Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SYSTEM
is
composed of the heart and blood
vessels
Functions:
PUMPING ACTION
Pumps blood to the body and the lungs
Receives blood from the body and the
lungs
Influences Blood Pressure
TRANSPORTATION
Provide channels through which blood
and lymph travel
Provide areas (capillaries) where transfer
of gases, nutrients, fluids, electrolytes,
and wastes can occur
HEART
is a strong,
muscular pump
about the size of a
doubled-up fist.
It weighs less than
one pound
(approximately
250 to 310 g).
is shaped like an
irregular and
slightly flattened
LAYERS
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
Visceral layer
Parietal layer
Fibrous pericardium
CHAMBERS
Atria
Ventricles
VALVES
Atrioventricular
valves
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
(mitral Valve)
Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary
Semilunar
Aortic Semilunar
ROUTE of Blood Flow
Blood Vessels of the
Heart
Right
Coronary
Artery
Left Coronary
Artery
receive their
blood supply
during
ventricular
relaxation,
when the
valves are
Left Coronary Artery
Left
Main
Coronary artery
(LMCA)
Anterior
interventricular
branch/Left
anterior
descending
artery (LAD)
Left Circumflex
Artery (LCX)
Right Coronary Artery
Margin branch
Main branch of
RCA
Posterior
descending artery
Left coronary
dominance
the PDA comes off
the LCX to supply
blood to these areas
Coronary Veins
Great cardiac
vein
Middle cardiac
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries and Arterioles
ARTERIES
are elastic and smooth (involuntary)
muscular tubes that carry oxygenated
blood to body cells.
They are known as “resistance vessels”
that can support high pressures and hold
large volumes of blood.
ARTERIOLES
Is the smallest of the arteries
contain less elastic tissue and more
smooth muscle than arteries.
Constriction and dilation of the arterioles
regulates blood pressure and flow.
MAJOR ARTERIES
smallest vessels
Blood flow through
the capillaries is
known as microcirculation
Veins and Venules
Superficial
Veins
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median cubital
Saphenous
Temporal
Deep veins
Axillary
Brachial
Subclavian
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Tibial
iliac
Jugular vein
Brachiocephal
ic vein
Superior Vena
Cava
Azygos Vein
Inferior Vena
cava
Receives blood
from:
Iliac veins
Lumbar veins
Testicular/ovarian
veins
Renal veins
Supra renal veins
Hepatic veins
Cardiac Conduction
Cardiac Cycle
SYSTOLE
In less than one second, both atria
contract as both ventricles relax.
Immediately after this, both ventricles
contract as both atria relax.
DIASTOLE
Atrial relaxation, followed by ventricular
relaxation
Heart Sounds
S1 heart sound
“lub” sound
S2 heart sound
“dub” sound
Abnormal Heart
Sounds
S3 and s4 heart sound
Known as “gallop” sounds
Rub sound
Murmurs
Pulse
Is
due to atrial contractions as the
heart pumps.
Pulse points
Cardiac Output
is
the amount of blood that the
ventricles pump out in 1 minute.
Stroke Volume
is the volume of blood ejected with each
heartbeat.
CO= SV x HR
Factors Affecting
Ventricular Resistance
PRELOAD
is the amount of pressure or “stretching
force” against the ventricular wall at the
end-diastole.
AFTERLOAD
is the amount of pressure or resistance
the ventricles must overcome to empty
their contents
Blood Pressure
is
the force that blood exerts against
the walls of blood vessels.
Systolic pressure
is the pressure exerted against the vessel
walls during ventricular systole
Diastolic pressure
is the pressure exerted during ventricular
diastole
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure