Personality The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interact with others

Measuring Personality Self Report Surveys Observer-ratings surveys Personality Determinants Heredity Environment Strong individual personality is constant

Personality Traits Enduring characteristics that describe an individuals behavior.

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 to 16 personality types.
Extravert (E) Sensing (S) Introvert (I) Intuitive (N)

Thinking (T)
Judging (J)

Feeling (F)
Perceiving (P)

Emotional Stability
Less moodiness and insecurity (Calm, self-confident, secure under stress (positive), versus nervous, depressed, and insecure under stress (negative)

Extroversion
The quality of being comfortable with relationships (Sociable, gregarious, and assertive)

Openness
The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information (Curious, imaginative, artistic, and sensitive)

Agreeableness
The ability to get along with others (Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting)

Conscientiousness
The number of goals on which a person focuses (Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized)

Core Self Evaluation Machiavellianism Narcissism Self Monitoring Risk Taking

The degree to which people like or dislike themselves A pragmatic, emotionally distant power-player who believes that ends justify the means An arrogant, entitled, selfimportant person who needs excessive admiration The ability to adjust behavior to meet external, situational factors. The willingness to take chances.

higher job performance win more often Less effective in their jobs more likely to become leaders. make faster decisions with less information

Proactive Personality Other Orientation

Definition: Mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable (i.e. what is right or good) Value System A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in term if their intensity The Importance of Values

Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures Influence our perception Represent interpretations of right and wrong Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others

Rokeach Value Survey

Terminal Values Desirable and states of existence; the goal a person would like to achieve Instrumental Values Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones value
Nexters Confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented; loyalty to both self and relationships

Generational Values
Xers Work/life balance, teamoriented, dislike of rules; loyalty to relationships

Boomers Success, achievement, ambition, dislike of authority; loyalty to career

Person-Job Fit
Hollands Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations

Person-Organization Fit
The employees personality

must fit with the organizational culture. People are attracted to organizations that match their values. Those who match are most likely to be selected. Mismatches will result in turnover. Can use the Big Five personality types to match to the organizational culture.

Five Value Dimension of National Culture by Geert Hofstede

The CLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures

Power Distance Individualism VS Collectivism +++ Humane Orientation Performance Orientation

Masculinity VS Femininity
Uncertainty Avoidance Long-term VS Short-term orientation