Ocean passage

Voyage Planning
Planning the safe & economical passage between two places

Example Ocean Passage

From Oceean Quay, Southampton To New York, via Nab Tower. ETD 1600 9th January 2012 Principles are the same regardless of size or type of craft

Voyage Planning

In all cases, the plan will cover from berth to berth and apply to any types of vessel.

For

your practical Navigation you will only do detailed plans of;

Exit and/or entry Southampton Portsmouth Warsash Cowes

Advantages of Voyage Planning

Margins of safety are considered

Critical sections of the voyage are identified Important information will not be missed Navigation marks and systems identified Watchkeeping duties are planned to ensure adequate rest Contingency plans can be drawn up

vertical (depth) & horizontal (distance)

Preliminary research

Before conducting detailed planning

Monthly routeing charts see UKHO site UKHO Navigational charts UKHO site Ocean passages for the world Distance Tables (Sea rates site) Admiralty Sailing directions (UKHO pubs site) Outline ETD,ETA Environmental briefing document

There are 4 stages in voyage planning

1.
2.

Appraisal: collecting information

Planning: planning voyage from berth to berth

3.
4.

Execution: update plan

before departure

Monitoring: making sure ship keeps to the

plan

1. Appraisal Checklist

Great Circle or Rhumbline routes TSS and shipping lanes, traffic, fishing vessels ETD,ETA and speed of advance (SOA) Meteorology Climate/weather Limitations of ship, eg loadline changes Limiting danger lines (LDL or no go lines) Time zones Availability of navaids

Detailed planning

Routes with alternatives, with LDL and courses. Distances to run ETD,ETA planned noon and midnight positions SOA and any changes Predicted currents Known meteorologiccal data (fog,ice etc)

Detailed brief before the passage

Use the small scale chart(covers a large area) Plus any large scale charts to explain critical phases

These may be ECDIS

Full navigational information

LDL, Tracks Distance to run Heights of tide, under keel clearance (UKC) Parallel indices (PI)/Clearing lines Predicted tidal stream

Full navigational information Continued

ETDs ETAs Bubble times Arrival gates Pilot boarding points/time Reporting points

Appraisal (contd.)

Correct charts are available and up to date Sailing Directions, Light Lists, etc. available Latest Notices to Mariners received Tides, currents, weather information Ships routeing and traffic volume expected Port and pilot information Any special requirements for the ship

2. Planning

On the basis of the appraisal, a detailed voyage plan is prepared from berth to berth (even when a pilot is on board) drawn on the chart(s) written in a bridge notebook

Planning (contd)

On the chart [with summary in bridge notebook]

tracks and courses to steer, where to alter course/speed highlight danger areas wrecks, shallows, etc identify electronic aids to navigation that can be used Identify good position fixing objects, e.g.

where the tide is critical, e.g height, or rate alternative contingency plans

lights, transits, clearing bearings, radar/visual objects

3. Execution

When departure time is known, consider:

ETA at critical points in the plan the weather forecast traffic conditions night or daylight passage

i.e. does anything need to be changed?

4. Monitoring
Monitor position along planned tracks by frequent fixing of position, incl. echo sounder Record key positions & alterations in the bridge logbook Check reliability of all navigation equipment at regular intervals

Note

The extent to which a vessel can keep to the planned track will depend on the type & speed of the vessel: A sailing vessel or slow power boat tends to be navigated towards the destination, as they are much affected by wind & tide and cannot keep exactly to the planned track A higher powered vessel is less affected by wind & tide and is therefore able to be navigated to the destination closer to the planned track

EXTRACTS FROM BRIDGE NOTEBOOK (38,000 tonne tanker, LOA 200m) FROM: North Sea ETD: SPEED: Full (sea) Full (man.) Half Slow D Slow TO: Risavika, Norway ETA: 15.5 kn 11.6 kn 7.8 kn 5.8 kn 3.9 kn DISTANCE: DRAFT: 10.3m TIDE: WEATHER: Wly gale F 8, gusting F 9

WAYPOINT

TRACK 018oT 357oT

DISTANCE

DTG

SPEED

UKC (min.)

Half

NOTES (Nav. aids, lights, tides, dangers, conspic. marks, traffic, pilot, tugs, regulations, messages, charts, contingency plans, etc) Chart 5119 Call pilot on VHF ch 11 Change to plan: Approaches to Risavika Keep in W sector of Oksafotskjeret lt Fl WRG 5sec Embark pilot E side of Rott I Keep in W sector of Tananger lt Gp Occ (3) WRG Danger - depth 115 0.5c to stbd. Change to plan of Risavika Leading lts 2 F.R 126o 30T Make fast tugs Leading lts 2 F.R 077oT Stbd. side alongside oil jetty

Kolnesholmane lt ho brg 108oT 3.0c

2.5

5.9

Slow

14m

W/o Tananger lt ho 084oT 1.35M Tananger lt ho 096oT 2.6c Oil terminal 2 F.R 077oT 1.6M

096oT 126oT 077oT

1.1

3.4

D Slow

13m

1.3

2.3

D Slow

20m

1.0

1.0

D Slow

1m