This image is a

visualization of the
Earth with lines of
latitude and longitude
shown. How are lines of
latitude and longitude
drawn on a globe of
Earth?

A. Latitude lines are parallel

and longitude lines meet at
the poles

C. Latitude lines are parallel

and longitude lines meet at
the equator

E. Longitude lines are parallel

and latitude lines meet at
the poles

G. Longitude lines are parallel

and latitude lines meet at
the equator

I. None of the above are

 On the left side of this
satellite image the
Indian subcontinent can
be seen. In which
general direction is this
image oriented?

• North

• South

• East

• West

• Up
 In geography, big
numbers are often used.
How many millions are
there in a billion?

A. 10

C. 100

E. 1000

G. 10000

I. 100000
 The figure shows a
series of 3 maps of
Lancaster, England.
Which of the maps is of
the largest scale?

A. The map labeled “Level 1”

C. The map labeled “Level 2”

E. The map labeled “Level 3”

G. They are all the same scale

I. They are of different

scales, but it is impossible
to tell which scale is larger
or smaller
 An airplane takes off
from a location at 17°S
latitude and flies to a
new location 55° due
north of its starting
point. What latitude has
the plane reached?

A. 28°N

C. 38°N

E. 55°N

G. 72°N

I. 38°S
 Base your answer to
this question on the
topographic map shown
here. Points X, Y, and Z
are locations on the
map. Elevations are
expressed in meters.

What is the elevation of

point Z?

A. 190 m

C. 220 m

E. 240 m

G. 250 m

I. None of the above

 On the left side of this
satellite image part of
the continent of Africa
can be seen. A section
of desert can be seen
there. What
is the name of this
desert?

A. Sahara Desert

C. Gobi Desert

E. Kalahari Desert

G. Mohave Desert

I. Atacama Desert
 Which of the following
indexes was developed
by the United Nations in
order to determine the
‘quality of life’ of people
in a particular area?

A. Gini Index

C. Human Development Index

E. Gross National Happiness

Index

G. Gross Domestic Product

Index

I. All of the above

 Which two continents
can be seen in this
satellite image?

A. Africa & South America

C. Asia & Europe

E. North America & Europe

G. North America & Africa

I. None of the above are

correct
 According to this map,
which region in the
United States was
warmer than average
during November and
December 2008?

A. Northeast

C. North / Great Lakes

E. Southwest

G. None of the above were

warmer during November
to December 2008

I. All of the above were

warmer during November
to December 2008
 The image in this aerial
photograph is most
likely…

A. …a school

C. …an airport

E. …a ferry terminal

G. …private housing

I. …a hospital
At which grid reference
can the lake be found
on the map shown here?

A. G5

C. B2

E. H1

G. F4

I. A4
What does this dot map
of China most likely
show?

C. The location of mosques in

the country

E. Population density

G. Areas of food production

I. Areas with high annual

rainfall

K. The distribution of
earthquakes in the country
 The figure shows the
population pyramids for
developed and
developing countries in
the year 2000. Using
the population
pyramids, which of the
following statements is
true?

A. On average, men live

longer than women

C. The ratio of young to old is

greater in developed
countries than in
developing countries

E. There is a higher birth rate

in developing countries
than in developed
countries

G. There is a greater death

rate amongst 30-34 year
olds in developed countries
than in developing
countries
 According to the wind
rose shown here for the
city of Seattle,
Washington, which of
the following
statements is true?

A. Most of the wind is blowing

from the North to the
South

C. Most of the wind is blowing

from the South to the
North

E. No wind blows from the

East

G. Wind speed in Seattle

never reaches 17 knots

I. None of these statements

are true
 Which of the following
statements is true
about Earth’s radiation
balance?

A. Solar radiation is short

wave radiation

C. Terrestrial radiation is long

wave radiation

E. Not all of the energy from

the sun reaches the
surface of the Earth

G. Not all of the energy

radiating out from the
Earth goes back into space

I. All of the above statements

are true
 Which of the following
statements is true
about soils?

A. Soils consist entirely of

minerals

C. Soils are always more

nutrient where there is
more rainfall

E. Organic matter is a
component of soils

G. Soils are the same

throughout the world

I. All of the above statements

are true
 Which of the climatic
conditions below allows
for the growth of
rainforests?

A. Polar

C. Humid temperate

E. Humid tropical

G. Dry

I. None of the above

 Which of the following
is NOT a part of the
hydrological cycle?

A. Evaporation

C. Precipitation

E. Condensation

G. Radiation

I. Infiltration
 This image shows the
Mississippi River
Drainage Basin.
Neighboring drainage
basins are separated
from each other by…

A. …a river

C. …a ridge

E. …a fault

G. …a sea

I. …a dam
 Which of the following
river features can NOT
be seen in this photo?

A. The river channel

C. A meander

E. An oxbow lake

G. A tributary

I. A point bar
 The greatest
percentage of fresh
water on Earth is found
in…

A. …polar ice

C. …groundwater

E. …rivers

G. …lakes

I. …the atmosphere
 A chart that compares
the discharge of a river
with the amount of
rainfall over time is
called…

A. …a rose diagram

C. …a Lorenz curve

E. …a chi-squared chart

G. …a barometer

I. …a hydrograph
 Which of the following
countries would see
increased rainfall during
an ENSO (El Nino
Southern Oscillation)
event?

A. Indonesia

C. Philippines

E. China

G. Peru

I. Australia
 Ocean ridges form
where…

A. …tectonic plates converge

C. …tectonic plates diverge

E. …tectonic plates stay

stationary

G. …the ocean floor is

deepest

I. …the ocean floor is

shallowest
 An earthquake that
occurs at a plate
boundary on the ocean
floor can cause…

A. …a tsunami

C. …a storm surge

E. …a volcano to form

G. …an island arc to form

I. All of the above

 A river of ice and a
powerful erosive force
on our planet is called…

A. …a glacier

C. …an ice cap

E. …a crevasse

G. …a gorge

I. …an iceberg
Deserts can be found at
approximately 25
degrees north and
south of the equator
because…

A. …of geographic luck; it’s a

random occurrence

C. …a continental low
pressure belt is found here

E. …these latitudes get the

least amount of rain

G. …the sun is hottest at

these latitudes

I. …a subtropical high
pressure belt is found here
 Which of the following
processes is most
dominant in the
formation of the desert
arch shown in this
image?

A. Water erosion

C. Wind erosion

E. Chemical weathering

G. Acid rain

I. Freeze-thaw weathering
 Where do the majority
of earthquakes occur?

A. Near the equator

C. Near the poles

E. Near the boundaries of

tectonic plates

G. On large land masses

I. Near the world’s

megacities
 The series of images
shows an increase in
average night time
temperature in the area
near Phoenix, Arizona
from 1994 to 2004.
Which of the following
is most likely the cause?

A. Global warming

C. ‘Urban Heat Island’ effect

E. El Nino Southern
Oscillation

G. Desertification

I. Tectonics
 The images show two
mass wasting events in
the same location in
different years. Which
of the following makes a
mass wasting event
more likely?

A. Very hot summer

temperatures

C. Extremely forested slopes

E. Increased amounts of
carbon in the atmosphere

G. Heavy rainfall

I. None of the above are

correct
 In which of the
following countries
might a sustainable eco-
tourism operation be
possible which involves
whitewater rafting
while making a
contribution to rice
farmers?

A. Saudi Arabia

C. Estonia

E. Philippines

G. Canada

I. Namibia
 Which of the following
contributes to water
scarcity in a country?

A. A lack of rainfall

C. Increased water
abstraction (removal)

E. Water pollution

G. None of the above

contribute to water scarcity

I. All of the above contribute

to water scarcity
 Petroleum is most
frequently found in…

A. …non-porous igneous rock

C. ….porous metamorphic
rock

E. …non-porous sedimentary
rock

G. …porous sedimentary rock

I. …porous igneous rock

 Which of the following
is an example of a
renewable source of
energy?

A. Coal

C. Oil

E. Natural gas

G. Nuclear power

I. Geothermal power
 What factor of the
physical environment is
most likely to lead
people in the Sahel (see
image) to immigrate?

A. Tsunamis

C. Drought

E. Earthquakes

G. Volcanoes

I. Flash floods
 Why are rivers not the
best physical features
to choose as a border
between two countries?

A. Bridges are difficult and

expensive to build

C. Rivers change their course

(meander) over time

E. Not all countries have

rivers

G. Rivers are only found in the

mountains

I. Some rivers are very wide

The Earth is titled on its
axis as shown in the
image. Given this fact,
which of the following
statements is true?

A. At certain times of the year

there are 24 hours of
daylight at the equator

C. South facing slopes receive

more solar radiation than
north facing slopes in the
Northern Hemisphere

E. The Tropic of Capricorn is

the midpoint between the
Equator and the South Pole

G. All of the above are true

I. None of the above are true

 Which of the regions
below has the most
biodiversity and
therefore the most
bacteria and disease?

A. Equatorial regions

C. Sub-polar regions

E. Mid-latitude regions

G. Polar regions

I. All of the above regions are

the same
 How does a sand spit
form (see image)?

A. This only happens during a

neap tide

C. The only happens during a

spring tide

E. Longshore drift and

deposition

G. Wave refraction

I. Undercutting of a wave-cut
platform
 Calcium, Magnesium,
Sodium, and Potassium
are needed for crop
growth. They are all
examples of…

A. …rocks

C. …natural elements

E. …minerals

G. …soils

I. …nutrients
 Which of the following
may explain the
lowering of the water
table from figure A to
figure B in the diagram
shown here?

A. Heavy rainfall

C. Water extraction by human

beings

E. A drought

G. Both A and B above are

correct

I. Both B and C above are

correct
 Which of the following
is a part of the rock
cycle?

A. Mountain uplift

C. Erosion

E. Metamorphism

G. Melting & Intrusion

I. All of the above are part of

the rock cycle
 A person who is
personally responsible
for high amounts of
fossil fuel consumption
due to their lifestyle is
said to have a large…

A. …ecological footprint

C. …ecological handprint

E. …sustainable footprint

G. …sustainable handprint

I. …sustainable development
 The chart shows
possible projections for
the total world
population in the
future. Which of the
following trends likely
leads to a DECREASE in
the growth of the
world’s population?

A. An increase in
contraceptive use

C. More family planning in

developing countries

E. Economic growth

G. An increase in the
frequency of major global
epidemics

I. All of the above are correct

 population of a country
is defined as those
under 15 or over 65
years of age. Which of
the following countries
currently has the
largest dependent
population as a
percentage of the
working population?

A. Uganda

C. Singapore

E. Japan

G. Italy

I. Argentina
 Which of the following
is an example of gender
inequality in culture?

A. The fact that women live

longer than men

C. The fact that there is a

large difference in the
number of boys and girls
born in China under the
‘One Child Policy’

E. The fact that some families

in African countries are
larger than those in East
Asian countries

G. All of the above are

examples of gender
inequality

I. None of the above are

 the Gini Coefficient.
Countries with a high
Gini Coefficient have
bigger disparities in
wealth than those with
a low Gini Coefficient.
Use the map to
determine which of the
following statements is
true.

A. On average, South
American countries have
small gaps between rich
and poor people
B. Scandinavian countries
have large disparities in
wealth
C. Russia has one of the
largest disparities in wealth
of any country in the world
D. China has greater
disparities in wealth than
most of its bordering
countries
E. None of the above
statements are true
 Which of the following
businesses is most
likely to be considered
‘informal employment’?

A. Street vending/Hawking

C. Standard Chartered Bank

E. Nike outlet store

G. An organized food court

I. New York City Private High

School
 The icons shown here
indicate the 8
Millennium
Development Goals
(MDGs) set out by the
United Nations. Which
of the following is true
about the Millennium
Development Goals?

A. The Millennium
Development Goals were
established in the year
2000 and they are to be
achieved by the year 2050
B. The Millennium
Development Goals require
the cooperation of only the
rich countries
C. The Millennium
Development Goals require
the cooperation of only the
poor countries
D. Some countries are on
track to achieve these
goals and others may not
reach any of them
E. The United States does not
 Remittances are…

A. …job cuts due to the

outsourcing of labor.

C. …residential areas within

or just outside the
boundaries of a city.

E. …transfers of money/goods
by foreign workers to their
home countries.

G. …organizations in the
private sector that
negotiate matters of public
concern.

I. …firms that own or control

 The concept of
improving the quality of
our current lives while
at the same time
preserving the planet
for future generations is
most commonly known
as sustainable…

A. …perfection

C. …improvement

E. …development

G. …enhancement

I. …progress
 The Green Revolution
refers to…

A. …the environmental
policies of Greenpeace

C. …hybrid crops introduced

to promote agricultural
development

E. …a fundamental Islamic
political movement

G. …efforts to provide parks

and open space around
industrial cities

I. …the development of
garden cities
 Which of the following
is a disease of affluence
rather than a disease of
poverty?

A. Malaria

C. Cholera

E. Obesity

G. Dengue Fever

I. None of the above are

diseases of affluence
 Which of the following
organizations uses this
as their logo?

A. United Nations

C. World Food Program

E. World Trade Organization

G. Greenpeace

I. European Union
 Which country has the
highest child mortality
rate?

A. Pakistan

C. Thailand

E. South Korea

G. United Kingdom

I. These countries all have

the same child mortality
rate
 Urbanization has taken
place in Shenzhen,
China primarily
because…

A. …the Chinese government

made this area of China a
Special Economic Zone
which attracts businesses

C. …the majority of people

from Hong Kong have
migrated there

E. …it is too cold in Northern

China

G. …the Chinese government

has made Shenzhen a
garden city

I. …it is the capital city of

 Which of the following
cities is known for its
large, hillside slums,
known locally as
‘favelas’?

A. Mumbia, India

C. Johannesburg, South Africa

E. Chicago, USA

G. Lisbon, Portugal

I. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

 Given the territorial
shapes and their
respective
classifications, how
would you classify the
country of Indonesia ?

A. Prorupt

C. Compact

E. Elongated

G. Fragmented

I. Perforated
 What is the primary
purpose of this map?

A. To show the cultural

diversity in the former
country of Yugoslavia

C. To show the total

population of the former
Yugoslavia

E. To show the former

Yugoslavia’s position within
Europe

G. To show the military

strength of the Former
Yugoslavia

I. To show countries that

 Which of the following
refers to the study of
the relationship
between the physical
environment and
culture?

A. Central place theory

C. Ecosystem analysis

E. Culture history

G. Cultural ecology

I. Polytheism
 Thomas Malthus based
his work on population
on which of the
following premises?

A. Both food production and

population increase
arithmetically

C. Food production increases

arithmetically and
population increases
exponentially

E. Both food production and

population increase
exponentially

G. Food production increases

exponentially and
population increases
arithmetically
As a country’s economy
develops, a smaller
percentage of the
workforce tends to be
employed in…

A. …agriculture, because
industrialization decreases
the value of rural land

C. …agriculture, because
investment in technology
increases yields and
decreases labor demand

E. …industry, because the

profit from extracting
natural resources increases

G. …industry, because
productivity increases as
labor costs rise
 What is the purpose of
the ‘Drop the Debt’
campaign?

A. To eliminate taxes in all

countries

C. To stop rich countries from

collecting debt payments
from poor countries

E. To raise awareness about

the economic crisis

G. To stop development aid to

Africa

I. To kick multi-national
corporations out of poor
countries
 Which oilfield has the
potential to cause
geopolitical conflict
over territory?

A. Burgan Oilfield

C. Mutriba Oilfield

E. Magwa Oilfield

G. Rumaylah Oilfield

I. Al-Madi Oilfield
 What is eco-tourism?

A. Adventure travel to see

communities where no
foreigners have ever been
before

C. Adventure travel to the

most ecologically unique
parts of the planet

E. Responsible travel to
sustainable hotels in urban
areas

G. Responsible travel without

any carbon emissions

I. Responsible travel to
 People who protest like
this are part of which
movement?

A. World Trade Organization

Movement

C. Globalization Movement

E. Glocalization Movement

G. Anti-globalization
Movement

I. Capitalist Movement
 Which of the following
is an example of ‘social
stress’ in an urban
area?

A. Crime

C. Noise Pollution

E. Congestion

G. None of the above are

examples of ‘social stress’

I. All of the above are

examples of ‘social stress’
 Which of the following
is an example of a long-
term response after an
earthquake hits a city?

A. Medical treatment for

wounded people

C. Bury the dead

E. Ask for emergency aid

from international
organizations and
governments

G. Re-build structures to
withstand stronger
earthquakes

I. Set up temporary housing

for displaced people
 What is this bestselling
book about?

A. A history of mapmaking in
the 21st century

C. A discussion on the impact

of technology to connect
more people more quickly
in the 21st century

E. A discussion on the
dangers of globalization in
the 21st century

G. A history of the physical

world in the 21st century

I. A biography of Tom
Friedman
 What is this plan most
likely showing?

A. The proposed area for an

urban regeneration project

C. The proposed area for an

industrialization project

E. The proposed area for a

new airport

G. The proposed area for a

landfill

I. The potential locations of

Weapons of Mass
Destruction hidden in an
urban area
 Which of the following
countries is famous for
giving large agricultural
subsidies to its farmers?

A. Guatemala

C. Australia

E. Tanzania

G. Unites States of America

I. Zimbabwe
 Which organization’s
website is this ?

(hint – see acronym

circled in red)

A. Conservation International

C. Conservation Interest

E. Conservation Individuals

G. Conservation Ideals

I. Conservation Interactive
 Which magazine has
this as its logo?

A. National Geographic

C. Geography International

E. Journal of Geography

G. Geography

I. World Geography