Types of Engines

Types of Engines

Types of Engines :- The engine is a device that converts the heat

energy of fuel into mechanical energy. The engines are mostly
used in the automobile industry. Different kinds of engines are
available based on our requirements.

Different Types of Engines

The major distinction between engines is 1) Internal Combustion
Engine 2) External Combustion Engine.

A) Internal Combustion Engine

As the name suggests that in an Internal Combustion Engine
combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. The most
common type of IC Engine is the four-stroke engine which has
four different steps.

1. Injection of fuel and oxidizer (Air) mixer inside the engine.

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 2. Compression of Mixer.
3. Ignition of Fuel mixer by a spark.
4. Rejection of exhaust.

In this engine, fuel enters inside the combustion chamber and the
piston compresses it. Due to compression and spark ignition, high
pressure and temperature impart on the piston which is used to
rotate crank which is connected to the piston via a connecting
rod.

B) External Combustion Engine

As the name suggests that in an External Combustion Engine
combustion of fuel takes place outside the Engine.  Here the extra
heat is utilized to produce low-pressure steam which is used in
the turbine to produce electricity. Here the fuel is burnt outside
the engine so we can also use solid fuel.

Now let’s talk about different types of engines based on

different criteria:

C) Based on Design:
1. Reciprocating Engine (Piston Engine): ( Types
of Engines )

In this type of engine piston-cylinder assembly is given. Piston

moves to and for inside the cylinder. This is the most common
type of engine used in the automobile industry.

2. Rotary Engine (Wankel Engine): ( Types of

Engines )

Rotary Engine : In this type of engine instead of the piston there

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 is a rotor that rotates the wheel of the vehicle. It is invented in
1957 but is currently not used by people. The pressure generated
by fuel combustion is imparted on the rotor.

D) Based on the Number of Strokes:

1. Four Strokes Engine: ( Types of Engines )

Four Strokes Engine : In this engine, the piston moves two times
up and down and the crank rotates two times per single fuel
combustion. This is a very efficient type of engine. It is used in
bikes, cars, etc.

2. Two Strokes Engines: ( Types of Engines )

Two Strokes Engines : In these engines, the piston moves only

once up and down. The crank rotates only once per single fuel
combustion.

E) Based on Fuel Used:

1. Diesel Engine: Uses Diesel as fuel. Ex. Bus, Truck, etc.
2. Petrol Engine: Uses Petrol as fuel. Ex. Car, Bike, etc.
3. Gas Engine: Uses LPG or CNG gas as fuel. Ex. Auto, etc.
4. Electric Engine: Uses electric energy to rotate the crank. Ex.
Car.

F) Based on the Method of Ignition:

1. Compression-Ignition Engine: ( Types of
Engines )

Here no extra equipment is used to ignite the fuel. Due to

compression of fuel temperature increases which causes ignition
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 of fuel.

2. Spark-Ignition Engine: ( Types of Engines )

Here to ignite fuel we use a spark plug. Due to this, it is called a

spark-ignition engine.

G) Based on the Number of cylinders:

1. Single-cylinder engine: ( Types of Engines )

Here we use only one the cylinder and piston assembly that is
connected to the crank.

2. Multi-cylinder engine: ( Types of Engines )

Here we use more than two cylinders and a piston assembly and
that is connected to the crank. The figure is shown below.

H) Based on the Arrangement of cylinders:

1. In-line Engine: Here cylinders are arranged in a single line
along with the crankshaft.
2. V-type Engine: Here cylinders are put at an angle along with
the crankshaft.
3. Opposed cylinder engine: Here cylinders are at an angle of
180o. Same as V-type but and 180o angle.
4. W-type Engine: Here cylinders are the same as V-type but it
has three cylinders pr single crankshaft.
5. Radial Engine: Here cylinders are all around the shaft as
shown in the figure.
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