SMJE 2103

DC Motors
DC Motor
Discussion topics:
1. Basic structure
2. Field circuit connections
3. Equivalent circuit
4. Induced torque
5. Terminal characteristics
6. Speed


DC Motor
- basic structure -
DC Motor
- field circuit connections -
shunt compound
Separate excitation
series
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit -
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit (separate)-
Separate
power supply
for field circuit
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit (shunt)-
Power supply for
field circuit
directly from
terminal
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit (series)-
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit (compound)-
long-shunt connection
DC Motor
- equivalent circuit (compound)-
Short-shunt connection
DC Motor
- induced torque (series)-
As the load increases, its flux increases and
proportional to armature current.
So, the motor decreases in speed.
A series dc motor has sharply drooping
torque-speed characteristic.
The application requiring very high torque,
such starter motor in cars, elevator motor etc.
DC Motor
- induced torque (compound)-
It has a component of flux in constant.
Also, another component in proportional to its
armature current.
So, higher starting torque than a shunt and
lower than a series motors.
DC Motor
- induced torque (compound)-
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (separate/shunt)-
A plot of the machines output quantities
between torque and speed.
Load increase, load torque
load
will exceed
induced torque
ind
, the motor will start slow
down.
Internal generated voltage drops,
Armature current will increase,
Induced torque increases and equal to load
torque,
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (separate/shunt)-
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (separate/shunt)-
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (series)-
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (series)-
DC Motor
- terminal characteristics (compound)-
DC Motor
- speed (shunt) -
Two common methods:
1. Adjusting the filed resistance R
F
, then field
flux.
2. Adjusting the terminal voltage applied to the
armature.
Less common method:
1. Inserting a resistor in series with the
armature circuit.

DC Motor
- speed (shunt) -
R
F
changing
Voltage changing
DC Motor
- speed (shunt) -
DC Motor
- speed (series) -
The way how to change the speed of dc
motor.
By changing the terminal voltage of the motor.
If terminal voltage is increased, the speed will
increase for any given torque.
DC Motor
- speed (compound) -
Same as for a shunt motor