hai dng, Ha Long,
a Nang, Nha Trang,
Vung Tau, Can Th 790.000 ong / thang
- Cac khu vc khac 710.000 ong / thang
Trnh o van hoa cua lc lng lao ong
Nam 2004
^ Ty le mu ch cua lc lng lao ong ca nc 5%.
^ Cha tot nghiep tieu hoc 12%.
^ Tot nghiep tieu hoc 30,5%.
^Tot nghiep THCS 32,8%.
^ Tot nghiep THPT 19,7%.
Trnh o van hoa cua lc lng lao ong
Nam 2005
^ Ty le mu ch cua lc lng lao ong ca nc la 4%, tot nghiep
PTTH la 21,2% ( So vi thi iem 1-7-2000 ty le tot nghiep PTTH tang
len ro ret t 17,2% nam 2000 tang len 21,2% nam 2005 ).
^ Co s khac biet kha ln gia nong thon va thanh th.
^ Ty le lao ong cha biet ch nong thon cao gap 6 lan thanh th.
^ Ty le lao ong thanh th co trnh o THPT tr len cao gap 3 lan
nong thon.
Trnh o chuyen mon ky thuat
Ty le qua ao tao cua lc lng lao ong ca nc chiem 24,8%
tng ng 11,003 trieu ngi.
Trong o:
ao tao nghe : 15,2 %
Tot nghiep THCS la 4,3%
Tot nghiep C, H, tren H la 5,3%
Co s cach biet gia nong thon va thanh th
Thanh th, lao ong co trnh o chuyen mon ky thuat la 45%,
con nong thon la 12%
Tieu ch cua To chc Lao ong Quoc te a ra oi
vi cac nc ang phat trien nh Viet Nam: c cau
cap trnh o ao tao gia C, H, >H/ THCN/
CNKT nen la 1/ 5-10/ 40-60.
Nam 2004 : C cau cap trnh o ao tao gia C,
H, >H/ THCN/ CNKT la 1/ 0,91/ 2,75.
Nam 2003
-Chieu cao trung bnh cua Nam 162 cm,N 152 cm tang 2 cm so vi
nam 1975.
Nh vay, sau moi thap nien chieu cao trung bnh ngi trng
thanh tang them khoang 1 cm.
-Can nang trung bnh cua Nam 53 kg.
Can nang trung bnh cua N 47 kg.
Ca hai gii eu tang 3 kg so vi nam 1975.
Cong bo cua Vien Dinh dng
10 Thang 7 nam 2007
Chieu cao trung bnh cua Nam 163,5 cm - N 156,5 cm tang 4,5 cm so vi
nam 1975.
Nh vay, chieu cao trung bnh ngi trng thanh tang them 4,5 cm
so vi cach ay 25 nam.
Co tnh trang d tha lao ong (chu yeu la lao ong
gian n).
Thieu lao ong co chat lng.
Lao ong phan bo khong hp ly.
Vung sau, vung cao thieu lao ong gian n.
Thanh th d lao ong co chat lng.
S DI CHUYEN LAO ONG THEO CAC HNG
T vung nui xuong ven bien.
T mien Bac vao mien Nam.
T nong thon en thanh th.
Xuat khau lao ong ra nc ngoai.
Phat trien san xuat trong nc.
au t vao giao duc nhieu hn.
Phan bo lai lao ong cho thch hp.
Giam toc o gia tang dan so.
^V tr a ly
^ a hnh
^ Kh hau
^ Thuy van
^ at ai
^ Rng
^ Bien
^ Khoang san
^Li the
+ Do v tr a ly nen kh hau Viet Nam nong am, thc vat xanh
quanh nam khong co a hnh hoang mac va ban hoang mac.
+ Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam co the phat trien he thong giao
thong van tai a dang.
+ Do v tr a ly nen sinh vat Viet Nam nhieu chung loai.
+ Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam co nhieu loai khoang san.
^
Do v tr a ly nen Viet Nam thng
xuyen gap thien tai : bao, lu lut, han han,
sng tuyet, bang gia, ma a, ong at
Do v tr a ly nen viec bao ve bien
cng gap kho khan.
- Cac nguyen tac phan bo san xuat
- Phan vung kinh te
- Quy hoach tong the vung

Nguyen tac gan tng ng
Nguyen tac tao cc va can oi lanh tho
Nguyen tac ket hp theo nganh va theo vung
Ket hp cong nghiep va nong nghiep
Ket hp chuyen mon hoa va phat trien tong hp
Ket hp tang trng kinh te va bao ve moi trng
Ket hp phat trien kinh te va cung co quoc phong
Nguyen tac m va hoi nhap
- Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat chu y phan bo gan nguon
nguyen lieu, nhien lieu, nhan lc va khu vc th
trng.
- C s
He thong giao thong van tai cua Viet Nam con thap
kem.
Cac nguon lc cua Viet Nam co s phan hoa.
ac iem kinh te - ky thuat cua cac nganh khac nhau.


- Thc hien
Tai Viet Nam
Can c vao ac iem kinh te - ky thuat cua tng nganh.
San xuat cong nghiep
+ Nhom nganh can nhieu nguyen lieu nen u tien phan bo
gan nguon nguyen lieu.
Cu the: Nganh luyen kim, nhiet ien, che bien nong san
la nhng nganh can nhieu nguyen lieu.
+ Nhom nganh co san pham cong kenh hoac san pham van chuyen i
xa kho am bao chat lng nen u tien phan bo gan khu vc tieu
thu.
Cu the : nganh ong tau be, ban ghe, nganh thuy tinh, nganh
sanh s phan bo gan khu vc th thng.
+ Nhom nganh co khoi lng nguyen lieu tng ng vi khoi lng
san pham nen lu y en nguon nhan lc va khu vc th trng khi
phan bo.
Cu the : Nganh det nen phan bo tai thanh pho la ni tap trung
nguon nhan lc.

+ Nhom nganh can nguon nhan lc co chat lng nen u tien phan
bo gan nguon nhan lc co chat lng.
Cu the: Nganh che tac vang bac, nganh san xuat thiet b ien
tnen phan bo gan thanh pho co nguon nhan lc chat lng
cao tap trung.
+ Nhom nganh co nhu cau phan bo rong rai nen co gang phan bo
rong khap.
Cu the : Nganh san xuat hang tieu dung thiet yeu, nganh san
xuat vat lieu xay dng cap thap thng phan bo khap ni.
-Hieu qua
Giam c chi ph van chuyen xa xoi, bat hp
ly.
Tang nang suat xa hoi.
a dang hoa san pham phuc vu ngi tieu
dung.
^Vung th trng la gii han hp ly cua viec van
chuyen va tieu thu san pham co li nhat cho nha
san xuat cung nh cho ngi tieu dung.
^Xac nh vung th trng giup cho cac doanh nghiep
co the la chon qui mo va a iem phan bo thch
hp.
Xac nh vung th trng
^Xac nh vung th trng ch ap dung oi vi cac doanh
nghiep ln co c s san xuat nhieu vung khac nhau
vi khoi lng san pham ln, van chuyen nhieu va
thng xuyen tren nhng khoang cach xa, bang cac phng
tien van chuyen khac nhau.
^Ban knh tieu thu la gii han hp ly cua viec van chuyen
mot loai san pham chuyen mon hoa bang mot phng tien
van tai nhat nh, theo mot hng nhat nh.
I
II
III
x
3
x
1
x
4
Vung th trng cua I
Vung th trng cua II Vung th trng cua III
X
5
GT = Tong chi ph
GT = CPSX + CPVC

R =

P
2
P
1
+ T
2
. r
T
1
+ T
2
Chu thch
R : Ban knh (khoang cach) tieu thu san pham hp ly.
P
1
, P
2
: Chi ph san xuat 1 tan san pham vung I va II.
T
1
,T
2
: Chi ph van chuyen 1 tan/ km san pham theo hng t vung I ti
vung II va ngc lai.
r : Khoang cach gia 2 vung.

I
II
P
1 P
2
T
1
T
2
R
r -R
r
P
1
+ T
1
.R = P
2
+ T
2
(r R )
P
1
+ T
1
.R = P
2
+ T
2
.r T
2
.R
T
1
.R + T
2
.R = P
2
P
1
+ T
2
. r
R ( T
1
+ T
2
) = P
2
P
1
+ T
2
.r
R =
P
2
P
1
+ T
2
.r
T
1
+ T
2
X
1
R =
P
2
P
1
+ T.r
2T

(T
1
= T
2
)
Chi ph san xuat mot tan ng tai Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh (Tp.HCM) la
400.000 ong, tai Quang Ngai la 300.000 ong, tai Thanh Hoa la 350.000 ong.
Chi ph van chuyen bang ng xe la Bac - Nam theo ca hai chieu la 1.000
ong/ tan/ km. Khoang cach gia Tp.HCM-Thanh Hoa la 1.600 km, gia
Tp.HCM - Quang Ngai la 800 km. Hoi:
+ Ban knh tieu thu san pham hp ly trong khu vc vagia thanh tai cac
iem gii han ?
+ Neu nhu cau tieu thu ng bnh quan cua khu vc la 200 tan /
km th qui mo san lng cua cac nha may la bao nhieu, biet rang nha
may tai Tp.HCM danh 70 % san lng cho khu vc nay, Quang Ngai
70%, Thanh Hoa 30%.
TP
QN
TH
P = 400.000/T P = 300.000/T P = 350.000/T
T 1.000/T/km
1.600km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
TP-QN
= 350 Km
R
QN-TP
= 450 Km
R
QN-TH
= 425 Km
R
TH-QN
= 375Km
G
x1
= 750.000 / T G
x2
= 725.000 / T
800 km
b/
X
1
X
2
Q
TP
=
200 x 350 x 100
70
= 100.000 Tan
Q
QN
=
200 x ( 450 + 425 ) x100
70
= 250.000 Tan
Q
TH
=
200 x 375 x 100
30
= 250.000 Tan
Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat phai chu y tao nen cac cc kinh te va dung
cac cc nay e thuc ay s phat trien kinh te cua cac vung lan
can.
C s
Do von au t t oi.
Nguon lc ni nhieu, ni t; ni khai thac thuan li, ni khai
thac kho khan.
Co s chenh lech ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi gia cac
vung.
Thc hien
Nha nc xac nh vung thuan li (vung manh), vung kho khan (vung yeu).
T o, Nha nc a ra cac chnh sach au t thch hp cho tng vung.
Cu the
Vung manh Nha nc au t nhieu, co chnh sach thong thoang e
thuc ay vung nay tr thanh cc kinh te.
Vung yeu cung c quan tam phat trien cac mat kinh te, van hoa, xa
hoi e rut ngan khoang cach chenh lech vi cac vung khac.
Xay dng he thong c s ha tang lien thong gia vung manh vi vung yeu .
- NH DANG
+ Vung manh
- Co kha nang phat trien cong nghiep va dch vu.
- Co hoac co the khong co tai nguyen thien nhien nhng phai co
v tr a ly thuan li va ieu kien t nhien tng oi on nh.
- Tai nguyen nhan lc manh ve ca hai mat so lng va chat lng.
- C s ha tang tng oi hoan chnh.
-NH DANG
+ Vung yeu
- Khong co hay co tai nguyen thien nhien nhng khai thac khong
hieu qua, v tr a ly kem thuan li va ieu kien t nhien
khong on nh ( thng xuyen gap thien tai).
- Tai nguyen nhan lc co the ri vao mot trong hai trng hp sau
:
Manh ve so lng, kem ve chat lng.
Kem ve so lng lan chat lng.
- C s ha tang thap kem.

ieu tra c ban vung e nh hng san xuat.
Xay dng c s san xuat.
Xay dng c s ha tang san xuat.
Xay dng khu dan c.
Xay dng c s ha tang xa hoi.
ieu dan c t cac ni khac en.
Thc hien chnh sach thu hut nhan tai.
On canh, on c cac dan toc thieu so.
Cac bien phap xay dng
co hieu qua vung kinh te mi
-Hieu qua
- S dung c tat ca nguon lc tren moi vung at nc,
ac biet la nhng nguon lc con tiem an cac vung cha
phat trien (vung sau, vung xa, vung cao).
- Giam bt s chenh lech ve trnh o phat trien sc san
xuat va mc song gia cac vung.
- Tang cng khoi oan ket toan dan, tao ieu kien phat
trien on nh va ben vng cho nen kinh te - xa hoi ca
nc.

Noi dung 1
- Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat can phai chu y ket hp cong nghiep
vi nong nghiep nham xoa i s cach biet gia thanh th va
nong thon.
- C s
Cong nghiep ket hp vi nong nghiep se thuc ay ca hai nganh
cung phat trien.
Trong thc te, cong nghiep va nong nghiep Viet Nam cha co s
ket hp chat che.
Ty le dan thanh th cua Viet Nam con thap.
CONG NGHIEP VA NONG NGHIEP CAN KET HP
Cong nghiep can co s ket hp vi nong nghiep
Nong nghiep cung cap nguyen lieu cho cac nganh che bien nong san.
Nhan lc trong lnh vc nong nghiep ang chuyen dch sang lnh vc
cong nghiep.
Lnh vc san xuat nong nghiep va nong dan tieu thu nhieu san
pham cong nghiep.
Nong nghiep cung cap lng thc, thc pham cho cong nhan.
San pham nong nghiep ac trng cua Viet Nam xuat khau thu ngoai
te e trang b may moc thiet b hien ai cho nganh cong nghiep.
Nong nghiep can cong nghiep
ho tr e tien hanh
-C gii hoa.
-ien kh hoa.
-Thuy li hoa.
-Hoa hoc hoa.
-Cong nghe sinh hoc.
- Tai nong thon : san xuat nong nghiep la chu yeu Khi a san xuat
cong nghiep vao ket hp can phai chu y hai kha canh:
Xac nh nganh cong nghiep a vao phai la nganh
Co lien quan en san xuat
nong nghiep
Khong lien quan en san xuat
nong nghiep
Ve mat san xuat nh nganh
c kh nong nghiep, san xuat
phan bon , thuoc tr sau.
Ve mat tieu thu nh
nganh xay xat, che
bien nong san.
Nhng c phan bo e tan dung
thi gian nhan roi cua ngi dan
nh nganh cong nghiep nhe, tieu
thu cong nghiep.
Hnh thc phan bo: Cac x nghiep phan bo rai rac, xen ke vi vung trong trot
va chan nuoi.
Thc hien
- Tai thanh th : san xuat cong nghiep la chu yeu Khi a san xuat nong
nghiep vao ket hp cung can phai chu y hai kha canh :
Xac nh nganh nong nghiep phai la nganh
Co san pham phuc vu nhu
cau tieu thu rong rai cua
ngi dan thanh pho.
Co san pham van
chuyen i xa khong bao
am chat lng.
Cu the: Nganh trong rau, trong hoa, chan nuoi gia cam lay tht, sa,
trng
Hnh thc phan bo: Nganh nong nghiep phai phan bo tap trung tao
thanh vanh ai xanh xung quanh thanh pho.
Nong thon
San xuat
nong nghiep la chu
yeu
a san xuat cong nghiep vao
ket hp
Hnh thanh va phat trien cac
nganh dch vu ho tr.
Thanh th
Nong nghiep
Cong nghiep
Dch vu
Ty le dan thanh th tang
Rut ngan khoang cach chenh
lech
^ Hieu qua
-a nen kinh te phat trien theo hng cong nghiep
hoa, hien ai hoa.
- Tang so lng thanh th va ty le dan thanh th.
-Rut ngan khoang cach ve mc song gia thanh th
va nong thon.
^ Noi dung 2
Khi phan bo san xuat can phai chu y ket hp chuyen mon
hoa va phat trien tong hp vung.
- Yeu cau
VUNG: Nguon lc
Thuan li
Con lai
San xuat Trao oi ngoai
vung
Thoa man nhu
cau cua ngi
dan trong vung
Chuyen mon hoa
Phat trien tong hp
+
-S dung c li the rieng cua tng vung e phat
trien mot so nganh chuyen mon hoa ln.
-Tan dung tat ca nguon lc nho, phan tan trong vung e
phat trien tong hp nhieu nganh san xuat, kinh doanh.
-Kinh te vung phat trien ben vng v khong phai la nen
kinh te khep kn va cung khong qua le thuoc vung ben
ngoai.
^ Hieu qua
+ Noi dung 3
- Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat phai chu y ket hp phan bo san
xuat vi cung co quoc phong .
- C s
ac iem cua bien gii bien va at lien lam Viet Nam
kho bao ve bien cng at nc.
Lch s chng minh Viet Nam thng b chien tranh xam
lc.
Ch khi nao quoc phong vng manh th thanh tu kinh te
mi gi vng.
-Thc hien
Co gang xay dng va phat trien nganh cong nghiep nang
va cong nghiep che tao vu kh.
Khi phan bo san xuat nen tranh tap trung cac nganh san
xuat quan trong vao mot cho.
Khi phan bo san xuat nen tranh bo tr cac nganh san xuat
quan trong tai cac vung bien gii.
Nen a dan en cac vung bien gii e sinh song.
^ Noi dung 4
- Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat can phai ket hp tang trng kinh te
vi bao ve moi trng.
- C s
Muc tieu cua Viet Nam la tang trng, phat trien kinh te ben
vng.
Kinh te cua at nc van con chu yeu da vao cac nganh
nong nghiep, lam nghiep, ng nghiep, khai thac khoang san s
dung nhieu tai nguyen.
Tai nguyen thien nhien cua Viet Nam co nhieu nguon ang i vao
con ng can kiet nh rng, at ai, nc
Tang trng kinh te noi len nhng thanh tu trong lnh
vc kinh te. e the hien tang trng thng dung cac
ch tieu GNP,GDP, thu nhap bnh quan au ngi.
Phat trien kinh te-xa hoi la s nang cao i song vat
chat va i song tinh than cua tat ca ngi dan trong
toan xa hoi.
Phat trien ben vng la s phat trien am bao nang cao
i song vat chat va i song tinh than cua tat ca
ngi dan trong toan xa hoi ma khong hy sinh tai nguyen
thien nhien va moi trng.
Tang trng kinh te the hien thanh tu trong lnh vc kinh te
Phat trien KT-XH
Nang cao i song vat chat va
tinh than
am bao cho tat ca ngi
dan eu c hng s nang
cao
Phat trien
ben vng
Nang cao i song vat chat va tinh than
cho tat ca ngi dan
Bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien va moi
trng
^ Yeu cau
Khi phan bo san xuat can phai chu y phan cong lao ong
quoc te va trao oi, hp tac lao ong vi nc ngoai.
^ C s
- Tong lc cua Viet Nam con thap kem.
-Ch khi trao oi, hp tac vi nc ngoai Viet Nam mi s
dung co hieu qua cac nguon lc t nhien va nguon nhan
lc.
-Trao oi, hp tac vi nc ngoai se nang cao c mc song
cua ngi dan.
PHAT TRIEN ANG PHAT TRIEN
Cac nganh san xuat ac thu co
von au t ln, trnh o cong
nghe cao, khong tham dung tai
nguyen thien nhien va lao ong.
Goi nom na la cac nganh bnh
minh
Cac nganh san xuat ac thu co
von au t t, trnh o cong nghe
thap, tham dung tai nguyen
thien nhien va lao ong.
Goi nom na la cac nganh hoang
hon
Hoang hon Hoang hon

A

B

X

4

5

Y

20

30
Hai quoc gia : A va B
Hai san pham : X va Y
Neu trao oi noi bo trong nc
Tai th trng nc A : 1Y oi c 5X
Tai th trng nc B : 1Y oi c 6X
Neu hai quoc gia chuyen mon hoa vao mot loai san pham va em
trao oi
A chon san xuat Y va em trao oi vi B e lay X
B chon san xuat X va em trao oi vi A e lay Y
B 1Y oi c 6X
A 5X oi c 1Y
Ca hai quoc gia eu co li
A
B
- Thc hien
a phng hoa quan he vi cac quoc gia tren toan the gii.
a dang hoa cac san pham xuat khau.
ASEAN
Khong phan biet trnh o
phat trien
Khong phan biet the che
chnh tr
Khong phan biet
ton giao
APEC
My
Nhat
Viet Nam
Trung Quoc
CAC NHOM SAN PHAM XUAT KHAU
CHU YEU CUA VIET NAM
Nong san
Hai san
Khoang san tho
ay cung la nhng san pham
xuat khau chu yeu cua cac
nc ang phat trien
Co the ket luan ay la nhng nc ngheo
Xuat khau san pham Gia thap
Thu
nhap
thap
Khong u chi
tieu
Khai thac
nhieu hn
Kinh te thap kem, tai nguyen can
^ Vung kinh te.
^ Phan vung kinh te.
^ Cong tac phan vung kinh te cua VN.
^ Khai niem
^ Noi dung
Cac vung kinh te la nhng bo phan lanh tho cua
nen kinh te quoc dan a c chuyen mon hoa
mc o nhat nh, co nhng quan he qua lai vi
nhau bi cac hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh thng
xuyen dien ra tren lanh tho o va bi nhng
quan he xa hoi khac.
Nguon lc Nguon lc Nguon lc
A B
C
Tong dien tch cac vung kinh te =
SX
CMH
SX
CMH
SX
CMH
Tong dien tch ca nc
^Chuyen mon hoa san xuat
^Phat trien tong hp san xuat
Chuyen mon hoa san xuat la da tren nhng nguon
lc thuan li cua vung e phat trien manh mot hay
mot so nganh san xuat ln nham tao ra mot khoi
lng san pham nhieu vi gia re, khong ch thoa man
nhu cau trong vung ma con phuc vu cac nhu cau ngoai
vung, ke ca xuat khau.
S dung nguon lc
thuan li cua vung
San pham phai trao oi
vi vung khac
San xuat
chuyen mon hoa
Nganh chuyen mon hoa phai ap ng cac yeu cau :
Chat lng tot.
Gia thanh ha.
Nang suat cao, khoi lng san pham nhieu.
Nganh chuyen mon hoa phai c
S au t thoa ang cua Nha nc va a phng.
S ho tr cua cac nganh san xuat khac.
Nh vay, trong mot vung co the co mot nganh hay
mot so nganh chuyen mon hoa, nhng khong nen
qua nhieu.
Trong mot vung, neu phat trien manh cac nganh sau:
San bay - hai cang - du lch - kinh doanh khach san
Van c xem la nganh san xuat chuyen mon hoa
- Hai nhom yeu to anh hng en viec hnh thanh
nganh san xuat chuyen mon hoa
Cac nguon lc thuan li.
Nhu cau cua xa hoi oi vi san pham.
Trong o, nhom yeu to nhu cau co tnh chat quyet nh oi
vi viec hnh thanh nganh chuyen mon hoa.
VAI TRO CUA NGANH CHUYEN MON HOA
Quyet nh v tr, chc nang cua tng vung kinh te trong s phan
cong lao ong xa hoi ca nc a en viec lien ket trong san
xuat va trao oi san pham gia cac vung vi nhau.
Cac nganh chuyen mon hoa cua vung c u tien phat trien
trong ieu kien thuan li nen co qui mo ln nhat, co khoi lng
san pham cao nhat tr thanh nganh nong cot trong hoat ong
kinh te cua vung va co y ngha oi vi ca nc.
Phat trien la tan dung hp ly cac nguon lc con
lai cua vung e phat trien cac nganh san xuat
nham ho tr cho chuyen mon hoa san xuat va
thoa man nhu cau nhieu mat cua nhan dan trong
vung.
San xuat phat trien
tong hp
S dung nguon lc con lai
San pham thoa man nhu cau cua ngi
dan trong vung
Vai tro cua nganh phat trien tong hp
Tan dung cac nguon lc cua vung.
Ho tr cho cac nganh san xuat chuyen mon hoa.
Thoa man nhu cau nhieu mat cua ngi dan trong vung.
Chuyen mon hoa va phat trien tong hp la hai noi dung c
ban cua vung kinh te, trong o chuyen mon hoa san xuat
la bo mat kinh te cua vung quyet nh phan ln hng
phat trien tong hp cua nen kinh te vung, con phat trien
tong hp lai tao c s vng chac cho chuyen mon hoa san
xuat phat huy het tiem nang, the manh cua vung.
Thuan li
Nguon lc
Con lai
Chuyen mon
hoa
San xuat
Phat trien
tong hp
Ngoai vung
Nhu cau
Trong vung
Noi dung vung kinh te
ac trng cua vung kinh te
NGUON GOC HNH THANH VUNG KINH TE
- Vung kinh te hnh thanh theo hng chu quan.
- Vung kinh te hnh thanh theo hng khach quan .
Do con ngi tien hanh phan chia.
Do phan cong lao ong xa hoi tao nen.
Phan cong lao ong xa hoi
Phan cong lao ong theo nganh
Lan 1
Lan 2
Lan 3
Nong nghiep
Trong trot
Chan nuoi
Lng thc
Cay cong nghiep
ai gia suc
Gia cam
Cay an trai
Nong nghiep
Tieu cong nghiep
ai cong nghiep
LK
CK
HC
....
Cong nghiep
tach
Cong nghiep
tach
Dch vu
Phan cong lao ong theo vung ( theo lanh tho )
Vung
Khi sc san xuat cha
phat trien
San xuat nhieu
nganh
T cung t
cap
Vung
Khi sc san xuat phat
trien
San xuat mot (mot
so nganh )
Trao oi
Chuyen mon hoa
Vung kinh te c hnh thanh khong can con ngi tien hanh phan chia.
Phat trien tong hp
Vay vung kinh te c hnh thanh theo khach quan.
Phan vung kinh te la s phan chia lanh tho at nc thanh he
thong cac loai vung kinh te, nhng vung nay c hnh thanh phu
hp vi s phan cong lao ong xa hoi tren nhng vung lanh tho.
Vung kinh te hnh
thanh theo hng chu
quan
Tao nen cac vung kinh te
theo hng khach quan
Phu hp
Ly do can phai tien hanh
cong tac phan vung kinh te
^e t phat qua trnh hnh thanh vung kinh te dien ra lau nen
can phan vung e au t sc ngi, sc cua nham thuc ay
vung kinh te hnh thanh nhanh hn.
^e t phat th cac vung kem thuan li ve t nhien, kinh te, xa
hoi kho hnh thanh vung kinh te. V vay, can tien hanh cong tac
phan vung kinh te e a cac vung nay nam vao mot vung kinh
te nao o va thuc ay no phat trien.
^Vung kinh te c hnh thanh bi cac yeu to tao vung nen can
phan vung kinh te e hng cac yeu to nay van ong ap ng
chu trng phat trien kinh te trong tng thi ky.
^Phan vung kinh te e ke hoach hoa, phan bo san xuat, phat
trien kinh te a phng va kinh te trung ng.
^Phan vung kinh te tao c s tien hanh cong tac qui hoach tong
the vung.
^ T nam 1962 Viet Nam co chu y cong tac phan
vung kinh te nhng cha tien hanh.
^ Nam 1975, khi Uy ban Phan vung kinh te trung ng ra
i, cong tac phan vung kinh te mi c tien hanh.
^ Nam 1977, Nha nc chia 40 tnh, thanh tren ca nc
ra thanh 7 vung kinh te .
1/Vung kinh te trung du- mien nui Bac bo :10 n v
Lai Chau ( Lai Chau + ien Bien ), Sn La, Hoang Lien Sn ( Lao Cai +
Yen Bai ), Ha Tuyen ( Ha Giang + Tuyen Quang ), Vnh Phu ( Vnh
Phuc + Phu Tho ), Bac Thai ( Bac Can + Thai Nguyen ), Ha Bac (
Bac Giang + Bac Ninh ), Cao Bang, Lang Sn, Quang Ninh.
2/ Vung kinh te ong bang song Hong : 6 n v
Ha Noi, Hai Phong , Ha Sn Bnh ( Ha Tay + Hoa Bnh ), Ha Nam
Ninh ( Ha Nam + Nam nh + Ninh Bnh ), Hai Hng ( Hai Dng + Hng
Yen ), Thai Bnh.
3/ Vung kinh te Khu bon cu : 3 n v
Thanh Hoa, Nghe Tnh ( Nghe An + Ha Tnh ), Bnh Tr Thien (Quang
Bnh + Quang Tr +Tha Thien Hue )
4/ Vung kinh te duyen hai mien Trung : 4 n v
Quang Nam - a Nang (Quang Nam + a Nang), Ngha Bnh (Quang
Ngai + Bnh nh ),Phu Khanh (Phu Yen + Khanh Hoa ), Thuan Hai
(Ninh Thuan + Bnh Thuan ).
5/ Vung kinh te Tay nguyen : 3 n v
Gia Lai - Kon Tum ( Gia Lai + Kon Tum ), ac Lac (ac Lac + ac Nong
), Lam ong.
6/ Vung kinh te ong Nam bo : 5 n v
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, Song Be ( Bnh Dng + Bnh Phc
), Tay Ninh, ong Nai, ac khu Vung Tau - Con ao (Ba
Ra - Vung Tau ).
7/ Vung kinh te ong bang song Cu Long : 9 n v
Long An, Tien Giang , Ben Tre, ong Thap, An Giang, Cu
Long (Vnh Long + Tra Vinh) , Hau Giang (Soc Trang + Thanh
pho Can Th + Hau Giang ), Kien Giang , Minh Hai (Bac Lieu
+ Ca Mau ).
Nam 1984, Nha nc chia 4 vung kinh te
1/ Vung kinh te Bac bo: 16 n v
Bao gom vung kinh te mien nui - trung du Bac bo va vung kinh
te ong bang song Hong ket hp lai.
2/ Vung kinh te Bac Trung bo : 3 n v
Tng ng vi vung kinh te Khu bon cu.
3/ Vung kinh te Nam Trung bo : 7 n v
Bao gom vung kinh te duyen hai mien Trung va vung kinh
te Tay Nguyen ket hp lai.
4/ Vung kinh te Nam bo : 14 n v
Bao gom vung kinh te ong Nam bo va vung kinh te ong bang
song Cu Long ket hp lai.
1.Vung kinh te Tay Bac : 4 n v
ien Bien, Lai Chau, Sn La, Hoa Bnh.
2.Vung kinh te ong bac Bac bo : 13 n v
Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha giang, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Bac Can, Thai
Nguyen, Lang Sn, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Vnh Phuc, Phu Tho, Quang
Ninh.
3.Vung kinh te ong bang song Hong : 9 n v
Ha Noi, Hai Phong , Hai Dng , Hng Yen, Ha Nam, Nam nh,
Ninh Bnh, Ha Tay, Thai Bnh.
4.Vung kinh te Bac Trung bo : 6 n v
Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tnh, Quang Bnh, Quang Tr,
Tha Thien - Hue.
5.Vung kinh te ven bien Nam Trung bo : 6 n v
a Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Bnh nh, Phu Yen,
Khanh Hoa.
6.Vung kinh te Tay Nguyen : 4 n v
Kon Tom, Gia Lai, ac Lac, ac Nong.
7.Vung kinh te ong Nam bo : 9 n v
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, ong Nai, Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng,
Tay Ninh, Ba Ra - Vung Tau, Bnh Thuan, Ninh Thuan, Lam
ong.
8.Vung kinh te ong bang song Cu Long : 13 n v
Long An, Tien Giang , Ben Tre, ong Thap, An Giang, Vnh
Long , Tra Vinh, Soc Trang , Thanh pho Can Th , Hau
Giang , Kien Giang , Bac Lieu , Ca Mau .
Quy hoach la phng phap phan bo cu the kinh te, dan c, cau truc
ha tang san xuat va xa hoi tren mot lanh tho tng oi khong
ln.
Quy hoach vung la ly luan va thc tien phan bo hp ly nhat tren
lanh tho cua vung cac x nghiep san xuat, giao thong lien lac va
cac iem dan c vi s tnh toan tong hp cac nhan to va cac ieu
kien a ly, kinh te, kien truc xay dng, ky thuat cong trnh.
Quy hoach la mot tap hp cong tac ong bo nham phan bo co
can c dan c, sinh hoat, xay dng, thiet b va nhng phng tien
giao thong lien lac trai rong tren lanh tho.
Ca nc
ln qua
Tnh + Thanh pho ln
Quan, huyen
va
Phng, xa
Tnh, Thanh pho
nho
qua nho
PHAN VUNG KINH TE QUY HOACH VUNG
Noi dung nh hng san xuat
Phan bo cu the san xuat, dan c,
c s ha tang san xuat va xa
hoi
Pham vi
lanh tho
rong: Tren ca nc Hep: TP,quan ,huyen
Thi han dai 15 - 20 nam ngan 5 - 15 nam
Nguyen tac
t 4 nguyen tac nhieu 10 nguyen tac
Vung
ieu tra c
ban
Phan bo san
xuat
Phan vung kinh
te
Quy hoach vung
1 2 3 4
- Nguon lc
- C cau KT
1 nganh
1 c s
Nganh +
nganh
SX, DC, CSHT
Cong nghiep
Nong nghiep
Lam nghiep
Xay dng
AG
TP
BT
P = 500.000/T P = 740.000/T P = 650.000/T
T = 1000/T/km
550km
300km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
AG-TP
= 270 Km
R
TP-AG
= 30 Km
R
TP-BT
= 80 Km
R
BT-TP
= 170 Km
1/
Gx
1
= 770.000 / T
Gx
2
= 820.000 / T
X
1
X
2

AG (1Tan )
GM = 750.000
CPVC = 300.000
CP khac = 75.000
TP HCM (1 Tan )
GM =1.110.000
CPVC = 0
CP khac = 111.000
GM = 975.000
CPVC = 250.000
CP khac = 97.500
TCP =1.125.000 TCP = 1.221.000 TCP = 1.322.500
BT (1 Tan )
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 1.200.000/ Tan
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 1.200.000/ Tan
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 1.200.000/ Tan
Vay neu xuat khau se li
75.000/ Tan
Vay neu xuat khau se lo
21.000/ Tan
Vay neu xuat khau se lo
122.500/Tan
b/
CT
TP TH
P = 510.000/T P = 500.000/T P = 572.000/T
T 200/T/km
1600km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
CT-TP
= 55 Km
R
TP-CT
= 105 Km
R
TP-TH
= 1.000 Km
R
TH-TP
= 600 Km
2/
G
x1
= 521.000 / T G
x2
= 680.000 / T
160 km
T 180/T/km
QN
P = 680.000/T
b/ Co nen xay dng c s san xuat Quang Ngai ?
G
TP QN
= 500.000 + (180 x

800 ) = 644.000 / Tan
So sanh vi P
QN
= 680.000 / Tan, vay khong nen xay dng c s san
xuat tai Quang Ngai.
X
1 X
2
TP HP
P = 300.000/T G
NK
= 500.000/T P = 200.000/T
T 500/T/km
1600km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
TP-TH
= 750 Km
R
TH-TP
= 850 Km
R
TH-HP
= 100 Km
R
HP-TH
= 200 Km
3/
G
x1
= 675.000 / T G
x2
= 300.000 / T
300 km
N
P = 250.000/T
b/ Co nen nhap khau san pham tai cang a Nang ?
G
TH N
= 250.000 + (500 x

700 ) = 600.000 / Tan
So sanh vi G
NK
= 500.000 / Tan, vay nen nhap khau san pham tai
cang a Nang.
TH
900 km
X
1
X
2
R
N-TP
= 250 km R
N-TH
= 100 km
TP
QN
TH
P = 400.000/T P = 300.000/T P = 350.000/T
T 1.000/T/km
1.600km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
TP-QN
= 350 Km
R
QN-TP
= 450 Km
R
QN-TH
= 425 Km
R
TH-QN
= 375Km
4/
G
x1
= 750.000 / T G
x2
= 725.000 / T
800 km
b/
X
1
X
2
Q
TP
=
200 x 350 x 100
70
= 100.000 Tan
Q
QN
=
200 x ( 450 + 425 ) x 100
70
= 250.000 Tan
Q
TH
=
200 x 375 x 100
30
= 250.000 Tan
N QN
P = 300.000/T
P

= 500.000/T
P = 450.000/T
T 500/T/km
420km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
N-PY
= 420 Km
R
PY

-N
= 0 Km
R
PY-QN
= 40 Km
R
QN-PY
= 160 Km
5/
G
x1
= 510.000 / T G
x2
= G
x3
= 530.000 / T
200 km
PY
P = 510.000/T
B
70 km
R
N-QN
= R
N-PY
+ R
PY-QN
= 460 Km
R
QN-N
= R
QN-PY
=

160 km
X
1
X
2
b/ Co nen xay dng c s san xuat tai Bnh nh ?
G
QN

B
= 450.000 + (500 x 130 ) = 515.000 / Tan
So sanh vi P
B
= 500.000 / Tan, vay nen xay

dng c s san xuat tai Bnh nh.
R
B-QN
= 15 km R
B-PY
= 45 km
CT
TP
P = 940.000/T P = 1.100.000/T P = 1.000.000/T
T 1.000/T/km
640km
a/ R ? G
x
?
R
CT-TP
= 160 Km
R
TP-CT
= 0 Km
R
TP-QN
= 270 Km
R
QN-TP
= 370 Km
Bai tap tnh huong 1
160 km
QN
R
CT-QN
= R
CT-TP
+ R
TP-QN
= 430 km
R
QN-CT
= R
QN-TP
= 370 km

CT (1Tan )
GM =1.410.000
CPVC = 160.000
CP khac = 282.000
TP HCM (1 Tan )
GM =1.650.000
CPVC = 0
CP khac = 330.000
GM = 1.500.000
CPVC = 640.000
CP khac = 300.000
TCP =1.852.000 TCP = 1.980.000 TCP = 2.440.000
QN (1 Tan )
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 2.000.000/ Tan
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 2.000.000/ Tan
So sanh vi gia xuat
khau la 2.000.000/ Tan
Vay xuat khau se li
148.000/ Tan
Vay xuat khau se li
20.000/ Tan
Vay neu xuat khau se lo
440.000/Tan
b/
Chon san pham cua Can Th e xuat khau het 2.000.000Tan
- u iem
De tnh toan, de so sanh.
Vi cac ket qua bang so co the suy ra a iem at c s co
thch hp khong.
Do khong nam c sc mua cua ngi tieu dung nen khong
xac nh c qui mo san xuat.
Do khong nam bat c th hieu cua ngi tieu dung nen khi tnh
toan R co the > 0 nhng trong thc te san pham ban khong c.
- Nhc iem
Chng IV
^ ac iem chung ve to chc lanh tho cac nganh.
^ ac iem rieng ve to chc lanh tho cac n nganh.
^ Tnh hnh phat trien va phan bo cac nganh.
Tnh tap trung hoa
Tnh lien hiep hoa
Tnh chuyen mon hoa
Tnh hp tac hoa
^ Tap trung hoa theo x nghiep
Tap trung hoa theo x nghiep la tap trung phng tien san xuat va
sc lao ong vao mot x nghiep
X nghiep A

40 may, 300 cong nhan
10 may
50 cong nhan
50 may
350 cong nhan
Dung ch tieu cong suat thiet ke
e anh gia s tap trung theo x
nghiep
- Hnh thc 1 : Tap trung vao x nghiep nhng nganh khong lien
quan vi nhau ve quy trnh ky thuat hay phng phap cong
nghe.
-Hnh thc 2 : Tap trung vao x nghiep e san xuat mot san
pham vi quy mo ngay cang ln (Hnh thc nay con goi la
chuyen mon hoa).
- Hnh thc 3 :Tap trung vao x nghiep nhng nganh co lien
quan vi nhau ve quy trnh ky thuat hay phng phap cong nghe
(Hnh thc nay con goi la lien hiep hoa).
X nghiep san xuat xi
mang
C s san xuat
sat
X nghiep san xuat xi
mang
X nghiep san xuat xi
mang
au t may moc va
thu dung cong nhan e
san xuat xi mang nhieu
hn
C s san xuat hoa
chat, s dung kh CO
2

lam nguyen lieu
Hnh thc 1
Hnh thc 2 Hnh thc 3
^ Tap trung hoa theo vung
Tap trung nhieu x nghiep vao mot vung vi qui mo ngay
cang ln
Tap trung hoa theo vung do hai nhan to tao nen
+Tang so lng x nghiep vao mot vung
+Trong qua trnh phat trien cac x nghiep co xu hng
tap trung, m rong qui mo
- Hien ai hoa thiet b.
- Tang nang suat lao ong, ha gia thanh.
-Tao ieu kien lien hiep hoa, chuyen mon hoa, hp tac hoa.
- S dung tiet kiem cac nguon nguyen lieu, nhien lieu, nc, vat
t, nhan lc.
- S dung hp ly cac phng thc van tai.
-Giam bt von au t xay dng c ban cho cac cong trnh giao
thong van tai va dch vu cong cong.
Lam tieu hao nhanh chong cac nguon lc cua vung
oi hoi ky thuat cao
oi hoi cong nhan phai lanh nghe
Kho la chon a iem
Phai tang cng va thay oi phng thc van tai
Hnh thanh cac trung tam dan c ln, phc tap
Von au t ln, lau thu hoi von
Khong co li ve mat an ninh, quoc phong
( Ch xay ra khi tap trung hoa qua cao o )
Lien hiep hoa la mot hnh thc to chc lanh tho cua san
xuat cong nghiep hien ai, hnh thanh tren c s mot tap
hp nhieu x nghiep thuoc cac nganh cong nghiep khac
nhau, cung s dung chung mot so loai nguyen vat lieu ban
au e tao ra nhieu loai san pham khac nhau, thong nhat
trong mot x nghiep ln goi la x nghiep lien hiep.
- Lien hiep hoa Tap trung hoa
- S dung chung mot so loai nguyen vat lieu
e tao ra nhieu loai san pham khac nhau
Fe Luyen kim C kh
NaCl
NaOH
HCl
Cl
X nghiep lien
hiep
Ma
X nghiep
ng
ng
Mat
Ba ma
XN banh keo
XN hoa chat
XN giay
Bong
Vai
Chan man
Bao b
X nghiep lien hiep
Nh vay : lien hiep hoa phat trien manh trong
cac nganh luyen kim, cac nganh hoa chat,
che bien nong san , det
^ Giam chi ph au t xay dng x nghiep.
^Tao kha nang s dung tong hp nguyen vat lieu.
^Giam bt thi gian van chuyen, rut ngan qua trnh san
xuat.
^ Tang nang suat, ha gia thanh.
Viec thc hien lien hiep hoa ch tien hanh thuan li nhng vung
am bao cac ieu kien sau.
Co trnh o phat trien sc san xuat va tap trung
hoa cong nghiep cao.
Co nguon nguyen lieu, nhien lieu, nang lng
doi dao, th trng tieu thu rong.
Co mat bang rong va von au t nhieu.
Chuyen mon hoa la s phan chia mot qua trnh
san xuat hoan chnh thanh tng cong oan rieng
le va c cac x nghiep am nhan san xuat
San pham : xe ap
sn nien banh xch oc
XN
CMH
XN
CMH
XN
CMH
XN
CMH
Th trng can 100 san pham
100 100
100 100 100
200 200
> 100
30 XNCMH
29 XNCMH
XN
CMH
- Tang nang suat
- Tang chat lng
- Ha gia thanh
Cac x nghiep chuyen mon hoa co kha nang phan tan va t lien
he vi nhau, thieu thong tin ve nhau nen co the dan en mat
can oi ve san xuat
Ch tien hanh chuyen mon hoa khi bao am ieu kien la san
xuat phai lien tuc
Hp tac hoa la to chc s lien he san xuat
thng xuyen gia cac x nghiep chuyen mon hoa
khac nhau (oc lap vi nhau) e t nhieu nguon
nguyen lieu khac nhau san xuat ra mot san pham
nhat nh
- To chc s lien he gia cac x nghiep
- T nhieu nguon nguyen lieu khac nhau
cho ra mot san pham
Ch khi nao co chuyen mon hoa th mi can hp tac hoa
Hp tac hoa se khac phuc nhc iem cua chuyen mon hoa
Chuyen mon hoa cang sau th hp tac hoa se cang rong
at ai la t lieu san xuat ac biet, chu yeu va khong the thay
the c
San xuat nong nghiep chu anh hng nhieu cua cac ieu kien
t nhien,ac biet la kh hau, tho nhng, a hnh, thuy van. T
o,tao nen tnh chat vung trong san xuat nong nghiep
San xuat nong nghiep co tnh thi vu ro ret va thi gian lao
ong luon ngan hn thi gian san xuat
San xuat nong nghiep ngay cang co xu hng gan lien vi cong
nghiep che bien hien ai, giao thong van tai phat trien va nganh
thng mai
Trong hoat ong dch vu, ngi san xuat va ngi tieu dung dch
vu luon tiep can nhau va cung phoi hp vi nhau e tao ra san
pham.
V vay, cac c s dch vu ch co the phan bo nhng ni co nhu
cau dch vu, o thng la cac trung tam dan c ln, cac khu vc
o th, khu vc san xuat tap trung.
ni nao san xuat cang phat trien, dan c cang ong uc, mc
song vat chat va tinh than cang cao th dch vu cang phat trien va
co gia tr cao
Hoat ong dch vu co tnh ca biet hoa cao,qua trnh san
xuat va tieu dung dch vu cung dien ra mot luc,do o
kho t ong hoa, san xuat hang loat, kho ton kho va
van chuyen i xa. V vay, cac c s dch vu thng c
phan bo gan lien vi san xuat va i song cua so
ong dan c lam xuat hien cac iem dan c o th mi:
cac khu du lch, khu vui chi giai tr, cac nut giao thong,
cac khu thng mai
Dchvu hien ai ang tien ti gan lien vi san xuat cong
nghiep sieu vi va hnh thanh cac san pham hon hp va
vat chat, va phi vat chat ( va hu hnh, va vo hnh ):
cac dch vu tin hoc, bu chnh vien thongac iem nay
lam cho cac hoat ong dch vu thng c phat trien va
phan bo nhng khu vc tap trung cac nganh cong
nghiep ky thuat cao, cac trung tam van hoa, khoa hoc ky
thuat .
Cong nghiep nang lng
Nhiet ien
Thuy ien
- Khoang san: than, dau,
kh ot
- Sc nc
- Von au t thap hn - Von au t cao hn
- Thi gian xay dng ngan - Thi gian xay dng dai
- Gia thanh san pham cao - Gia thanh san pham thap
- Thng gay o nhiem moi
trng
- Tac ong en moi trng
theo hng tieu cc
Ho
Giam dien tch at ai
Lng nc ngam tut thap
Kh hau thay oi
Thc vat thay oi
Vung ha lu
- Nong nghiep va ng nghiep giam san lng
- Chat lng nc thay oi
- Gay o nhiem moi trng do thc vat phan huy
- Co the gay nen tnh trang ong at
Xay dng nha may thuy ien
Cong nghiep la nganh co toc o tang trng nhanh
Cong nghiep la nganh ngay cang m rong v tr va
vai tro trong nen kinh te
Cong nghiep la nganh nhan von au t cua Nha nc cao
Cong nghiep la nganh nhan von au t t nc
ngoai nhieu

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008


VN

9,34

5,76

6,79

7,08

7,79

8,44

8,23

8,46

6,18

NN,LN,TS

4,40

3,53

4,63

4,17

4,36

4,02

3,69

3,76

4,07

CN,XD

14,46

8,33

10,07

9,48

10,22

10,69

10,38

10,22

6,11

DV

8,80

5,08

5,32

6,54

7,26


8,48

8,29

8,85

7,18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
VN NN,LN,TS CN,XD DV
%
Nam

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2005

2006

2008

NN,LN,TS

27,43

27,76

25,78

24,53

23,03

21,76

20,97

20,40

22,10

CN,XD

28,87

29,73

32,49

36,73

38,49

40,09

41,02

41,54

39,73

DV

43,70

42,51

41,73

38,74

38,48

38,15

38,01

38,06

38,17
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NN,LN,TS CN,XD DV
C cau kinh te cua Viet Nam (% GDP )
Nam
Ty VN
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Tong so 290.927 343.135 404.712 532.093 610.876
Nong,lam,
thuy san

22.963

25.749

30.087

33.960

38.978
CN
khai thac mo

22.477

26.862

30.963

37.922

50.962
CN che bien 58.715 68.297 80.379 108.419 108.124
Xay dng 11.197 13.202 16.043 21.136 25.005
Khac 175.575 209.025 247.240 330.656 387.807
2.953
697
7.331
NN,LN,TS CN,XD DV
161
43
171
NN,LN,TS CN,XD DV
Cong nghiep Viet Nam ngay cang co xu hng phan bo tap
trung. Tao thanh cac vung kinh te trong iem, khu cong
nghiep, khu che xuat, khu cong nghe cao.
Vung kinh te trong iem phai am bao cac ac trng:
^Co kha nang phat trien manh hai nganh cong nghiep va dch vu.
^Co toc o tang trng nhanh.
^Co kha nang thu hut von au t nc ngoai cao.
^Co kha nang thuc ay s phat trien kinh te cua cac khu vc lan
can.
Hien nay, Viet Nam co 3 vung kinh te trong iem
Vung kinh te trong iem Bac bo: nam tren a phan cua TP Ha
Noi, Hai Phong, tnh Quang Ninh, Hai Dng va Bac Ninh.
Vung kinh te trong iem Trung bo: nam tren a phan TP Hue, TP
a Nang va pha Bac cua tnh Quang Ngai.
Vung kinh te trong iem Nam bo: nam tren a phan TP Ho Ch
Minh, tnh ong Nai, Bnh Dng, Tay Ninh, Bnh Phc, Ba Ra- Vung
Tau.
Khu cong nghiep la khu tap trung cac doanh nghiep
chuyen san xuat hang cong nghiep va thc hien cac
dch vu cho san xuat cong nghiep, co ranh gii a ly
xac nh, khong co dan c sinh song. Trong khu cong
nghiep co the co doanh nghiep che xuat.
KHU CONG NGHIEP
Doanh nghiep san xuat cong
nghiep
Khong co dan c sinh
song
Hang rao co cung c
khong co cung c
^ Dien tch phai rong
^Gan nguon nguyen lieu ( neu khong gan th giao thong phai tien
li, nhat la ng bo )
^Gan nguon nhan lc (ca lao ong co trnh o lan lao ong gian
n)
^Gan khu vc th trng (neu khong gan th giao thong cung phai
thuan tien)
Khu cong nghiep nen xay dng tai vung ven cac thanh pho ln
Khu che xuat la khu cong nghiep tap trung cac doanh
nghiep che xuat chuyen san xuat hang xuat khau,
thc hien cac dch vu cho san xuat hang xuat khau
va hoat ong xuat khau, co ranh gii a ly xac
nh, khong co dan c sinh song.
Hang rao la
bat buoc
Khu che xuat
Doanh nghiep
che xuat
Khong co dan c
sinh song
Co cong ra vao
Co hai quan rieng
May moc, thiet b,
nguyen lieu t nc
ngoai a vao khu che
xuat mien thue nhap
khau
San pham t khu che
xuat a ra nc ngoai
mien thue xuat khau
May moc, thiet b,
nguyen lieu cua Viet Nam
a vao KCX chu thue
xuat khau
San pham t KCX em
vao th trng VN tieu
thu phai chu thue nhap
khau
- Dien tch phai rong
- Gan nguon nguyen lieu ( neu khong gan th giao thong phai tien
li, nhat la ng hang khong, hang hai )
- Gan nguon nhan lc (ca lao ong co trnh o lan lao ong gian
n)
Khu che xuat nen xay dng tai vung ven cac thanh pho ln va
phai tien li ve giao thong hang khong,hang hai
oi tng
Khu cong nghiep Khu che xuat
Doanh nghiep che xuat
Hnh thc s
hu von au
t
100% von nc ngoai
Von lien doanh
100% von trong nc
100% von nc ngoai
Von lien doanh
Th trng tieu
thu
Tai Viet Nam
Tai nc ngoai
Tai nc ngoai
S u ai cua
Viet Nam
t Nhieu
Doanh nghiep trong nc t hn
Doanh nghiep che xuat cao
hn
Doanh nghiep san xuat cong
nghiep
Khu cong nghe cao la khu tap trung cac doanh nghiep
cong nghiep ky thuat cao va cac n v hoat ong
phuc vu cho phat trien cong nghe cao gom nghien cu
- trien khai khoa hoc - cong nghe,ao tao va cac dch
vu lien quan, co ranh gii a ly xac nh. Trong khu
cong nghe cao co the co doanh nghiep che xuat.
Hien nay, Viet Nam co 130 khu cong nghiep tap trung
126 khu cong nghiep
2 khu che xuat
2 khu cong nghe cao
KCX Tan Thuan
KCX Linh Trung
KCNC Hoa Lac
(Ha Tay)
KCNC TP Ho Ch Minh
^Dien tch at quy hoach : 26.517 ha, phan bo tren 45 tnh va TP. Quy
mo bnh quan 200 ha/ KCN, trong o ln nhat la KCN Phu My I
vi dien tch 954,4ha, nho nhat la KCN Bnh Chieu vi dien tch
28ha.(khong ke khu cong nghiep Dung Quat)
^Lao ong trc tiep : 750.000 ngi va hn 1 trieu lao ong gian tiep.
^Cuoi 2005: au t trong nc: 2.314 d an, tong von au t : 103.000
ty VN.
^Cuoi 2005: au t nc ngoai: 2.202 d an.Tong von au t: 17,6 ty
USD
1/ Khu cong nghe cao Hoa lac c Thu tng ra quyet nh
thanh lap thang 10 nam 1998. Quy hoach tong the tren
dien tch 1.650 ha. Hien nay, mi ch thc hien bc 1
- giai oan 1 la 200 ha.
2/ Khu cong nghe cao Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh c Thu
tng ra quyet nh thanh lap thang 10 nam 2002, nam
trung tam cua vung kinh te trong iem pha Nam. Quy
hoach tong the tren dien tch 913 ha, c chia ra lam 2
giai oan - giai oan 1: 300 ha, giai oan 2: 613 ha.
Chng V
+ Tong the kinh te the gii ngay nay
+ Cac to chc lien ket kinh te theo khu vc
+ V tr va vai tro cua Viet Nam trong Tong the kinh te
the gii va khu vc
Toan canh nen kinh te the gii
Cac tieu thc anh gia trnh o phat trien kinh te -
xa hoi cua mot quoc gia
Cac nhom nc tren the gii
GNP la tong gia tr toan bo cac san pham cuoi cung va
cac hoat ong dch vu c tao ra hang nam cua moi nc
khong ke cac san pham trung gian va cac phan gia tr phai
chi tra cho ngi nc ngoai, nhng lai bao gom ca phan gia
tr c tao ra nc ngoai ma thuoc quyen s hu cua
ngi trong nc.
G
1
G
2
G
3
GNP = G
1
G
2
+ G
3
GNP = G
1
+ G
3
GDP = G
1
GDP = G
1
+ G
2
GNP nhan manh kha canh chu s hu cua cac gia tr c
tao ra, bat ke tao ra ni nao.
GDP nhan manh kha canh khong gian lanh tho cua cac gia
tr c tao ra, bat ke no thuoc ve ai, ve quoc gia nao.
Quy mo GNP cang cao nen kinh te cang phat trien
GNP
TG
( 2007) : 54.347 ty USD
GNP
TG
OECD
72 % GNP
TG
> 20 nc cong nghiep phat
trien
15 % GNP
TG
Gan 200 quoc gia
con lai
13 % GNP
TG
Nc phat trien
Nc ang phat
trien
GDP la tong gia tr toan bo cac san pham cuoi cung va
cac hoat ong dch vu c tao ra hang nam cua moi
nc, khong ke cac san pham trung gian va cac phan gia
tr cua ngi trong nc c tao ra nc ngoai, nhng
lai bao gom ca nhng phan gia tr cua ngi nc ngoai
c tao ra trong lanh tho quoc gia.
+GNP = GDP
1/ Tnh tren pham vi toan the gii
2/ Cac quoc gia khep kn nen kinh te
3/ Cac quoc gia co au t ra nc ngoai bang thu hut au t vao
trong nc
+ GNP > GDP
Khi G
3
> G
2

+ GNP < GDP
Khi G
3
< G
2

Quoc gia phat trien.
Quoc gia ang phat trien
GNI la ch tieu phan anh tong thu nhap lan au c tao ra t cac
yeu to thuoc s hu cua quoc gia tham gia vao hoat ong san xuat
tren lanh tho quoc gia hay nc ngoai trong mot thi ky nhat
nh .
GNI bang tong san pham trong nc (GDP) cong chenh lech gia thu
nhap cua ngi lao ong Viet Nam nc ngoai gi ve va thu
nhap cua ngi nc ngoai Viet Nam gi ra nc ngoai cong vi
chenh lech gia thu nhap s hu nhan c t nc ngoai vi thu
nhap s hu tra nc ngoai.
GDP
VN
( 2007 ) = 1.143.715 ty VN
GDP
VN
( 2008 ) = 1.477.717 ty VN
GNI
VN
( 2007 ) = 1.109.404 ty VN
GNI
VN
( 2008 ) = 1.428.952 ty VN
Trong o (2008)
GDP :1.477.717 ty VN
Thu nhap thuan tuy t nc ngoai: - 48.765 ty VN
GNI so vi GDP ch bang 96,7 %
Viet Nam la nc ang phat trien mc thap
GNP/ ngi (GDP/
ngi)
(GNI / ngi)
=
GNP ( GDP )(GNI )
Tong so dan cung nam
GDP / ngi
TG
=
( 2007 )
54.347 ty USD
6,6 ty ngi
= 8.234 USD
GDP / ngi cua Thuy Sy (2007) : 55.035 USD
GDP / ngi cua Viet Nam (2007) : 834 USD
(2008) : 1034 USD
-GDP / ngi cua an Mach (2007) : 56.427 USD
-GDP / ngi cua Iceland (2007) : 62.735 USD
-GDP / ngi cua Ireland (2007) : 58.396 USD
-GDP / ngi cua Na Uy (2007) : 81.108 USD
-GDP / ngi cua Luxembourg (2007): 99.880 USD
-GDP / ngi cua M (2007) : 45.790 USD
-GDP / ngi cua Thuy Sy (2007) : 55.035 USD
-GDP/ ngi (PPP) cua Thuy Sy (07) : 43.080 USD
Thu nhap bnh quan au ngi
( P.P.P - Purchasing Power Parity )
GNP,GDP,GNI qui oi sang ong USD quoc te theo he so qui oi ngang gia
sc mua (PPP).Theo ty gia nay, mot ong USD quoc te co sc mua
nhng nc khac nhau se tng ng vi sc mua cua USD trong nc
My.
Tai Thuy Sy - 1 USD mua c 1 kg gao
Tai My - 1 USD mua c 2 kg gao
Tai Viet Nam - 1 USD mua c 4 kg gao
Nh vay, 1 kg co gia 0,5 USD
GDP/ ngi cua VN - 2007: 834 USD
GDP/ ngi cua VN ( PPP)- 2007: 2.550 USD
T =
Xuat khau
Nhap khau
X 100
T = 100 % . Suy ra, xuat khau = nhap khau
T > 100 %. Suy ra, xuat khau > nhap khau
T < 100 %. Suy ra, xuat khau < nhap khau
Nam 2008, VN xuat khau : 62,685 ty USD
VN nhap khau: 80,714 ty USD
VN nhap sieu : 18,029 ty USD
C cau kinh te la ty trong tng quan gia ba nhom
nganh (ba khu vc) kinh te: nong nghiep (ke ca
lam, ng nghiep), cong nghiep (ke ca xay dng c
ban) va dch vu. Nhng nc co cong nghiep va
dch vu chiem ty trong ln la nhng nc phat
trien manh, thu nhap quoc dan cao.
Nong nghiep
Cong
nghiep
Dch vu
Toan the gii
5 31 64
Cac nc thu
nhap cao
2 33 65
Cac nc co thu nhap
trung bnh
10 38 52
Cac nc co thu nhap
thap
23 32 45
Viet Nam
20,89 41,04 38,07
NONG NGHIEP - CONG NGHIEP - DCH VU
Nc cham phat trien
CONG NGHIEP - NONG NGHIEP - DCH VU
Nc cong nghiep hoa mi (NIC)
CONG NGHIEP - DCH VU - NONG NGHIEP
Nc phat trien
DCH VU - CONG NGHIEP - NONG NGHIEP
Nc phat trien cao
HDI la s ket hp va lng hoa ba yeu to
Thu nhap bnh quan au ngi ( PPP )
Giao duc
Ty le ngi biet ch
So nam i hoc trung bnh
Tuoi tho trung bnh cua quoc gia.
HDI
MAX
= 1
HDI
MIN
= 0
0 =< HDI =< 1
HDI
VietNam
(2006)=0,718. Xep hang 114 / 179 quoc gia
HDI
Na Uy
= 0,968. Xep hang 2 / 179 quoc gia
HDI
Iceland
= 0,968. Xep hang 1 /179 quoc gia
HDI
Cambodia
= 0,575. Xep hang 136 /179 quoc gia
HDI
Laos
= 0,608. Xep hang 133 / 179 quoc gia
HDI
Myanmar
=0,585. Xep hang 135 / 179 quoc gia
HDI
Sierra Leone
= 0,329. Xp hng 179/ 179 quc gia
Toan the gii : 230 quoc gia
Cac nc phat trien Khoang 30
quoc gia
Cac nc ang
phat trien
Khoang 200 quoc gia

- Cac nc phat trien cao
7 quoc gia
- Cac nc phat trien trung bnh
> 20 quoc gia
- Cac nc cong nghiep hoa mi
7 quoc gia
- Cac nc ang phat trien TB
Khoang 144 quoc gia
- Cac nc cham phat trien
49 quoc gia
CAC NC CHAM PHAT TRIEN (LDC)
Thang 5 nam 2001 co 49 quoc gia b xep vao nhom
LDC:
Chau Phi: 34 quoc gia
Chau A: 9 quoc gia
Chau Uc: 5 quoc gia
Chau My La Tinh: 1 quoc gia (Haiti)

Qui mo GNP (GDP) nho
Toc o tang trng kinh te cham
Thu nhap bnh quan au ngi thap
Thng xuyen thieu an, phai nhan tr cap t nc ngoai
N nc ngoai nhieu va khong co kha nang tra n
Tai nguyen thien nhien can, kho thu hut au t nc ngoai
Ty le ngi biet ch thap
Tuoi tho trung bnh cua ngi dan thap
Nhan lc thieu ve so lng, kem ve chat lng
( The Association of South East Asian Nation )
+ Qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien
8-8-1967 : Bo trng ngoai giao cac nc Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand ky ban tuyen bo thanh lap ASEAN
8-1-1984 : Brunei gia nhap
28-7-1995 : Viet Nam gia nhap
28-7-1997 : Lao, Myanmar gia nhap
30-4-1999 : Campuchia gia nhap
Quoc gia Dien tch
(Nghnkm
2
)
Dan so (Trieu
ngi)
Mat o dan so
(Ngi/km
2
)
T le dan
thanh th
Brunei 6 0,4 66 72 (%)
Cambodia 181 14,7 81 15 (%)
Indonesia 1.919 239,9 126 48 (%)
Laos 237 5,9 25 27 (%)
Malaysia 330 27,2 82 62 (%)
Myanmar 677 49,8 74 29 (%)
Philippines 300 88,7 296 48 (%)
Singapore 0,6 4,6 6.785 100 (%)
Vietnam 331,2 85,2 257 27,4 (%)
Thailand 513 65,7 128 33 (%)
East Timor 15 1,0 70 22 (%)
Tong cong 4.495 565,0 126 38 (%)
Quoc gia 2006
(Trieu USD)
Toc o tang (%)
2006
2007
(Trieu USD)
Toc o tang (%)
2007
Brunei 11.561,6 5,14
Cambodia 7.264,7 10,83 8.627,8 10,34
East Timor 326,8 -5,76 395,4 7,77
Indonesia 364.459,1 5,51 432.817,3 6,32
Laos 3.403,7 7,57 4.008,4 7,09
Malaysia 156.086,1 5,90 180.713,9 5,70
Myanmar - - - -
Philippines 117.562,2 5,45 144.128,9 7,33
Singapore 136.565,8 9,44 161.347,4 7,72
Thailand 206.703,3 5,11 245.818,1 4,75
Vietnam 60.827,0 8,23 70.994,1 8,46
Quoc gia 2004 2005 2006 2007
Brunei 91,3 88,4 89,0 -
Cambodia 99,0 98,5 96,2 91,1
East Timor 152,2 219,8 298,6 405,8
Indonesia 94,0 96,2 86,7 86,2
Laos 96,1 90,7 88,1 -
Malaysia 92,0 95,0 95,2 96,1
Philippines 112,6 108,6 102,2 99,0
Singapore 96,5 95,6 93,8 92,3
Thailand 95,6 96,6 91,9 88,4
Vietnam 98,1 98,0 97,8 97,0
Quoc gia 2005
(USD)
2006
(USD)
2007
(USD)
Brunei 25.496,6 30.269,7 -
Cambodia 449,4 511,7 597,2
East Timor 340,2 317,5 371,0
Indonesia 1.301,1 1.634,0 1.918,3
Laos 508,8 591,0 684,0
Malaysia 5.346,9 5.977,2 6.806,7
Myanmar 199,0 - -
Philippines 1.167,3 1.362,8 1.639,8
Singapore 28.078,6 31.027,8 35.162,7
Thailand 2.800,2 3.258,0 3.851,0
Vietnam 639,1 723,0 833,5
Quoc gia 2005
(USD)
2006
(USD)
2007
(USD)
Brunei 47.465 49.898 49.900
Cambodia 1.453 1.619 1.690
Indonesia 3.234 3.455 3.580
Laos 1.812 1.980 1.940
Malaysia 11.466 12.536 13.570
Myanmar 838 881 -
Philippines 2.932 3.153 3.730
Singapore 41.479 47.426 48.520
Thailand 6.869 7.613 7.880
Vietnam 2.142 2.363 2.550
Quoc gia Xuat khau
(ty USD)
Nhap khau
(ty USD)
Xuat khau bnh quan
au ngi (USD)
Brunei 7,67 2,1 19.661,5
Indonesia 118,73 93,09 526,2
Malaysia 176,03 146,77 6.630,1
Philippines 50,27 57,71 572,0
Singapore 299,27 263,16 65.220,8
Thailand 153,10 140,80 2.398,5
Vietnam 48,56 62,76 570,2
Laos 0,84 1,07 143,6
Cambodia 4,40 5,30 304,6
Myanmar 6,32 3,28 129,5
Quoc gia Nong nghiep Cong nghiep Dch vu
Brunei 0,70 73,39 25,91
Indonesia 12,90 47,05 40,06
Malaysia 8,71 49,94 41,35
Philippines 14,18 31,63 54,19
Singapore 0,09 34,74 65,17
Thailand 10,68 45,76 44,41
Vietnam 20,40 41,54 38,06
Laos 42,01 32,46 25,53
Cambodia 30,10 26,22 43,68
East Timor 32,20 12,80 55,10
Quoc gia Nong nghiep Cong nghiep Dch vu
Brunei - - -
Indonesia 13,83 46,74 39,43
Malaysia 8,51 50,63 40,86
Philippines 13,51 31,32 55,17
Singapore 0,08 31,10 68,81
Thailand 10,84 43,85 45,31
Vietnam 20,34 41,48 38,18
Laos - - -
Cambodia - - -
Quoc gia HDI Xep hang/179 quoc gia
Brunei 0,919 27
Indonesia 0,726 109
Malaysia 0,823 63
Philippines 0,745 102
Singapore 0,918 28
Thailand 0,786 81
Vietnam 0,718 114
Laos 0,608 133
Cambodia 0,575 136
Myanmar 0,585 135
East Timor 0,483 158
TAC ONG CUA ASEAN OI VI NEN KINH TE VN
NEN KINH TE VN
^TAC ONG TCH CC
- Giup VN ay manh qua trnh hoi nhap vi nen kinh te khu vc
va the gii.
- Kch thch VN thay oi manh me nen kinh te theo hng cong
nghiep hoa phuc vu xuat khau.
- Giup VN tham gia tch cc vao qua trnh phan cong lao ong quoc
te.
- Kch thch cac doanh nghiep trong nc oi mi ky thuat, cong
nghe, nang cao trnh o quan ly.
- Thc hien Hiep nh CEPT tao c hoi cho VN m rong th
trng xuat khau sang cac nc khu vc va the gii.
- Tao ieu kien thuan li e VN ay nhanh toc o thu hut
von au t nc ngoai.
- Thuc ay VN cai to nhanh bo may to chc , c che
quan ly tam v mo.
- Tao ieu kien nang cao i song cua ngi dan.
^TAC ONG TIEU CC
-Cong nghe lac hau, trnh o quan ly yeu, chat lng hang hoa
thap gia thanh cao se khong canh tranh lai.
-Neu khong thay oi c cau hang xuat khau, nen kinh te VN va
doanh nghiep se hng li t hn cac nc khac.
-S ong gop tai chnh va con ngi, con ngi cho ASEAN cung la
chi ph khong nho oi vi VN.
-Neu khong tch cc cai thien moi trng au t, nang cap ha tang
c s th von au t nc ngoai vao VN se giam sut.