Operation and Maintenance For Village Water Supply

Operation and Maintenance
Ka Domat
PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES UNDERLYING WATER MANAGEMENT

Available water should be distributed equitably to end users. Water conservation should be given due emphasis Each member users should be aware of the limitations of the completed water system
Ka Domat
IMPORTANCE OF OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

To maximize the use of the Water System To prolong the life of the structure (designed life=1520 years) To prevent high cost of Maintenance To satisfy the demand of the users To ensure proper distribution and use of the system To serve as monitoring of the system.
Ka Domat
SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE WATER SYSYTEM

BENEFITS OF PROPERLY MAINTAINED WATER SYSTEM
Continuous availability of water Save time in fetching from the spring or source Conflicts with neighbor caused by insufficient water will be minimized Quarrels between siblings on who should fetch water will be minimized Improve hygiene and sanitation Backyard gardening and animal raising is possible Everybody will be happy.
Ka Domat
TRADITIONAL WAYS OF OPERATING AND MAINTAINING A WATER SYSTEM

By requiring all affected Water users to work for free in repairing and improving the water system.
By requiring all users to contribute cash, rice, in-kind toward Maintenance of the Water System By waiting for the Government or Politicians to donate materials or improvement of the Water System.
Ka Domat
Is it important for the Water Association to have funds?

The answer most probably is YES. The Association can not move without money. Without funds, Water System repair and improvement can not be done. Some may answer NO in the sense that traditional ways of Operation and Maintenance in Water System are working without funds.
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
ADVANTAGES OF HAVING FUNDS FOR WATER SYSTEM

There will be money to be used for repairs and operations
There will be money to purchase new pipes, accessories, tools and etc.
There will be money to pay people to work when voluntarism is over done already (No one can volunteer forever).
The Water Association has funds, the officers/members can move and can do the things for benefit of the association in general and the members in particular.
Ka Domat
DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING FUNDS FOR WATER SYSTEM

The WA cannot move immediately when the need arises The WA officers have to spend their own money
The WA have to collect money from the member first

The WA have no money to use for the O & M of the Water System
Ka Domat
SOURCES OF FUNDS
1. Membership Fees- These are one-time fees paid by each member upon joining the association. This is not withdrawable, even if the member will withdraw from the association. Water Fees- These are free charged for the use of the water based on the household volume of water consumed. Fines- These amounts collected from the member/s who failed to meet their obligations properly (ex. If the member did not come on the designated day to repair the broken pipes or other structural components, or if the member did not attend the meeting, etc.) Cash Contributions- The village water system is repaired or improved at a certain cost. The WA does not have enough money so each household is asked to member is not available to provide labr. Loans- The WA may borrow money (Long Term Loan) to improve or repair the WS (Such Loans should be discussed and approved by the General Assembly)
Ka Domat
2. 3.
4. 5.
COMMON PROBLEMS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (Water Supply System)
Ka Domat
Technical Problems
The tap (faucet) is broken and need repairs One tap has been stolen The standpost is cracked and in danger of breaking up The drainage channel is blocked The soak away needs repair and stones have been taken away The meter box lock is broken and the cover has been moved No efforts has been made to keep the surroundings clean, both for water source area, reservoirs and tap stands. Leaks at the pipelines are evident
Managerial Problems
Nobody has taken the responsibility for the standpost There is lack of motivation to look after the standpost The users lack basic skills for maintenance and repairs The children are undisciplined and play around the supply Animals are allowed around the standpost Washing and bathing is allowed at the standpost
Ka Domat
No one is looking after the supply No cement for the repair No tools or spare parts for repair No report that the meter box lock was broken No key for the meter box Parents allow their children to vandalize the supply No arrangement for the users to contact the water agency No monthly water contribution for the cost of repair Bad taste of water, so no collection from the system are collected Bad sites standpost so no one is looking after by the villagers.
Community Problems
Operation and Maintenance Activities
Ka Domat
Daily Activities
At each standpost
Unlock taps and open the valve on the service line Check if the tap operates correctly Check if the flow of water is normal Attend to any dripping tap Attend to any leaking valve Clean the standpost platform, drain and surroundings Inspect standpost structure, platform and drain (repair any cracks with cement mortar)
Weekly Activities
Check at the Reservoir
For leaks; The overflow is in good order; Valves are in correct positions; Clear water is flowing into the reservoir at the required rate. Walk the route of the distribution pipeline Check for pipeline leaks Check for disturbed sections of pipe (e.g. erosion) Check valves are not leaking and correctly set
Ka Domat
Monthly Activities
Collect water contributions/fees Scheduled meeting Inspect the pipeline after heavy rain and control erosion around the pipes
Ka Domat
Annual or Semi-Annual
Inspect spring box and diversion trench above the spring.
Check the perimeter fence Check the walls of the spring for cracks Check for the box cover, overflow pipes Check for the surroundings Maintain vegetation cover at the area
Ka Domat
Annual or Semi-Annual
Drain reservoir, clean and inspect Check air release valves operate correctly Open wash-outs to flush pipeline In the dry season, remove soak away stones and clean pit before replacing the stones. Take periodic water samples
Ka Domat
HOW DO WE OPERATE THE COMPLETED SUB-PROJECT?

The community must form an organization/association who will handle the operation and management of the sub-project. The community will identify potential core group members who will formulate policies, by-laws that will govern the operational and approved first by the General Assembly. Officers and members of the association to strictly follow the agreed policies and to impose sanctions for any violations committed.
Ka Domat
A water tariff is the rate at which users are charged for water. To set a water rate, a community needs to estimate the costs of running their water supply and draw up the budget. This is followed by deciding how much and how often users need to pay to match the budget.
Users pay a flat rate per person, or per household, for a public standpost or private tap connection
In communities with significant difference in water use and benefits, users may pay different rates on a graded system
Connections are metered and users may pay per household (private tap) or per user group (public taps)
Ka Domat
Outline procedure for the selection of a water supply and associated O&M
Step 1 Decisions Choice of technology Initial degree of community management Considerations
-Existing & potential sources -Users preference by gender -Service level -Skills & spare parts availability -Cost and reliability sharing of management responsibilities between partners capacity to organize/functions cost of management womens involvement
Division of cost
Is the technology & Service level manageable, Affordable and agreed Between partners?
-users ability to pay -users willingness to pay -availability of subsidies -other external financial support
Ka Domat
Ka Domat

Operation and Maintenance For Village Water Supply

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Operation and Maintenance

PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES UNDERLYING WATER MANAGEMENT