Review Question: 1. What was the Wilmot Proviso?

2. How did it affect the tensions between the north and south?

SSUSH8 e. Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth. SSUSH9 a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Browns Raid.

Unit 4: A Nation Divided

Lesson 3: Failed Compromise

What do we do with the New Territory?

To counter the Wilmot Proviso and to ease tension, a proposal was made to allow the new territories to decide for themselves on the slavery issue, an idea called popular sovereignty California applied for statehood in 1849, threatening to break the balance of free and slave states To settle the balance, Henry Clay proposed a resolution which became know as the Compromise of 1850.

Compromise of 1850
The compromise: 1. California became free state 2. Slave trade ended in D.C. but could keep slaves they already had. 3. New Mexico and Utah territories could decide for themselves if they would be free or slave states. (Popular Sovereignty) 4. Fugitive Slave Act: Runaway slaves to free states must be returned to their owners. (Many Northerners refused to obey)

1828

1845

1820

1846

1848

1850

1853

Missouri Compromise Andrew Jackson is elected/nullification crisis

Mexican War

Gold is discovered in CA Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Seneca Falls Convention

CA becomes a FREE state Compromise of 1850

Annexation of Texas

Gadsden Purchase

The Compromise Fails

During the 1850s, the U.S. Government developed the plan for a Transcontinental Railroad The RR caused the same expansion issue to be revisited again- new territories needed to become states (Nebraska Territory)

How about another compromise?

The Compromise of 1850 settled the issue of CA , and the Missouri Compromise settled the issue of Missouri and Maine Many people thought that if we add in TWO territories, then one would be a slave territory, and the other would be a free territory, but this did not happen If the Missouri Compromise stood, how would the slave states feel?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Terms of this bill:

1. Repeal the Missouri Compromise Which would allow slavery in the region 2. the slavery question was left up to the people in the territories (Popular Sovereignty) By this time, peoples support of slavery and opposition of slavery was extreme

Bleeding Kansas

In Kansas, supporters of slavery drafted a Constitution allowing slavery Opponents of slavery drafted a Constitution that closes slavery to the territory

Violence erupted because of disagreements between slavery; known as Bleeding Kansas Delays statehood of Kansas

Slavery and sectionalism intensifies

Many events show how the condition of the Union becomes more vulnerable during the 1850s

1852: Uncle Toms Cabin 1855: Bleeding Kansas 1857: Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision 1859: John Browns Raid

Dred Scott Case-1857

Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri in the 1850s when he and his owner entered into a free state. After the owner dies, Scott sues for freedom claiming because he went to a place where slavery was not allowed, he was free. Supreme court ruled against Scott in 1857 because Scott was not a citizen he could not sue. Also struck down the Missouri Compromise saying slave owners could not have their Property taken from them without due process of law.

Exit Ticket!
When do you think it was clear that compromises would no longer work to resolve the expansion and slavery issue in the United States?

Step 1: Read John Browns Raid section in book 337-338 and fill in the notes on your sheet from yesterday. (Books are in the desks) Who is John Brown? What happened? Why did John Brown raid Harpers Ferry? What was the outcome? What were some effects?
Step 2: Choose one of the documents as a group and complete the Primary Source Sheet. Step 3: Opinion paragraph-Individual Was John Brown a hero or murderer? (Ignore 200 word minimum)- 1 paragraph

John Browns Raid