Motorola BTS

Objective
To be able to understand the functional areas of Motorola Horizon I&II macro cabinet, description of their digital modules and cabinet RF components Introduction & description of VSWR, RF feeder cables and antennas To understand BTS Command Interface with Procom plus TX Calibration of single/double density DRIs

Table of Contents
Introduction to BSS BTS Basics HMAC II & I features VSWR, Antenna Tilting DRIs TX/RX Calibration Command interface Tools Required
3

Introduction to BSS

GSM Architecture
BSS - Base Station Subsystem VLR BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BSC
PSTN ISDN PSPDN

OMC HLR

BSC

MSC
IWF

EIR

AC

NSS - Network Subsystem

MS Air Abis A

SC
Transcoder

NMS - Network Management System

Transcoder function

Although transcoder is considered to be a part of BSS, it is most often located closer to MSC. Basic function is to reduce the data rate of the signals from MSC

BTS Site

A base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network.

BTS Site Block Diagram

Main Processor Alarms collection and management, transceivers management, software download, controlling expansions and interface panels Clock source unit Deliver a stable clocking source to all digital equipments Interface Panel Translate the source data (Abis) to BTS Format digital data Base Band Unit the digital data is processed following the GSM standard, this unit creates a data which ready to be feed to RF Unit Power Supply Unit produces a power for whole equipments in the BTS RF Unit converts the digital signal to Radio Frequency Signal (air interface signal) following the GSM Standard. This signal type is still as an electrical signal. Antenna Unit Antenna as a traditional unit, have a function to convert electrical signal to electromagnetic signal.

Basic block diagram of cabinet

Antenna

Three Main Functional areas: 1. 2. 3. Digital Cards Radios (CTU/CTU2) RF equipment

RF interface to Antenna ( Transmit - Combining and filtering) (Receive Amplification and filtering)

DRI

DRI

DRI

DRI

DRI

DRI

E1 Link

Digital Cage == Controls the cabinet Alarms Power Supplies

HMACII Front View

Alarm Board

Circuit Breaker Card (CBC)

Site Controller (HIISC)

Power Supply Units (PSU) Cooling Fans

CTU2

HMAC II Front view

Power Supply SURF2 Site I/O Panel

Link Interface Board

Tx Blocks EAS Alarm, PIX 0 & 1

Power Supply Unit

Maximum 4x PSU per cabinet One for Redundancy Depends on the number of Radios fitted. The Cabinet can support the three types of power supply +27V (negative earth) -48V (positive earth) Nominal 120/240V AC

Power Supply Unit

Nominal Voltage Voltage supply range Current supply maximum

+27 V dc +19.5 to +30 V 204A (at nominal (negative earth) dc voltage) -48 v dc -39 to 72 V dc 99A (at nominal voltage) (Positive earth) 120/240 V ac (50 to 60 Hz) 88 to 270 V 45A (at nominal voltage)

-48 VDC Power Supply Unit

Alarm LED Attachment screw Active LED

Output Disable switch

Air Vent

Handle

PSU Alarms

All three unit types support the same PSU Alarms: O/P over/under voltage. I/P under voltage. Over temperature. Internal Fan failure.

Circuit Breaker Card (CBC)

6x CCB for CTU2 2x Push Button HIISC 2x Push Button SURF2 1x Tx RF Blocks 1x FAN trays

HIISC Controller
Status LEDs

HIISC controller acts as a main processor for horizon macro II cabinet. Its main features include Backward compatible with MCUF Integrated NIU Integrated FMUX E1 Support Enhanced E1 redundancy Removable flash media capacity

Compact Flash Slot

TTY MMI

Reset Buttons

Expanding a BTS

XMUX

Locatio n

XMUX in slot 0

Fibre connections IN/OUT

Components interconnections
Horizon II Cabinet

CTUII radio(s) H-II Radio

TDM

H-II Expansion Cabinet

Alarm Site IO XMUX XMUX

HIISC NBSC

Site IO Horizonmacro Cabinet

FMUX FMUX

Alarm

Input/Output I/O Card

Connects up to 3x extra cabinets Fibre optic connections

GPS connector (not supported) Site Expansion Board

Expansion configurations
E1 Horizon II macro (6xCTU2) X M U X Horizon II macro (6xCTU2)

Two Horizon II macros expanded.

Horizon II macro (6xCTU2)

X M U X

E1 Horizon II macro (6xCTU2) F M U X Horizonmacro (6 x CTU)

Horizon II macro, expanded to a Horizon II macro and a Horizonmacro.

Horizonmacro controlling a Horizon II macro and another Horizonmacro.

Cabinet Temperature Control Operating range -5 C to +45 C Three Internal FAN units speed controlled 3x Cabinet Temperature Sensors
1x (70 C) for cabinet alarm 2x (85 C) to shutdown the cabinet, reset at 55 C.

Alarm Board

Mains

Provides External alarm monitoring from the cabinet via the backplane Cabinet Power Supply Units Environmental controlled devices(over temperature Customer defined alarms(EAS) Antenna VSWR monitoring(via TX blocks)

ALL LEDs are GREEN when the equipment is OK RED when equipment is faulty

Door 1

LVD Fan 0

Fan 1 & 2

Compact Transceiver Unit ( CTU2) Single Density Mode High Power 63W (48dbm) 900MHz 50W (47dbm) 1800MHz Normal Power 20W (43dbm) 900MHz 16W (42dbm) 1800MHz

Double Density Mode Normal Power 20W (43dbm) 900MHz 16W (42dbm) 1800MHZ

Compact Transceiver Unit 2 (CTU2)

TRANSMIT RF OUT

The CTU2 transceiver has the ability to support two logical carriers within a single transceiver unit. A CTU2 is backward compatible with HMAC I through software control.

TTY INTERFACE

Radio Status LED Tx Status A LED Tx Status B LED

RF Equipment
RF Equipment

Sectorized Universal Receiver Frontend

Diversity Antenna

Cabinet TX Blocks Transmitter RF Blocks New RF Blocks: DUP - Duplexer HCU - Hybrid Combiner Unit DHU - Dual Hybrid Combiner Unit Connecting Panels Blanking Plate Feedthrough plate

SURF

RX Connecto r Feedthrough and Connecting Plates Duplexer

Blanking Plate

Duplexer

Feedthrough Plate

DUP Block Diagrams

DHU & HCU Block Diagrams

VSWR Monitoring
To SURF

Antenna
VSWR Monitor

Rx Filter Tx Filter

The Antenna VSWR monitoring function is used to detect faults in antennas or antenna path connections.
Tx

Tx Block
Alarm Board

CTU2
Signal

HMAC I

HMAC I cabinet comprises of three main parts

Power Supply Module Circuit Breaker Module Binary PSM

MCUF Controller Card

Main features of MCUF Include

Maintenance and operational/control

processing Switching of traffic and control information The functionality of two FMUX Support up to six transceivers via backplane in first cabinet and up to an additional 18 transceivers via FMUX connections to other cabinets Support of up to six E1 circuits, via NIU modules

Compact Transceiver Unit 1 (CTU)

It contains Digital Circuits which provide the following capabilities: Handling the process of Encoding, Decoding. Handling of 8 time slot (1 carrier signal). Transmit power control. Handling the diversity process which will improve the reception process

Power Supply Module

BPSM Card

Circuit Breaker Module

HMAC II vs HMAC I
Function
Input power conversion units (max fitted) Power to transceivers and signal routeing Transceivers (max fitted) Main processor module (Max fitted)

Horizon II macro component

PSU (4) Backplane CTU2 (6) HIISC (2)

Horizonmacro I equivalent
PSM (3) BPSM and backplane CTU (6) MCUF (2)

Processor module connection to transceivers in Internal XMUX in HIISC (1) and separate Internal FMUX in another cabinet site expansion boards MCUF (2) or (1 or 2) external FMUX (2) Slave cabinet multiplexer Rx components (Max fitted) Transceiver to Rx components TX blocks (Max fitted internally) DC power supply for digital modules (Max fitted) Equipment protection/isolation Links to terrestrial network (Max fitted) Alarm Handling E1/T1 links XMUX SURF2 (2) SURF2 harness DUP, HCU and DHU (6) Integrated in HIISC supplied via backplane CBC Internal NIU in HIISC Alarm Module *** CIM/T43 or BIM/BIB FMUX SURF (1) SURF harness DCF, TDF, DDF and HCU (3) BPSM (2) CBM NIU (4) Alarm Module CIM/T43 or BIM/BIB

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is the ratio of the maximum voltage amplitude of a reflected wave ( ) to the minimum voltage amplitude ( ), in an electrical transmission line. Reflections occur as a result of discontinuities, such as an imperfection in an otherwise uniform transmission line, or when a transmission line is terminated with other than its characteristic impedance.

= | | (Reflection Coefficient)

VSWR Standards

DBC(DUAL BAND CMBINERS) ( MAX 1.09)

GSM Measure Match = 1.35 DCS Measure Match = 1.45

Antenna Jumper

1.08

1.09 DBC

1.06 Arrestor s 1.16

1.04

Antenna BTS

Fault Location
D ista n c e T o F a u lt
D is t a n c e : 0 m e t e r s - 5 0 m e t e r s ( F u ll C a l) P S H .0 0 1 4 .R M C . D C S .S E C .B 1 9 /1 1 /2 0 0 8 5 : 1 1 : 0 0 P M
1 .4 1 .3 1 .2 1 .1 1 .0 0 5 10 15 20 25 D is ta n c e ( m e te r s ) 30 35 40 45 50 1
L im it: 1 .4 0 0

M 1 : ( 3 2 .8 1 , 1 .1 8 )

VSWR

Measure Match
F r e q u e n c y : 1 7 1 0 M H z - 1 8 8 0 M H z ( F u ll C a l) P S H .0 0 1 4 .R M C .D C S .S E C .A 9 /1 1 /2 0 0 8 5 : 2 3 : 0 0 P M
1 .3 1 .2 VSWR 1 .1 1 .0 1725 1750 1775 1800 F re q u e n c y (M H z ) 1825 1850 1875 1

V SW R

M 1 : (1 8 7 9 .2 8 , 1 .3 5 )

RF cable Advantages

50 ohm RF Communication feeder cable Advantages: 1. Excellent Electrical performances: 80% super-high degree foaming polyethylene insulation of features with low attenuation and stability in case of temperature variation. The extra-precisely corrugated copper tube outer conductor, characteristic of low VSWR makes the cable a choice even in high-frequency applications. 2. Simple use and complete range: The light, flexible and easily-bending thin-wall corrugated copper conductor offers convenience for terminal work. 3. Ease of maintenance: The special structure presents premises for effective moistureproofing, thus assuring performances stability in terms of long period.

RF Cable Grounding Locations

All outdoor antenna feeder runs should be grounded at their lowest point just prior to entering the base station or radio enclosure. Depending on the height of the tower run, additional ground points may be required (see table below).

Individual grounding

Groundin g Kit

Bundled grounding
Grounding Kit

Tools Required (VSWR)

Insulation cutter

Knife Warding Files Site Master

Open End Spanners

Closed End Spanners

Adjustable Spanners

Cable Cutter

EMR
Antennas

Antenna
An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer that transmits or receives electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert electromagnetic radiation into electrical current, or vice versa. Physically, an antenna is an arrangement of one or more conductors, usually called elements A dipole antenna is an antenna that can be made by a simple wire, with a center-fed driven element for transmitting or receiving radio frequency energy.

Emission (Radiation) Pattern

Emission of a dipole is maximal in the plane perpendicular to the dipole and zero in the direction of wires, that is, the current direction.

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

EMR comprises electric and magnetic field components, which oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave is defined as the orientation of the electric field vector

Beam Tilting

Beam tilt is used in radio to aim the main lobe of the vertical plane radiation pattern of an antenna below (or above) the horizontal plane. Simplest way is mechanical tilting, but it creates a back lobe More common is the electrical tilting, where the phasing between antenna elements is tweaked to make the signal go down (usually) in all directions

Tilt Vs Gain

BTS Command Interface

Procom Plus

Display Alarms (EAS/IAS)

DRI Status

Radios Classification/Configuration
SECTOR A GSM 900 DRI 0 0 0 DRI 0 1 0 DRI 0 2 0 DRI 0 3 0 SECTOR B GSM 900 DRI 1 0 0 DRI 1 1 0 DRI 1 2 0 DRI 1 3 0 SECTOR C GSM 900 DRI 2 0 0 DRI 2 1 0 DRI 2 2 0 DRI 2 3 0 SECTOR A DCS 1800 DRI 3 0 0 DRI 3 1 0 DRI 3 2 0 DRI 3 3 0 SECTOR B DCS 1800 DRI 4 0 0 DRI 4 1 0 DRI 4 2 0 DRI 4 3 0 SECTOR C DCS 1800 DRI 5 0 0 DRI 5 1 0 DRI 5 2 0 DRI 5 3 0

Common configuration with 3 DCS 1800 DRIs (one in each Sector) and 3 GSM 900 DRIs (one in each sector) GSM 2/2/2 DCS 2/2/2

Alarms Equipage

BSC MMS Identifiers

Site IDs/Status

Site RSL Status

BSC RSLs Status

All Sites Status with codes

All Sites Status with codes

MMS Status

BSC OML Status

Path Balance

Path balance = (UL losses - dl losses) + 105 where 105 is the optimum value for the path balance In case of -ve path balance, the DL losses are greater which means a TX calibration for the BTS is needed (adjust TX power) In case of +ve path balance this, the UL losses are greater which means RX calibration is needed to adjust the sensitivity of the RX of the BTS

GSM Cell Data

Display Intervals

DRI Equipage

Level 2 / Level 3 access

DRI Calibration Data

BSC MTLs Status

BSC XBLs Status

BSS Test Equipments

Thanks