Exploring and Colonizing

North America
Spain, France, and
England
Essential Question: What are
the similarities & differences
among the Spanish, French, &
British patterns of colonization in
North America?
America Prior to the
Arrival of Europeans
Early Human Migrations
1
st
Migration, 38,000-1800 BCE
2
nd
Migration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE
3
rd
Migration, c. 8,000-3,000 BCE

Eastern Woodland Cultures
Along the Atlantic Coast of North
America, Native Americans lived
in smaller, mobile bands:
Farming was supplemented by
hunting and gathering
Eastern woodland Indians were
likely the first natives to be
encountered by English settlers

Locations of Major Indian Groups
and Culture Areas in the 1600s
When Worlds Collide
What was the impact of Spanish,
French, and English settlement in
North America on Native Americans?
Voyages of European Exploration

Political: Become a world power through
gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
Economic: Search for new trade routes
with direct access to Asian/African luxury
goods would enrich individuals and their
nations (GOLD)
Religious: spread Christianity and
weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)
The 3 motives reinforce each other
Exploration:
Direct Causes = 3 Gs
European
explore
EFFECTS
Europeans reach and settle Americas
Expanded knowledge of world geography
Growth of trade, mercantilism and
capitalism
Indian conflicts over land and impact of
disease on Indian populations
Introduction of the institution of slavery
Columbian Exchange
* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes
* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine
* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO
* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis
* Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice
* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley
* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats
* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE
* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox
* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria
* Diptheria * Whooping Cough
Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods
involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa
Old World to New World New World to Old World
Diseases
Smallpox, Measles, Chicken Pox
Malaria, Yellow Fever,
Influenza, The Common Cold
Syphilis
Animals
Horses, Cattle, Pigs, Sheep
Goats, Chickens
Turkeys, Llamas, Alpacas, Guinea Pigs
Plants
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Coffee
Sugarcane
Bananas
Melons
Olives
Dandelions
Daisies
Clover
Ragweed
Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize)
Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)
Tobacco
Peanuts
Squash
Peppers
Tomatoes
Pumpkins
Pineapples
Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Papayas
Guavas
Avocados
The Spanish Colonies
in America
Started in Caribbean, then Central and South
Americamost important was conquest of
Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro
(1531)
First permanent colonies in what will become
United States are founded by Spain
St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to
protect Spanish treasure fleets

Georgia
A World Transformed
Native Americans were eager for
European trade; they were not
initially victims of Spanish
exploration
They became dependent on and
indebted to Europeans
Disease decimated perhaps 95%
of Native American population
Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization
Explorers
Permanent
Settlers
European
Colonial
Empire
From Plunder to Settlement
By 1650, 1/2 million Spaniards
immigrated to the New World
Mostly unmarried males came to
New World; intermarriage led to
mixed-blood mestizos & mulattos
Distinguished between social
classes: peninsulares & creoles
The Spanish govt operated
strict control over the colonies
Whites from Spain
Whites born in America
Spanish Conquests & Colonies

Spanish missionaries focused
heavily on converting Native
Americans & establishing missions
The Spanish used the encomienda system to
create large cash crop plantations using
Native American & African slave labor
The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Spanish
ancestory
Creoles
Spanish and
Black
mixture.
Mestizos
Spanish
and Indian
mixture
Mulattos
White
American
and Black
mixture
Native Indians
Black Slaves
What type of relationship existed
between the Spanish and the Native
Americans living in N.Am?
Native people learned about new tools,
grow food, raise sheep
Many converted to Catholicism
Spanish learned new farming techniques
Harsh treatment of Native Americans for
slave labor
Beating of those who did not convert
Disease, death
Rebellion
Spanish Settlements in Georgia
From 1578 to 1583 the Spanish Catholics
built two separate chains of missions.
One led from San Augustin north along
the Atlantic coast, into present day
coastal Georgia. The Guale tribes were
temporarily subdued near what is St.
Catherines Island today.
In 1597 the Franciscans in Guale
interfered with the mission Indians once
too often and they rebelled. The missions
along coastal Georgia were destroyed and
most of the friars murdered before
soldiers stopped the uprising by 1601.
Although the Yamasees and Lower
Creeks sought Spanish protection in the
following years, and Spanish Indians
continued to harass English settlers along
the southern frontier, Spain's plans for
hegemony in the Southeast disappeared
along with the missions.
More info on Spanish missions in
Georgia HERE!
Spanish empire by
the 1600s
consisted of
Southern part of
North America
Central America
Caribbean Islands
Most of outer
South America
The French Colonies
in America
French settle Quebec
(1608) & Montreal
(1642) and what would
become Canada
Control St.
Lawrence River &
access to interior of
North America
Develop a fur trade
The French Claim Canada
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain
founded Quebec; French Empire
eventually included St. Lawrence
River, Great Lakes, Mississippi R.
The French govt strictly controlled
the colonies but made little effort to
encourage settlement
Because the fur trade was the
basis of their colonial economy,
Indians became valued trading
partners (not exploitive like Spain)
What was the relationship between
the French and Native Americans
living in North America?
Business partners
Friendly
Huron (in Canada) were close allies
Enemies with Iroquois (on East coast
with British colonies)
Diseases killed many

Like Spain, the French govt
encouraged converting Native
Americans & establishing missions
The English Colonies
in America
English settlements
Cabot & New Foundland 1582
Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to
colonize off the coast of North
Carolina in 1585.
Establishes the colony of
Roanoke
Second attempt in 1585 with 150
men and women

Lost Colony of Roanoke
Spanish Armada delays supply
until 1590
No settlers found but buildings
are standing
CROATOAN written on fence
post.
Unsolved mystery
What was life like in Jamestown?
Difficult
Swamp area with disease
carrying mosquitoes
Laziness from settlers
John Smith took over during the
starving time
Native Americans refuse to trade
during this time

The English Colonies
In the 1600s, English settlers
arrived in North America
English colonization differed
from Spanish & French because
the English govt had no desire
to create a centralized empire in
the New World
Different motivations by English
settlers led to different types of
colonies
Migrating to the English Colonies
17
th
century England faced major
social changes:
The most significant was a
boom in population; Competition
for land, food, jobs led to a large
mobile population (vagrants?)
People had choices: could move
to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or
America (but this was most
expensive & dangerous)
Migrating to the English Colonies
Motives for migration to America:
Religious: purer form of worship
Economic: Escape poverty or
the threat of lifelong poverty
Personal: to escape bad
marriages or jail terms
Migration to America was
facilitated by the English Civil War
& Glorious Revolution
The Stuart Monarchs
Fort King George
First British garrison of the Georgia
colony, is located in Darien, at the
mouth of the Altamaha River.
Established in 1721 to 1732 as the
southernmost outpost of British
North America.
Protected Carolina colony against
Spanish and French as well as
possible attacks by the hostile
Guale Indians.
Poor living conditions and a fire
that destroyed the fort in 1726 led to
its disbandment.
From New Georgia Encyclopedia Fort King George, http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2481
Click HERE for a more
complete story of Ft.
King George!

Types of Colonial
Settlements
Three types of colonial settlements

Trading Post
Colony
Plantation
Colony
Settler colony
Used to trade items
For example, French fur
traders

Grow and sell cash
crops, such as rice,
indigo, tobacco,
Settlers establish new towns and
settlements, but linked to their
mother country by trade and
government.


Did not require a lot of
money.

Required more
money to maintain
and build.
Required more money to build the
towns and settlements.
More difficult to protect.
Set up along a water trade
route.

Easier to protect Easy to protect
Set up along a water trade
route.
Set up on large
areas of land.
Set up along the water for
irrigation use and trade.
European colonization in
North America
Spain France England
Plantation colonies in
the Caribbean, Florida,
and Mexico.

Spanish missions
converted Indians to
Christianity by force,
and governed the
colonial settlements.

Georgias coastal
barrier islands served
as sites of Spanish
missions.
Trading post colonies in
St. Lawrence, Great
Lakes, and Mississippi
regions.

Port of New Orleans
controlled trade in the
Gulf of Mexico,
threatening Spanish
shipping in the area.

Fur traders expanded
networks throughout all
of the Southeastern
tribes.
Plantation colonies in
Southern English
colonies.

Settler colonies
Jamestown based at
first on trading, then
later became known as
a religious settlement.

Fort King George at
Darien, GA was
southern-most outpost
to protect Charlestown,
South Carolina from
Spanish attacks.
By the early 1600s, Spain, England, & France
had large territorial claims in North America
(but these colonies were not heavily populated,
especially in Spanish & French claims)
These colonial claims came largely
at the expense of the Native
Americans already living there
Colonies in North America
Spanish Colonies
French colonies English colonies
Mexico, present day Florida,
South western part of South
America
Inland part of North America
and the St. Lawrence river.
They set up a variety of
colonies in Canada and along
the coast of the Atlantic
Ocean.
Controlled their colonies with
viceroys.
Controlled their colonies
loosely. Few settlers moved to
New France, because it was
so rocky, and the temperature
was so cold.
Built for profit and others built
them for religious freedom.

England sent governors to rule
over their colonies.
Use of Native American labor
to work on the large farms.
French got along better with
the Native Americans than any
other European country.
English settlers pushed Native
Americans off their land.
Treated the Native American
harshly.
Fur traders England and Spain were the
two main powers in the
Americas.
Harsh treatment of the Native
Americans, Europeans
diseases claimed their lives
Live among the Native
Americans and respected their
culture.
Did not want to convert the
Native Americans, they just
wanted their land.
Use of African slaves. Focused on Christianity. Touted religious freedom
Spanish, French, & English
Colonial Patterns?
Answer the following essential question:
What were the advantages &
disadvantages of Spanish, French, &
English colonial patterns in terms of
long-term colonization in America?
Create a chart with your ideas.
Submit your chart in the 2.B Dropbox.
Advantages
for long-term
colonization
Disadvantages
for long-term
colonization

Spain

France

England