The Sun is the main source of energy for life on earth

Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.

 The process of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, specifically using chlorophyll, the green pigment involved in photosynthesis.

Stages of Photosynthesis
Two main stages in photosynthesis - Light reaction - Dark reaction Light reaction occurs only in the presence of light. Dark reaction happens during the day and night with the absence of light. The two reactions of photosynthesis occur at different sites in chloroplast: -light reaction occurs in thylakoid -dark reaction occurs in the stroma.

Light Reaction
i. ii. iii. Chlorophyll captures light energy which excites the electron of chlorophyll molecules to higher energy level. Electron can leave the chlorophyll molecules at this excited state. At the same time, light energy also used to split water molecules into hydrogen ion (H+) and hydroxyl ion (OH) . This reaction known as photolysis of water. The hydrogen ion (H+) combine with the electron released by chlorophyll to form hydrogen atoms v. vi. vii. viii.

iv.

At the same time, each hydroxyl ion (OH) loses an electron to form a hydroxyl group. Chlorophyll then receive this electron. The hydroxyl group then combine to form water and oxygen gas. The energy from the excited electrons is used to form energy-rich molecules of adenosine triphospate (ATP). The ATP molecules and hydrogen atoms then will used for dark reaction which take place in the stroma.

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