Low-Power and high speed Robust sub band adaptive echo cancellation on FPGA hardware

By A.Geetha Pravallika 119X1D6801 Under the Guidance of M.Madhusudan Reddy Asst.Professor

Aim of the Project

The term echo cancellation is used in telephony to describe the process of removing echo from a voice communication in order to improve voice quality on a telephone call. Echo cancellation involves first recognizing the originally transmitted signal that re-appears, with some delay, in the transmitted or received signal. Once the echo is recognized, it can be removed by 'subtracting' it from the transmitted or received signal.

Block diagram of Echo Cancellation

The main blocks are: DDS(Direct Digital Frequency synthesizer) Analysis Filter bank DLMS Synthesis Filter bank

Block diagram of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDS)

 Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer is a technique to produce desired output waveforms with full digital control. DDS consists of Registers Adders LUTS

 The phase accumulator consists of phase increment register, adder and phase register. The phase increment register stores the instantaneous phase increment values resulting from frequency modulation control block. The phase register holds the instantaneous phase for each clock pulse.

Analysis filter bank

In Analysis filter bank, wide band of frequency will be divided into many sub-bands and those sub-bands are then subjected to equalization. The divided sub-bands are then combined at the synthesis filter bank. The block diagram is shown below.

Block diagram of Analysis Filter

SUB BAND OF FREQUECY

Channe

SUB BAND OF FREQUECY

Receive r

SUB BAND OF FREQUECY

Delayed Least mean square(DLMS)

In this algorithm, the estimated signal in each data interval is computed and subtracted from the desired signal . DLMS algorithm can be used to adjust the filter coefficients to reduce the interference. DLMS algorithms are a class of adaptive filter.

Block diagram of DLMS algorithm

Synthesis filter bank

After the signal is decomposed by the analysis bank, each signal is reconstructed using a synthesis bank structure. This structure is composed of filters and up-sampling that reconstructs each signal to its original sampling rate.

Block diagram of synthesis Filter

Applications
Total Echo Removal 1. No echo at the beginning of the call 2. No Echo throughout the call - call is stable without bursts or distortion 3. Residual Echo (low-level) is absent throughout the call

Future scope
Effective implementation of echo cancellation across the network holds the key to improving call quality and ultimately, strengthen customer satisfaction, boost revenues, and reduce subscriber churn.

References
Low-Power Reconfgurable Acceleration of Robust Frequency-domain Echo Cancellation on FPGA
Wai-Chung Tang*, C. H. Hot, Chiu-Wing Sham and K. F C. Yiut IEEE 2010

Recongurable acceleration of robust frequency-domain echo cancellation

ChunHokHo,KaFaiCedricYiu ,JiaquanHuo ,SvenNordholm andWayneLuk