Synchrophasor Homework Network for ERCOT

U.T. McDonald Observatory Observatory PMU PMU

McDonald

Bus 2 DFW

250 km

Bus 6 COAL

Bus 7 WIND

500 km UT Austin PMU

300 km 400 km

Oscilloscope View. If UT Austin = 0 ref, then Positive-sequence line constants for McD leads byeach 60345kV , andcircuit: Pan Am lags by 30
R = 0.06 /km per conductor +60 30 L = 1 H/m C = 12 pF/m Rating = 800 A per conductor From the L, XL (500 km) = 188.5 For 345 kV, 100 MVA base, Zbase = 1190 For each 500 km circuit, XL = 0.158 pu Thus, four parallel circuits have XL = 0.040pu, and six parallel circuits have 360 XL = 0.026 pu

Bus 3 UT
300 km

150 km

Bus 1 HOU

Bus 4 SA

Relatively small phase angle variation in central ERCOT

400 km

Bus 5 VAL

U.T. Pan Am PMU

Small oscillations in the relative phase angles give an indication grid stability. Essentially, these oscillations provide an EKG for large power grids.

1 Minute Window

Angle Ringdown at McD

1 Minute Window

Angle Ringdown at PanAm

Frequency, 3 Minutes Beginning April 24, 2011,19:54 CDT

60.05 60.04 60.03 60.02
Harris 69 McD

Hz
60.01 60.00 59.99 59.98 0
60.05 60.04 60.03 60.02

Frequency, 3 1 Minutes Beginning April 24,22011,19:54 CDT

Minutes

Hz

Harris 69 PanAm

60.01 60.00 59.99 59.98 0 1 Minutes 2 3

Voltage Phase Angle, 3 Minutes Beginning April 24, 2011,19:54 CDT

3

Degrees

McD

-1 0
22

1 2 24, 2011,19:54 CDT Voltage Phase Angle, 3 Minutes Beginning April Minutes

21

Degrees

20

PanAm

19

18 0 1 Minutes 2 3

Unit Trip, April 24, 2011, 21:15 CDT

Unit Trip, April 24, 2011, 21:15 CDT

Unit Trip, April 24, 2011, 21:15 CDT

PanAm

McD

McDonald
Start Sec Stop Sec 24.5 28.9 A 13.31 t1 24.88 B 13.98 Tau1 0.14

Ring Magnitude, degrees

t2 25.14 C 0.88 Tau2 2.97 Fdamp 0.585 Wdamp 3.68 Zeta 0.092

Steady-State Change = 13.98 13.31 = 0.7 degrees

Damped Resonant Frequency, Hz

Unit Trip April 24, 2011, 21:15:25 CDT. McDonald Angle Relative to U.T. Austin 15

Normalized Damping Coefficient

Degrees

14

Measured Curve Fit

13 23 24 25 26 27 28
Seconds

29

30

31

32

33

Pan Am
Start Sec Stop Sec 24.5 28.9 A 17.68 t1 24.62 B 14.40 Tau1 0.23

Ring Magnitude, degrees

t2 24.93 C -2.23 Tau2 1.58 Fdamp 0.591 Wdamp 3.71 Zeta 0.170

Steady-State Change = 14.40 17.68 = -3.3 degrees

Damped Resonant Frequency, Hz

Unit Trip April 24, 2011, 21:15:25 CDT. Pan Am Angle Relative to U.T. Austin 18 17 16
Degrees

Normalized Damping Coefficient

15 14 13 12 23 24 25 26 27 28
Seconds

Measured Curve Fit

29

30

31

32

33

Damped Oscillation Frequencies, Magnitudes, and Normalized Damping Ratios for the Hour 21:00 22:00 CDT, April 24, 2011
McD Voltage Angle Relative to UT Austin UT Pan Am Voltage Angle Relative to UT Austin

West Texas Voltage Phase Angle Advances 80+ Degrees in 6 Hours

Voltage Phase Angle Relative to UT Austin 1-Minute Averages, Tuesday, April 26, 2011, Beginning 09:00 CDT 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Hour of the Week, CDT

Degrees

McD PanAm

UT Pan Am Voltage Phase Angle wrt Central ERCOT

-5

-10

-15

-20 0 1 2 3 4 5

Minute Beginning 07:26 CDT on April 27, 2011

UT Pan Am Voltage Phase Angle wrt Central ERCOT

-5

UT Pan Am Voltage Phase Angle wrt Central ERCOT

-10
-10

UT Pan Am Voltage Phase Angle wrt Central ERCOT

-10

-15

-15

-15 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

-20 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113

-20 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233

Second Beginning 07:26:00 CDT on April 27, 2011

Second Beginning 07:26:00 CDT on April 27, 2011

Second Beginning 07:26:00 CDT on April 27, 2011

Frequency at Harris 69kV Substation (by UT Austin Campus)

60.10 60.05 60.00 59.95 59.90 59.85 59.80 0 1 2 3 4 5

Minute Beginning 04:51 CDT on April 27, 2011

Frequency at Harris 69kV Substation (by UT Austin Campus)

60.05 60.00 59.95 59.90 59.85 59.80 0 1