Company Information

HCL- Hindustan Computer Limited

The 36 year old enterprise, founded in 1976, Mr. Shiv Nadar is founder of HCL . Its range of offerings span R&D and Technology Services, Enterprise and Applications Consulting, Remote Infrastructure Management, BPO services, IT Hardware, Systems Integration and Distribution of Technology and Telecom products in India. The HCL team comprises 45,000 professionals of diverse nationalities, operating across 17 countries including 360 points of presence in India. HCL has global partnerships with several leading Fortune 1000 firms, including several IT and Technology majors.

Requirement of SWAN
Efficient & reliable communication network Improved information flow among various levels and offices

Reduced communication gaps

Improved quality and speedy decision making

Faster and better implementation of government schemes

PAWAN PROJECT
The Government of Punjab is establishing the Punjab State Wide Area Network (PAWAN). This Wide Area Network(WAN) is envisaged as the backbone network for data, voice and video communications throughout the State. PAWAN would act as the vehicle for effective implementation of Electronic Governance (e-Governance) Departmental offices of Government of Punjab shall be connected to these Points of Presence (POP) of PAWAN as Horizontal Office. PAWAN will be based on open standards, scalable with high capacity network to carry data, video and voice traffic between different offices of the Government of Punjab at the State, District and Block level.

 What is the work done by HCL team for PAWAN PROJECT by sitting in Chandigarh ?

 Actually in HCL, Chd. there is NOC (Network Operating Centre) .It is also called SNC( State Network Centre) The work of NOC is to maintain and to monitor the whole network of Punjab . In NOC, all the core Routers are placed here which are connected to further routers of DNC ( District Network Centre) & BNC ( Block Network Centre) Means the core Server is here in NOC at SNC which is connected with all the sites of PUNJAB.

PAWAN Services Provided by HCL

PAWAN Services
It shall cater to the information communication requirements of the entire state government and its departments. Core services 1.Converged Network Services(Data/Voice/Video) Seamless end to end connectivity for all government offices across Punjab. Inter departmental connectivity at each location. Allow horizontal connectivity facilities at each POP of PAWAN. Providing Internet access to all PAWAN users through Internet Gateway at SNC. Voice over IP for government offices through IP Phone. Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint video conferencing through High quality video equipments & Multimedia PC.

2. Security Services

Secure data transmission between departmental offices. Secure access to centralized applications. Access rule for departments to be connected to PAWAN Access rule for VPN access to departmental network on PAWAN. Gateway Level Antivirus protection for SNC NOC.

Additional Services Help Desk Services for incident handling Provide VPN access to departmental network from remote Centralized Network Monitoring System Messaging services

sites

Benefits of the project:

Through implementing PAWAN, the Government of Punjab(GOP) wishes to achieve the following: Provide reliable, vertical and horizontal connectivity within the state administration to make the Government more productive. Reduce communication cost. Provide a secure backbone for encouraging electronic transactions. Provide efficient service management Ensure that every citizen in the state has access to Government services and information whenever and wherever they need it. Make services available in a cost-efficient manner, offering public constituencies equivalent access at an equivalent price, regardless of their location in the State of Punjab.

PAWAN will have the following hierarchy: State Head Quarter or State Network Centre (SNC) at Chandigarh. District Head Quarter or District Network Centre (DNC) Sub Divisional Head Quarter or Sub Division Network Centre (SDNC) and the Block Head Quarters or Block Network Centres (BNC) PAWAN would connect 200 sites including 20 districts, 57 SubDivisions & 122 Blocks across in the state

Overview of PAWAN

Connectivity Scheme
PAWAN would follow a 3 Tier structure through Point of Presence (POP) across the various levels:

Tier 1

Primary Tier consisting of SNC 2 Mbps upgradable to 8 Mbps Secondary Tier consisting of 20 DNC 2 Mbps upgradable to 4 Mbps

Tier 2

Tier 3

Tertiary Tier consisting of 57 SDNC / 122BNC

11

PAWAN Architecture

 At the top most tier, there would be the SNC. The 20 DNCs below would each have leased line connectivity to the SNC. In addition there would be 4 aggregation points (4 of the 20 DNC) at the second tire. The remaining 16 DNCs would additional connectivity to their nearest aggregation point. The SDNCs and BNCs have been categorized as a single tier. They would connect to their respective DNCs. DR Site: PAWAN backbone shall have the provision for inclusion of DR site as and when required. The backbone routers shall have the required ports for DR site connectivity. Four E1 leased line shall link the four aggregated points to the DR site. Connection through to SNC through Leased line.

Connectivity Scheme

PAWAN Architecture contd

Horizontal Offices : Departmental offices At each tier number of these offices would connect to the POP. Special Horizontal Offices: 8 horizontal offices within Chandigarh can be connected to SNC as a part of PAWAN backbone implementation.(Police HQ etc..)

Aggregation DNC to DNC Connectivity

End Connectivity at DNC

Computer Associates
HCL has employed CAs tool as NMS. Spectrum Version 8.1 eHealth suite version 6.0

Spectrum Version 8.1

This software is used by HCL team for monitoring the whole network of PAWAN so that if any problem came then it can be detected and troubleshoot as soon as possible. In this , Problem of the Network can be detected very easily. When some prob. Came then automatically the colour of the router on that site starts varying. If there is any minor prob. then colour of the router becomes yellow and if prob. Is major then colour changes to red. After this, the engineer starts to troubleshoot the problem

eHealth
It is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication Foundation for management strategies by integrating real-time management of network problems with a historical context of performance. Enables users to identify, detect, and correct problems before end-user service quality is jeopardized.

eHealth
Reports 1) Uptime Report: PAWAN backbone availability (SNC DNC SDNC-BNC) 2) Latency: Packet transfer between selected POPs 3) Packet Loss: Average percentage of IP packets transferred between selected POPs 4) Jitter :Variation in the delay for packet transfers between Selected POPs. 5) Quarterly reports: Defines network availability

Project Work On Basic WAN Setup

This is the basic project made regarding WAN. In this project 3 Routers are used. Router0 and Router1 are used 2 connect two networks and one more router i.e Router 2 is used so to act as firewall for security purpose. Routers used in this whole project are of 2811 series EIGRP routing is used in this whole process. Importance of 2811 series routers-: These type of routers are also called ISR which means integrated routers . Features of these router -: VOIP Security and wireless WAN Services

2811 Router as a firewall It is used so to protect internal server which is publishing CISCO site. It do the deep Packet inspection which means analyze the HTTPS Packets and all URLs With routers switches are connected to publish connection. 5 Switches are used . 3 switches are used for internal network . 2 switches are used for outside network. Thro switches VLAN are made to isolate different different networks.

From fig. it is shown that packets start existing from PC3 . Here these are used by outside network e.g outside users sitting at DNC, SDNC, BNC

In this fig. it is shown that packet reached to the server and now it is ready to acces thro the site.

 If we want that our users of internal network should acces thro the site then just we have to access thro different IP and for internal network the IP which is running in active stage is 192.168.5.2 Users of internal network means the person sitting in SNC. The advantage of using two different IPs for inside and outside network is that by this security is maintained and data cannot be leaked out and the outside users can not access thro the sites of internal users.

Interfaces on a Router

Ports Description
Ethernet Used for LAN connectivity. Two types of port: RJ 45 female port AUI(attachment Unit interface): 15 pin model Three categories 1. Simple Ethernet port- 10 Mbps 2. Fast Ethernet port- 100 Mbps 3. Gigabit Ethernet port- 1000Mbps

Ports contd..
Serial: Used to connect two routers directly or remotely. WAN connectivity It is 60 pin WAN interface. Locally: When two routers are directly connected using a serial cable. Remotely: It is connected through leased line. Serial cable types: 1. End to end DTE/DCE: 2. V.35: Joint of 35 pins DTE: Data terminal equipment used to create the data. DCE: Data communication equipment to transmit the data

Ports contd
BRI (Basic Rate interface ) ISDN line is connected to our router. RJ 45 female port Console Port It is used to get access of a router in order to configure it locally. RJ 45 female port. Auxiliary port Remote access of a router for configuration RJ 45 female port

Ports contd..
VTY port It is a logical port that does not exist physically. Used to activate telnet service over the router.

Configuration of router
Router for the first time is configured through the CONSOLE port.COM port of a PC is connected to the console port of router with a console cable by using a transceiver. Router is accessible by a tool. In windows, it is called HYPER TEMINAL. As soon as the router is powered on and accessed, the following things happen
POST

BOOT STRAP

FLASH

NVRAM

SETUP MODE

In Setup mode, there will be a message,

Would You Like To Enter The Initial Configuration [Y/N] : If Y then, initial configuration starts. If N would you like to terminate the auto installation? Press RETURN to get startedYou will land on the default prompt of the Router ROUTER>.

ETHERNET
Router(config)#Interface Ethernet 0

Router(config-if)#Ip Address 200.150.1.254 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#^Z Router#show Int E0

SERIAL
Router(config)#Interface Serial 0
Router(config-if)#Ip Address 150.10.1.1 255.255.0.0 Router(config)#clock rate 56000 Router(config-if)#No shutdown Router(config-if)#^Z

ROUTING
It is a technique that is used by the router to identify the best IP route to reach a network or destination.
Routing is of three types. Static Dynamic Default When the destination is known, static and dynamic routing is done. For unknown destinations, default routing is employed.

Example
20.0.0.1/8 20.0.0.2/8

S0

S0

E0

10.0.0.1/8

30.0.0.1/8

E0

Switch/Hub

Switch/hub Switch/Hub

10.0.0.2/8 Location A

30.0.0.2/8 Location B

STATIC ROUTING
In this type of routing we have to set the route manually. Entry to the table is made manually. Suitable for small network Done on directly connected devices.
Syntax

Router(config)# ip route (dest-network) (subnet mask) (next hop address)

Location A Router(config)# ip routing

Router(config)# ip route 30.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.2

Note* if we dont know the address of next hop, we can just write the name of the hop.

Router(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 S0

Location B Router(config)# ip routing Router(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.1

DEFAULT ROUTING
This routing is performed only on stub networks. Stub network: Stub networks are defined over network which has only one exit interface.
Router(config)# ip routing Router(config)#ip route DA (S/N mask next) (next hop address)

Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.2

Show ip route commands to see the entry in the routing table

DYNAMIC ROUTING
A specific routing protocol is used and as a result routers routing table is configured & updated automatically.
Classification Of Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Hybrid Routing Link State

DYNAMIC ROUTING CONTD..

Distance Vector Each router sends its complete routing table as an update to its immediate neighbor. The metric used to identify the best route is hop count. Lower the metric best is the route. E.g. RIP(Routing information protocol), IGRP(Interior gateway routing protocol. Link State Routing Protocol In case LSRP router exchange their complete routing table with its immediate neighbor only for the first time. Three tables are prepared 1) Neighboring table 2) Topology table 3) Routing table

DYNAMIC ROUTING CONTD..

Hybrid routing protocol It combines the features of both DVRP and LSRP e.g. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior gateway routing protocol)

OSPF
OSPF(Open Short Path First) is of two types : 1) Single Area OSPF and 2) Multi Area OSPF.

Area0
S0 IR

S0

Area2

ABR

Internal Routers
Area1

ABR

IR

Area Border Router

OSPF under Single Area

S 0 192.168.1.194/252

192.168.1.193/252 S 0

Router A
E01 192.168.1.32/ 255.255.255.224

Router B
E01 192.168.1.64/ 255.255.255.224

OSPF Contd
Configuration of Router A -------------------------------(Config)# ip routing (Config-Router)# router OSPF 6573 (Config-Router)# network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.31 area 1 (Config-Router)# area 1 range 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 (Config-Router)# network 192.168.1.192 0.0.0.3 area 1 (Config-Router)# area 1 range 192.168.1.192 255.255.255.224

Configuration of Router B -------------------------------(Config)# ip routing (Config-Router)# router OSPF 6573 (Config-Router)# network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.31 area 1 (Config-Router)# area 1 range 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 (Config-Router)# network 192.168.1.195 0.0.0.3 area 1 (Config-Router)# area 1 range 192.168.1.195 255.255.255.252