INTRODUCTION OF RAJASTHAN

HISTORY

Ancient Period, up to 1200 AD

Rajput clans emerged and held their sway over different parts of Rajasthan from about 700 AD. Before that, Rajasthan was a part of several republics. It was a part of the Mauryan Empire. Other major republics that dominated this region include the Malavas, Arjunyas, Yaudhyas, Kushans, Saka Satraps, Guptas and Hunas. The Rajput clans ascendancy in Indian history was during the period from the eighth to the twelfth century AD. The Pratihars ruled Rajasthan and most of northern India during 750-1000 AD. Between 1000-1200 AD, Rajasthan witnessed the struggle for supremacy between Chalukyas, Parmars and Chauhans.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD, 1201 - 1707

Around 1200 AD a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The principal centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Ranthanbhor was also under their suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century AD, the most prominent and powerful state of Rajasthan was Mewar.

MODERN PERIOD, 1707 - 1947

Rajasthan had never been united politically until its domination by Mughal Emperor - Akbar. Akbar created a unified province of Rajasthan. Mughal power started to decline after 1707. The political disintegration of Rajasthan was caused by the dismemberment of the Mughal Empire. The Marathas penetrated Rajasthan upon the decline of the Mughal Empire. In 1755 they occupied Ajmer. The beginning of the 19th Century was marked by the onslaught of the Pindaris. In 1817-18 the British Government concluded treaties of alliance with almost all the states of Rajputana. Thus began the British rule over Rajasthan, then called Rajputana.

POST INDEPENDENCE
The erstwhile Rajputana comprised 19 princely states and two chiefships of Lava and Kushalgarh and a British administered territory of Ajmer-Merwara. Rajasthan State was heterogeneous conglomeration of separate political entities with different administrative systems prevailing in different places. The present State of Rajasthan was formed after a long process of integration which began on March 17, 1948 and ended on November 1, 1956. Before integration it was called Rajputana; after integration it came to be known as Rajasthan. At present there are 32 districts (including the new district of Karauli), 105 sub-divisions, 241 tehsils, 37889 inhabited villages and 222 towns in the State.

GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RAJASTHAN

Rajasthan is located in the north western part of the subcontinent. It is bounded on the west and northwest by Pakistan, on the north and northeast by the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, on the east and southeast by the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, and on the southwest by the state of Gujarat. The Tropic of Cancer passes through its southern tip in the Banswara district. The state has an area of 132,140 square miles (342,239 square kilometers). The capital city is Jaipur.

Map of Rajasthan

Gazal(Chinkara)

Khejri Tree

Godawan Godawan

Rohida

CLIMATE
In the west, Rajasthan is relatively dry and infertile; this area includes some of the Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert. In the southwestern part of the state, the land is wetter, hilly, and more fertile. The climate varies throughout Rajasthan. On average winter temperatures range from 8 to 28 C (46 to 82 F) and summer temperatures range from 25 to 46 C (77 to 115 F). Average rainfall also varies; the western deserts accumulate about 100 mm (about 4 in) annually, while the southeastern part of the state receives 650 mm (26 in) annually, most of which falls from July through September during the monsoon season.Generally dry with monsoon during July August

PEOPLE OF RAJASTHAN

Brahmins : Their main occupation was worshipping and performance of religious rites. Vaishya : These people generally took up business as their source of livelihood. These days they are settled in every nook and corner of the country & world. There is a large group of agricultural castes to be found in Rajasthan.These people depend on Agriculture for thier livelihood. Some of these castes are Jat,Gurjar,Mali, Kalvi etc. Irrespective of the birth-based caste system, each individual is free to follow the profession / occupation as per choice, in modern Rajasthan. Many tribes are also found in different parts of Rajasthan. These tribes have their own social systems and customs.Some of the commonly known tribs are Meena, Bhil, Garasia, Kanjar.

CULTURE

Rajasthan is a vibrant, exotic state where tradition and royal glory meet in a riot of colors against the vast backdrop of sand and desert. It has an unusual diversity in its entire forms- people, customs, culture, costumes, music, manners, dialects, cuisine and physiographic. The land is endowed with invincible forts, magnificent palace havelis, rich culture and heritage, beauty and natural resources. It is a land rich in music, Dance, Art & Craft and Adventure, a land that never ceases to intrigue & enchant. There is a haunting air of romance, about the state, which is palpable in its every nook and corner. This abode of kings is one of the most exotic locales for tourist world over. The state has not only survived in all its ethnicity but owes its charisma and color to its enduring traditional way of life. The Ghoomar dance from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a vital part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputli, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindar, Kachchhighori, Tejaji etc. are the examples of the traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar,sarangi etc.) are also sung.

COSTUMES
Both males and females dress in the customary dresses fully influenced by climate, economy, status and the profession, they are engaged. The traditional dresses being Potia, Dhoti, Banda, Angrakhi, Bugatari, Pachewara, Khol, Dhabla, amongst Hindus; and Tilak, Burga, Achkan amongst Muslims which fast changing now with Bushirt, Salwar and Skirts, Saris and Pants accordingly. Turbans the head dress of Rajasthan is a differential pattern of each geographical region designed to its terrain and climatic influence. Clothes express ones personality and tell people which village and caste they belong. All over Rajasthan the bandhni, tie-dye sari and turban reign supreme. The common dress of the women constitutes (i) Sari or Odhani, (ii) Kanchli or Kunchuki or Choli (iii) Ghaghra or Ghaghri or Lahanga Besides, the women of high status and ranks wear dupatta and patka. The use of chappals or sandals or jutees is also common but ladies of high families use coloured sandals studded with gold threads and stars.Thus, it is concluded that the costumes of women are very colourful and fascinating.

ORNAMENTS
Both men and women wear ornaments but with the passage of time, men are giving up their use. The ornaments of gold and silver are more prevalent in Rajasthan. There are certain ornaments which are used by men. In daily use the ladies wear normal ornaments of neck, hand, nose and ear but on special occasions and social functions women wear all the ornaments of to look beautiful and attractive. For its exquisite designs and delicacy of art Rajasthan jewelry is a rage not only for ladies in India but also for women of foreign countries.

LANGUAGE
The mother tongue of the majority of people in Rajasthan is Rajasthani. Rajasthani and Hindi are the most widely used languages in Rajasthan. Rajasthani is used as a medium of instruction, along with Hindi and English, in some schools. Some other languages used in Rajasthan are Gujarati, BrajBhasha, Sindhi and Punjabi.

FOODS
Popular Rajasthani dishes

Bail-Gatte Balusahi Besan-Chakki Chaavadi Dal-Bati, Churma Dhungari Hui Chaach Ghevar Googri Jhajariya Laapasi Nukhti Panchkoota Raabdi

Popular Rajasthani curries

Beans ki sabji Gajar ki sabji Guwar fali ki saag Karela ki sabji Keri ki sabji Khaddi Kicha ki sabji Kikoda ki sabji Makki ki raab Matar ki sabji Moranga ki sabji

THE MAIN RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Gogaji, Shri Devnarayan Jayanti,Makar Sankranti and Janmashtami, as the main religion is Hinduism. Rajasthan's desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal. This festival is held once a year during winter. Dressed in brilliantly hued costumes, the people of the desert dance and sing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats and folk performers. Camels, of course, play a stellar role in this festival

DIVISION & DISTRICTS

Ajmer Division: Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Tonk. Bharatpur Division: Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur. Bikaner Division: Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh. Jaipur Division: Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Dausa. Jodhpur Division: Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Pali, Sirohi. Kota Division: Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota. Udaipur Division: Banswara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Rajsamand.

Administration Setup
Area 342239 Sq.Km.

Division
District Sub-divisions

7
33 105

Tehsils
Cities & Towns Panchayat Samities Village Panchayats Villages Literacy

241
222 249 9168 41353 61.03%

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Hospitals Dispensaries Educational Institutions Sale value of minerals Small Scale Industries 127 199 119790 138866 lakhs 320000

Population of Rajasthan consists

Population (i) Urban (ii) Rural

56507188 13214375 43292813

Hindus

88.8%

Muslims

8.5%

Sikhs

1.4%

(iii) Sex Ratio (per 1000)

(iv) Density (Per sq.Km.)

921
Jains 165 1.2%

GOVERNOR OF RAJASTHAN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gurumukh Nihal Singh Sampurnanand Sardar Hukam Singh Sardar Jogendra Singh Vedpal Tyagi (acting) Raghukul Tilak K.D. Sharma (acting) Om Prakash Mehra Vasantrao Patil Sukhdev Prasad Milap Chand Jain (acting) Debi Prasad Chattopadhyaya Swarup Singh (acting) 1 November, 1956 16 April, 1962 16 April, 1967 1 July, 1972 15 February, 1977 17 May 1977 8 August, 1981 6 March, 1982 20 November, 1985 20 February, 1988 3 February, 1990 14 February, 1990 26 August, 1991 16 April, 1962 16 April, 1967 1 July, 1972 15 February, 1977 11 May 1977 8 August, 1981 6 March, 1982 4 January, 1985 15 October, 1987 3 February, 1990 14 February, 1990 26 August, 1991 5 February, 1992

14 15 16

Marri Chenna Reddy Dhanik Lal Mandal (additional charge) Bali Ram Bhagat

5 February, 1992 31 May 1993 30 June, 1993

31 May, 1993 30 June, 1993 1 May, 1998

17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Darbara Singh
Navrang Lal Tibrewal (acting) Anshuman Singh Nirmal Chandra Jain Kailashpati Mishra (additional charge) Madan Lal Khurana T. V. Rajeshwar (additional charge) Pratibha Patil Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (additional charge) S. K. Singh

1 May, 1998
25 May, 1998 16 January, 1999 14 May, 2003 22 September, 2003 14 January, 2004 1 November, 2004 8 November, 2004 21 June, 2007 6 September, 2007

24 May, 1998
16 January, 1999 14 May, 2003 22 September, 2003 14 January, 2004 1 November, 2004 8 November, 2004 21 June, 2007 6 September, 2007 1 December, 2009

27
28

Prabha Rau
Shivraj Patil (additional charge)

2 December, 2009
26 april, 2010

1 january, 2010
Incumbent

Name Fathers Name Date of Birth Permanent Address Place of Birth Official Residence Official Residence Marital Status Wife Children Profession

Shri Shivraj V Patil Late Shri Vishwanath Patil 12th October 1935 Deoghar Sabdhawana Nagar, Latur-413512 (Maharashtra) Chakur,Dist-Latur,Maharashtra 4, Janpath Road, New Delhi-110011 Punjab Raj Bhavan, Sector-6, Chandigarh. Married in June 1963 Late Smt. Vijaya Patil One Son and One Daughter Advocate, Agriculturist and Hony, Prof of Law

POLITICAL SETUP
Parliament House of People Legislation 25 10 200

Major Political party

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (National) Communist Party of India Marxist (National) Bahujan Samaj Party (National) Indian National Congress (National) Indian National LokDal (State) Janata Dal (United) (State) Lok Jan Shakti Party (State) Rajasthan Samajik Nyaya Manch (State) Independent 79 6 96

20

MEMBERS OF COUNCIL OF STATES (RAJYA SABHA)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Shri Ashk Ali Tak Shri Ramdas Agarwal Shri Anand Sharma Shri V.P.Singh Badnore Shri Narendra Budania Shri Ram Jethmalani Shri Om Prakash Mathur

Dr. Gyan Prakash Pilania

Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi Dr. PrabhaThakur

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT (LOK SABHA)

S.No. 1 2 3 4 Costituency Ajmer Alwar Banswara(ST) Barmer Name of Member Shri Sachin Pilot, Shri Jitendra Singh, Shri Tarachand Bhagora, Shri Harish Choudhary,

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Bharatpur(SC) Bhilwara Bikaner (SC) Chittorgarh Churu Dausa(ST) Ganganagar(SC)

Shri Ratan Singh, Dr. C. P. Joshi, Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal, Dr.(Kum.) Girija Vyas, Shri Ram Singh Kaswan, Dr. Kirodilal Meena, Shri Bharat Ram Meghwal,

12 Jaipur 13 Jaipur Rural 14 Jalore 15 Jhalawar-Baran

Dr. Mahesh Joshi, Shri Lalchand Kataria, Shri Devji Mansingram Patel, Shri Dushyant Singh,

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Jhunjhunu Jodhpur Karauli-Dholpur(SC) Kota Nagaur Pali Rajsamand Sikar Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Udaipur (ST)

Shri Sis Ram Ola, Smt. Chandresh Kumari Katoch, Shri Khiladi Lal Bairwa, Shri Ijyaraj Singh, Dr. (Smt.) Jyoti Mirdha, Shri Badri Ram Jakhar, Shri Gopal Singh Shekhawat, Shri Mahadeo Singh Khandela, Shri Namo Narain Meena, Shri Raghuvir Singh Meena,

Chief Ministers of Rajasthan

Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Heera Lal Shastri C S Venkatachari Jai Narayan Vyas Tika Ram Paliwal Jai Narayan Vyas [2] Mohan Lal Sukhadia Took Office 7 April 1949 6 January 1951 26 April 1951 3 March 1952 1 November 1952 13 November 1954 Left Office 5 January 1951 25 April 1951 3 March 1952 31 October 1952 12 November 1954 11 April 1957 Party Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress

7
8 9 10 11

Mohan Lal Sukhadia [2]

Mohan Lal Sukhadia [3] Mohan Lal Sukhadia [4] Barkatullah Khan Hari Dev Joshi

11 April 1957
12 March 1962 26 April 1967 9 July 1971 11 August 1973

11 March 1962
13 March 1967 9 July 1971 11 August 1973 29 April 1977

Indian National Congress

Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress

11

Hari Dev Joshi

11 August 1973

29 April 1977

Indian National Congress

12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Jagannath Pahadia

Shiv Charan Mathur Hira Lal Devpura Hari Dev Joshi [2] Shiv Charan Mathur [2] Hari Dev Joshi [3] Bhairon Singh Shekhawat [2] Bhairon Singh Shekhawat [3] Ashok Gehlot Vasundhara Raje Scindia Ashok Gehlot [2]

22 June 1977 6 June 1980

14 July 1981 23 February 1985 10 March 1985 20 January 1988 4 December 1989 4 March 1990 4 December 1993 1 December 1998 8 December 2003

16 February 1980 13 July 1981

23 February 1985 10 March 1985 20 January 1988 4 December 1989 4 March 1990 15 December 1992 29 November 1998 8 December 2003 11 December 2008 Incumbent

Janata Party Indian National Congress

Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Bharatiya Janata Party Bharatiya Janata Party Indian National Congress Bharatiya Janata Party Indian National Congress

12 December 2008

Chief minister of Rajasthan

Name Father's Name Sh. Ashok Gehlot Late Lachman Singh Gehlot

Date of Birth
Place of Birth Marital Status Date of Marriage Spouses Name No. of Children Educational Qualifications Profession Constituency Party

3 May, 1951
Mahamandir, Jodhpur Married 27 November, 1977 Smt Sunita Gehlot Son - One, Daughter - One B.Sc., M.A. (Economics), LL.B. Jodhpur University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Political and Social Worker Sardarpura (Jodhpur) Indian National Congress (INC)

Tourism in Rajasthan
1. Rajasthan attracted 14% of total foreign visitors during 20092010 which is fourth highest in all states of India. 2. Rajasthan is famous for the majestic forts, intricately carved temples and decorated havelis. 3. Heritage Hotels. 4. Parks and Sancturies 5. Wildlife & Adventure 6. Palance on Wheels 7. Royal Rajasthan On wheels 8. Pushkar 9. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti,Ajmer Dargah Sharif 10.Janter Manter Jaipur 11.Lakes

NATIONAL PARKS & SANCTUARIES

Rajasthan is also noted for National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. There are four national park and wildlife sanctuaries named the Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur, Sariska Tiger Reserve of Alwar, Ranthambore National Park of Sawai Madhopur, and Desert National Park of Jaisalmer. Besides, it houses several small wildlife sanctuaries and eco-tourism parks . Prominent among them are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary, Jaisamand Sanctuary,Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar sanctuary and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary.

TRANSPORTATION
RSRTC (Bus Service) The Corporation has 48 depot spread over the State. The Corporation buses daily cover over 1.5 million kilometers catering to nearly 1 million passengers through its network of over 13000 services to all-important places in Rajasthan and adjoining States of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Roads: 1,51,914 km. (8,798 km National Highway) All the major city linked each other by Mega Highway. National highways crossing Rajasthan: Delhi-Ahmedabad, Agra-Bikaner, JaipurBhopal, Bhatinda-Kandla and Pali-Ambala & East - West Corridor.

RAILWAY
Rajasthan is connected with the main cities of India by rail. Jaipur, Kota, Bikaner, Ajmer, Udaipur and Jodhpur are the principal railway stations in Rajasthan. North Western Railway is one of the sixteen railway zones in India.It is headquartered at Jaipur. It comprises four divisions: Jodhpur and reorganized Bikaner division of the erstwhile Northern Railway and reorganized Jaipur and Ajmer divisions of the erstwhile Western Railway

AIRPORTS IN RAJASTHAN
All chief cities are connected by air

Jaipur Sanganer Airport International / Domestic Udaipur - Maharana Pratap Airport Domestic Jodhpur Airport Domestic Jaisalmer Airport Domestic Kota Airport Domestic Bikaner - Nal (Bikaner) Airport Domestic

MEDIA
Rajasthans frist news paper is Majhrul-surur (1849),this newspaper is published in two languages Urdu & hindi from bharatpur. 1879-1920 Desh hiteshi, Paropkari, Anath rakshak, Dharm vartant 1920-1974 Tarun Rajasthan, Rajasthan, Meera After 1947 Amar jyoti, Arawali, 15-August, Sawtrant Bharat, Lalkar, Lok Jivan, Senani, Lokmat, Ganrajya, Aag, Jawala, Lokraj, Jai-hind Current The Hindustan times, Time of India, Indian Express, Statesman, Time (English Daily) Rastrduth, Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhaskar, Jalte deep, Dainik navjyotik, Amar Rajasthan, Jai Rajasthan, Lokwarta Samachar (Hindi Daily)

Print

Samachar Jagat, Mahanagar times, News today, Evening plus, Evening Post

Broadcast medium
Regional News Channel

Doordarshan Jaipur ETV Rajasthan TV9 Rajasthan Sahara Samay

Air, Gyan Vani, Radio Banasthali Major FM Station Radio Mirchi, Radio City, South Asia FM, MY FM, FM Radio 7, 95 FM Tadka

Radio

RIVERS, CANALS & DAMS

Chambal,Ghaggar-Hakra, Sabarmati, Luni, Mahi, Banas, Kali Sindh, Jawai, Ahar, Gambhir, West Banas, Arvari, Bandi, Parbati, Mithari, Berach, Gomati, Sukri, Sukali Dams And Canals In Rajasthan: Agra Canal, Indira Gandhi Canal, Jawai Dam, Kota Barrage, Hemawas, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, Ummed Sagar Bandh.

ECONOMY
Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses, sugarcane, and oilseeds. Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and the second largest producer of oilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool-producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textiles. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fibre in India. The Bhilwara District produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra and the bhilwara is the largest city in suiting's production and export.

Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the town of Kota, in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines at Zawarmala for zinc, Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings and residential buildings. This stone is termed as "chittar patthar". Rajasthan is now the preferred destination for IT companies and North India's largest integrated IT park is located in Jaipur and is named as Mahindra World City Jaipur covering nearly 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land. Some of the companies operating in Rajasthan include Infosys, Genpact, Wipro, Truworth, Deutsche Bank, NEI, MICO, Honda Siel Cars, Coca Cola and Procter & Gamble.

Gross area irrigated 8088455 Hect. in 2008-2009

Crop
(i) Food grains (ii) Oil seeds (iii) Cotton

Irrigated Area (Hect.)

3820898 2575439 353812

Production (m.tn)
16084435 4229346 146576

(iv) Sugarcane

10035

594056