Vision 2020-Fossil Fuel

Free India-Biofuel

Oriental Institute of Management

Ashwin Rao(MMS-1)
Debdeep Ghosh(MMS-2)
 Fossil fuel….
 Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fossil source fuels, that is, carbon or
hydrocarbons found in the earth’s crust.
 Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of
years to form, and reserves are being depleted much faster than new
ones are being formed.
 The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tons (21.3
gigatons) of carbon dioxide per year, Carbon dioxide is one of the
greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to
global warming

Coal
Global Carbon dioxide emission
Biofuel…..Vision 2020

Jatropha
 Biofuel is defined as solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from relatively recently
dead biological material and is distinguished from fossil fuels, which are
derived from long dead biological material.

 There are two common strategies of producing liquid and gaseous agrofuels.
One is to grow crops high in sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet) and then use yeast
fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
The second is to grow plants that contain high amounts of vegetable oil, such as
oil palm, soybean, algae, jatropha, or pongamia pinnata.
When these oils are heated, their viscosity is reduced, and they can be burned
directly in a diesel engine, or they can be chemically processed to produce fuels
such as biodiesel.
 The railway line between Mumbai and Delhi is planted with Jatropha and the
train itself runs on 15-20% biodiesel.
Concept Feasibility…Biofuel
 Currently almost 70% of India’s crude oil requirement is imported, which is
expected to increase to 90% by 2020 .
 This, coupled with the price volatility of oil, which has been fluctuating from
the current $40 a barrel to $147 a barrel in the recent past, may lead to
biofuels playing an important role in reducing our dependence on imports in
future.

 Three important reasons supporting Biofuel

Bioethanol industry

Biodiesel Industry

Biofuels from Algae

Bioethanol Industry Sugarbeet soon to be produced
into ethanol

 In 2006, India was the fourth largest producer of ethanol, after the US,
Brazil, and China. Though India has been producing bio-ethanol in significant
quantities, it is being used for the manufacture of beverage and industrial alcohol
because of higher returns.

 This has been a major roadblock in producing fuel-grade ethanol. However,

keeping in mind the government mandate and the demand it will create

 The government has mandated 5% ethanol-doping in nine states, which has not
been met due to supply shortage.

 The cost of production of ethanol from molasses hovers around Rs 17 per liter.
The Biodiesel Industry
 Jatropha is the preferred feedstock for production of biodiesel in India.

 This is because it is non-edible and has a smaller gestation period of two to

three years, compared to other plants.

 The largest of plantations have happened only in the last two to three years. So
you can expect sizable yields by 2010-11.

 An advantage with biodiesel is that it can be used in stationary engines directly.

 It can also prove to be very useful for agricultural purposes, where a lot of
stationary engines are used for producing energy.

 For a small biodiesel plant, producing 500 liters, the investment could be as
little as Rs 50 lakh. The cost of production per liter is somewhere around Rs 24
to 30, depending on the plantation density and logistics
Biofuels from Algae
 Algae as a source of biodiesel looks promising according to experts .

 Reasons

 Firstly, one of the nutrients for algal production is carbon dioxide. Therefore,
producing biofuel from algae will help reduce carbon emission.

 Secondly, India has a very long coast line, which can be beneficial is growing
marine algae on a large scale. Some countries like Holland, US and Australia,
have already started pilot projects.
Projected Demand for Petrol and
Diesel, and Biofuel Requirements
Year Petrol Ethanol Diesel Biodiesel
demand blending deman blending
requireme requirem
(Mt) d
nt ent
(in metric (Mt) (in
tons) metric
tons)

@5% @ @ @5 @ @
10% 20% % 10% 20%
2006- 10.07 0.5 1.01 2.01 52.32 2.62 5.23 10.46
07

2011- 12.85 0.64 1.29 2.57 66.91 3.35 6.69 13.38

12

2016- 16.4 0.82 1.64 3.28 83.58 4.18 8.36 16.72

17
Global Market Survey
Global market perspective
 In the year 2007, there were only 20 oil producing nations supplying the needs of
over 200 nations.

 By the year 2020, more than 200 nations will become biodiesel producing
nations and suppliers.

 The world is entering a new era of participation by emerging market nations in

global green energy production for transport fuels.

 Conclusion from above analysis

The biodiesel industry is entering a new era of transition to alternative
feedstocks, emerging technologies, and revised government policies favoring
sustainable feedstocks and fuels.

Each of these transitions offers considerable challenges and growth

opportunities for biodiesel developers, producers, feedstock producers, and
entrepreneurs.
Cost and Return Scenario

 Aim – 60000 tons Income Rs in

Biodiesel Plant “crores”
 Plant Size – 60,000 60,000 tons biodiesel
216.56
tons biodiesel output @ Rs 36094/ton

per year. 7500 tons 80%

glycerine @ Rs 21.93
29250/ton

Undetermined
amount of free fatty
acids sold as
livestock feed.
Total Income
238.78
Cost and Return Scenario….contd

 Vegetable oil price = €520 per ton

=Rs 30420 Expenses Rs in
“crores”
Methanol price = €265 per ton=Rs 15502
60,900 tons vegetable oil
@ Rs 30420/ton 185.25
1 euro = 1.17 US dollars
6,000 tons methanol Rs
15502/ton 9.39
 Profit =14.92 crores
Undetermined amount of
NaOH included in
variable costs.
Undetermined amount of
HCl included in variable
costs.
Rs 175.55 cr investment
amortized over 10 years 9.94
at 10 percent interest.
Variable Costs Equal to
Fixed Costs 9.94
Total Cost 223.86
 Operational Process
CHEMISTRY BEHIND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

 NaOH
Methanol + Vegetable Oil → Methyl Ester + Glycerine + free fatty acid +
waste
100 parts 1015 parts 1000 part 100 parts

 OPERATIONAL PROCESS TO BE OPTED

 Ultrasonication increases the chemical reaction speed and yield of the

transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats into biodiesel. This allows
changing the production from batch processing to continuous flow processing
and it reduces investment and operational costs
Biodiesel production by Ultrasonification Process

 the vegetable oil or animal fat is being mixed

with the methanol (which makes methyl
esters) or ethanol (for ethyl esters) and
sodium or potassium methoxide or hydroxide

 the mix is heated, e.g. to temperatures

between 45 and 65degC
 the heated mix is being sonicated inline

 glycerin is separated from the biodiesel

 the converted biodiesel is washed with water

Flow Rate Required Power

200 to 750L/hr 1kW, e.g. UIP1000

800 to 3000L/hr 4kW, e.g. 4xUIP1000

3 to 12m³/hr 16kW, e.g. 4xUIP4000

20 to 70m³/hr 96kW, e.g. 6xUIP16000

200 to 700m³/hr 992kW, e.g. 62xUIP16000

 Status of biodiesel in India(Jatropha) & Conclusion….

 81hectare land has been finalized at gujrat for cultivation of jatropha.

 M/s DAIMLERCHRYSLER is working on Biodiesel powered car has already

taken over west land at gujrat and orissa for cultivation of jatropha and future
projects for development of biodiesel as an alternate fuel in India

 It will also result in production of 0.4 million tons of technical grade glycerol as a
byproduct

 The use of biomass fuels can therefore contribute to waste management as well
as fuel security and help to prevent global warming, though alone they are not a
comprehensive solution to these problems.

 Considering the above points it can be concluded that biofuel has to be the
alternative fuel for VISION 2020 FOSSIL FUEL FREE INDIA.
Thank you