Design Constraints

Written Report Format

Product Design Constraints and Requirements

Design

Engineers must consider a multitude of technical, economic, social, environmental, and political constraints when they design products and processes.

There

must be clear evidence in your design project that you have addressed the constraints that are relevant to your project.

Effect of Constraints
Better Designs
Constraint Limits
Design Changes

Design Changes

Functional Constraints
Overall Geometry size, width, space, arrangement Motion of parts type, direction, velocities, acceleration, kinematics Forces involved load direction, magnitude, load, impact Energy needed heating, cooling, conversion, pressure Materials to be used flow, transport, properties Control system electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic Information flow inputs, outputs, form, display

Safety Constraints
Operational direct, indirect, hazard elimination Human warnings, training Environmental land, sea, air, noise, light, radiation, reaction, transport

Quality Constraints
Quality assurance regulations, standards, codes Quality control inspection, testing, labeling Reliability design life, failures, statistics

Manufacturing Constraints
Production of components factory limitations, means of production, wastes Purchase of components supplier quality, reliability, quality control, inspection Assembly installation, foundations, bolting, welding Transport material handling, clearance, packaging

Timing Constraints
Design schedule project planning, project control Development schedule design detailing, compliance tests Production schedule manufacture, assembly, packing, transport Delivery schedule delivery date, distribution network, supply chains

Economic Constraints
Marketing analysis size of market, distribution, market segments Design costs design team computing, information retrieval Development costs design detailing, supplier costs, testing costs Manufacturing cost - tooling, labor, overhead, assembly, inspection Distribution costs - packing, transport, service centers, spare parts, warranty Resources time, budget, labor, capital, machines, material

Ergonomic Constraints
User needs type of operation, instructions, warnings Ergonomic design man-machine relationships, operation, height, layout, comfort, lighting Cybernetic design controls, layout, clarity, interactions

Ecological Constraints
General environmental impact impact on natural resources, social resources Sustainability political and commercial consequences, implications for following generations Material selection solid, liquid, gas, stability, protection, toxicity Working fluid selection fluid, gas, flammability, toxicity

Aesthetic Constraints
Customer appeal shape, color, texture, form, feel, smell, surprise and delight features Fashion culture, history, trends Future expectations rate of change in technology, trends, product families

Life-Cycle Constraints
Distribution means of transport, nature and conditions of dispatch, rules, regulations Operation quietness, wear, special uses, working environments Maintenance servicing intervals, inspection, exchange and repair, cleaning, diagnostics Disposal recycle, scrap

Legal/Ethical Constraints
Regulations OSHA, FAA, FDA Ethics public safety, health, welfare and integrity Intellectual Property patents, trademarks, copyrights

Project Reports
MidTerm report

Oral report
Final Report

MidTerm Report
Should describe MidSemester progress Think of it as a start on your final report Introductory and background material and project description material will remain the same

Technical Communication Format (MAE 451)

Double Five Include technical discussion

Include business topics as appropriate

Report Format
Summary The Problem Scope and Goals Solution Results Conclusions References

Summary
Summarize the project and your work Dont summarize the report Briefly introduce the problem Summarize the solution and conclusions Typically half a page in length

The Problem (Introduction)

Introduce the design problem here Background information on the company or research/laboratory area What is the project?

The Problem (Introduction)

Introduce the design problem here Background information on the company or research/laboratory area What is the project? Why is it of interest? What are constraints or requirements that the solution must satisfy Briefly highlight the contents of the report

Scope and Goals

Very specific description of your design project and expectations What specifically was to be accomplished? Are you part of a team? Are you continuing a project? What is needed to finish the project?

Solution
Select Titles and Subtitles for your project This is the place to describe the details of your work process and issues encountered Discuss constraints and your management of them - a special subsection would be best Include figures, graphs and photos Large amounts of information should be in an appendix at the end of the report

Results
Describe the results of your work including your resulting design Include figures, drawings etc. as appropriate Comment on the quality of your technical results and design

Conclusions
Have you achieved the goals of your design? Is the problem completely solved? Is there continuation after the semester ends? Will the project have to be continued by another group? If more work is needed, describe it carefully and suggest a completion schedule.

References
References make your work credible Back up all of your facts with references Indicate references for any previous work on your design project Indicate references for similar projects by others Use references for any technical approaches used in your solution State your references completely

Report Format
Summary The Problem Scope and Goals Solution Results Conclusions References

Comments on Figures
Figures are best inserted directly in the text Insert figures right after they are discussed Clearly number each figure and be sure to discuss the figure by number As an alternate - place all the figures together at the end of the report

Just to Summarize
Think about CONSTRAINTS and report on their effect on your design Make your report professional Think of the MidTerm report as a start on your final report Make use of the suggested report format