Professional Documents
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Sidney Biesterfeld1, Mark Dane2, Richard Dingeman2, Dan Freeman2, Paul Heppler2, Kurt Keilbach2, Ernie Oram2, Dr. David Paterniti2, Dan Wadas2, and Mike Lutz1 1Integra Engineering, 2City of Boulder 75th Street WWTP
WTP Residuals
Water treatment plants use ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and alum as coagulants. Resulting residuals are sometimes discharged to the sanitary sewer for WWTP co-disposal. Increases inert fraction of MLSS; also increases total MLSS concentration.
156.7
142.5 178.2 106.8 87.6 196.7 118.0
0.55
0.1 22.9 20.6 2.3 25.3 22.8
0.3
0.1 12.8 19.3 2.6 12.9 19.3
Minimize H2S in anaerobic digester gas. Improve sludge settleability. Mitigate struvite formation by precipitating ortho-phosphorus. May aid in soluble metals and P removal.
2004 Joint Annual Conference
Edwards et. al. 1997
1.84 mg/L Fe impacts activated sludge1 1.68 mg/L Fe drops nitrification rates by 20-34%2 High levels of Fe associated with nitrite accumulation in activated sludge.3 Ciliated protozoa impacted at 2.0 mg/L Fe4
1. Lees et al. 2001a 3. Clark et al. 2000 2. Lees et al. 2001b 4. Abraham et al. 1997
Bench-Scale Reactors
Experiment repeated on two different days. Reactors run for 2.5 hours. Dissolved oxygen monitored. Samples collected at start and every 30 minutes for COD and soluble COD. Total iron measured at start and end of reactor runs.
5
6 7
5
5 10
5.06
5.44 9.26
4.10
4.82 7.39
8
9 10
10
15 15
9.25
14.22 13.39
7.84
12.98 11.16
Future work
Test effects of WTP residuals on activated sludge. Test effects of WTP residuals on biofilms at higher concentrations.
Questions?
References
1. Abraham, J.V., Butler, R.D., and Sigee, D.C. "Ciliate Populations and Metals in an Activated Sludge Plant." Water Research 31.5 (1997): 1103-1111. 2. Clark, T., Burgess, J.E., Stephenson, T., and Arnold-Smith, A.K. "The Influence of Iron Based Co-Precipitants on Activated Sludge Biomass." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78.5 (2000): 405-410. 3. Edwards, M., Beorn, C., Heppler, P., and Hernandez, M. Beneficial Discharge of Iron Coagulation Sludge to Sewers. Journal of Environmental Engineering October (1997): 1027-1032 4. Genschow, E., Hegemann, W., and Maschke, C. "Anaerobic Treatment of Tannery Wastewater: Toxic Effects of Wastewater Constituents and Dosage of Ferric Chloride." Environmental Management and Health 8.1 (1997): 2-3. 5. Gerardi, Michael H. "Effects of Heavy Metals upon the Biological Wastewater Treatment Process." Public Works.June (1986): 77-80. 6. Johnson, D.K., Carliell-Marquet, C.M., and Forster, C.F. "An Examination of the Treatment of Iron-Dosed Waste Activated Sludge by Anaerobic Digestion." Environmental Technology 24.8 (2003): 937-945. 7. Lees, E.J., Noble, B., Hewitt, R., and Parsons, S.A. "The Impact of Residual Coagulant on Downstream Treatment Processes." Environmental Technology 22.1 (2001): 113-122. 8. Lees, E.J., Noble, B., Hewitt, R., and Parsons, S.A.f1f1. "The Impact of Residual Coagulant on the Respiration Rate and Sludge Characteristics of an Activated Microbial Biomass." Environmental Technology 79.5 (2001): 283-290.f1