Circular Motion

Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion (Description of Uniform Circular Motion) Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion (Why does a particle move in a circle?)

Reading Question
Reviewing for the exam I have spent 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Zero hours hour 1 hour 1 hours 2 hours 2 hours 3 or more hours

Reading Question
Circular motion is best analyzed in a coordinate system with 1. x- and y-axes. 2. x-, y-, and z-axes. 3. x- and z-axes. 4. r-, t-, and z-axes.

Reading Question
Circular motion is best analyzed in a coordinate system with 1. x- and y-axes. 2. x-, y-, and z-axes. 3. x- and z-axes. 4. r-, t-, and z-axes.

Reading Question
The quantity with the symbol w is called 1. 2. 3. 4. the circular weight. the angular velocity. the circular velocity. the centripetal acceleration.

Reading Question
The quantity with the symbol w is called 1. 2. 3. 4. the circular weight. the angular velocity. the circular velocity. the centripetal acceleration.

Reading Question
For uniform circular motion, the net force 1. 2. 3. 4. points toward the center of the circle. points toward the outside of the circle. is tangent to the circle. is zero.

Reading Question
For uniform circular motion, the net force 1. 2. 3. 4. points toward the center of the circle. points toward the outside of the circle. is tangent to the circle. is zero.

Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion is a particle moving at constant speed in a circle.

Circular Motion
Is the speed changing? Is the velocity changing? Yes, changing in direction but not in magnitude. The period is defined as the time to make one complete revolution

circuferen ce 2r v period T

Circular Motion
How do we describe the position of the particle? The angle q is the angular position. Again q is defined to be positive in the counter-clockwise direction. Angles are usually measured in radians.
s is arc length. r is the radius of the circle.

q ( radians)

s r

Circular Motion
Radians
q ( radians)
s r

For a full circle.

q fullcircle

s 2r 2 r r

rad

1 rev 360 0 2

rad

3600 1 rad 1 rad 2 rad

s rq

Circular Motion
Angular velocity The angular displacement is

q q f q i
Average angular velocity

q q f qi w w t t f ti
Instantaneous angular velocity

limit q dq w t 0 t dt

We will worry about the direction later. Like one dimensional motion +will do. Positive angular velocity is counter-clock=wise.

Circular Motion
Coordinate System

Circular Motion
So, is there an acceleration?

Circular Motion
So, is there an acceleration?

Student Workbook

Student Workbook

Student Workbook

Student Workbook
a

Fbank

Student Workbook
Flift ,drag
w

Fengine

side of plane

Fbank
Which way is the plane turning? To the left

Flift
w

Circular Motion
So, is there an acceleration?

Yes

v a r

directed toward the center of curvature (center of circle)

Class Questions
A particle moves cw around a circle at constant speed for 2.0 s. It then reverses direction and moves ccw at half the original speed until it has traveled through the same angle. Which is the particles angle-versus-time graph?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Class Questions
A particle moves cw around a circle at constant speed for 2.0 s. It then reverses direction and moves ccw at half the original speed until it has traveled through the same angle. Which is the particles angle-versus-time graph?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Class Questions
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the centripetal accelerations (ar)ato (ar)e of particles a to e.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(ar)b > (ar)e > (ar)a > (ar)d > (ar)c (ar)b = (ar)e > (ar)a = (ar)c > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)a = (ar)c = (ar)e > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)a = (ar)a > (ar)e > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)e > (ar)a = (ar)c > (ar)d

Class Questions
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the centripetal accelerations (ar)ato (ar)e of particles a to e.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(ar)b > (ar)e > (ar)a > (ar)d > (ar)c (ar)b = (ar)e > (ar)a = (ar)c > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)a = (ar)c = (ar)e > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)a = (ar)a > (ar)e > (ar)d (ar)b > (ar)e > (ar)a = (ar)c > (ar)d

Circular Motion

Circular Motion
PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY 7.1 Circular motion problems MODEL Make simplifying assumptions. VISUALIZE Pictorial representation. Establish a coordinate system with the r-axis pointing toward the center of the circle. Show important points in the motion on a sketch. Define symbols and identify what the problem is trying to find. Physical representation. Identify the forces and show them on a free-body diagram. SOLVE Newtons second law is . Determine the force components from the free-body diagram. Be careful with signs. . SOLVE for the acceleration, then use kinematics to find velocities and positions. ASSESS Check that your result has the correct units, is reasonable, and answers the questions.