MODERN ERA: DE STIJL, BAUHAUS

Session 9
Course : W0512 | History of Interior Design and Culture
Year : 2012/2013
20
th
CENTURY | EARLY MODERN
The beginning of the 20
th
Century began
with the emerged of various style in Europe
in between 1900-1945, among others were
Wiener Werkstatte, De Stijl, Bauhaus,
International Style and Art Deco
3
Wiener Werkstate (Vienna Seccession) was a style
developed from Art Nouveau developed in Austria.

This movement were applying Art Nouveau principals
in the search of modern aesthetic values, eliminated
the boundaries between fine art and applied art as well
as increasing the public tastes

Similar with Art Nouveau, this movement was heavily
influenced by the British Arts and Crafts
WIENER WERKSTATTE | 1903-1932
4
WIENER WERKSTATTE | interior
5
WIENER WERKSTATTE | furniture
6
In Holland, a group of young artist
formed a new movement in 1917 and
began publishing a magazine, calling
both movement and magazine De Stijl
(The Style). The magazine circulated until
1928

The group of artists running the
magazine were : Piet Mondrian, Theo
van Doesburg dan Gerrit Rietveld.
DE STIJL | 1917-1930
Piet Mondrian, Composition with
Red, Blue & Yellow, 1921
7
Influenced by Cubism movement, these artists and designer
wanted renewal that gave strong boundaries and orders. Their
concept was decreasing shapes to only vertical and horizontal and
lessen the use of color to only primary colors (red, yellow, blue)
black and white, towards simple abstraction which were simple
and pure.

The goal was universal beauty to meet the needs through mass
production and the spiritual goal was world peace

The style was first developed in paintings and graphic design, but
later inspired architect and interior designer as well as furniture
design with Gerrit Rietvield as the main figure
DE STIJL | definition
8
Theo van Doesburg, Caf
lAubette, Strasbourg,
France, 1926-1928
9
DE STIJL | interior
Gerrit Rietveld | The Schroder
House, Utrecht |1923-24
DE STIJL | interior
10
Gerrit Rietveld
|The Schroder House, Utrecht
|1923-24
Gerrit Rietveld
|Red Blue Chair
|1918
DE STIJL | architecture & furniture
11
The word Bauhaus means House of
Structure. This group pioneered by Walter
Gropius

In 1919, Walter Gropius was appointed the
director of the Weimar School of Arts and
Crafts in Germany, founded in 1906.

Under Gropius the school was renamed Das
Staatliche Bauhaus (roughly translated as
State School of Building) and referred to as
Bauhaus


Joost Schmidt |Poster for Bauhaus
Exhibition at Weimar|1923
BAUHAUS | 1919-1930
12
Bauhaus tried to combined architecture,
art, craft and design suitable to industrial
demand. Until now the Bauhaus
curriculum still used and applied in art and
design school and institution worldwide.

In 1925, Bauhaus was forced to move to
north Dessau. Here Gropius designed a
building which expressed the schools
goals. In 1933, the Nazis closed the school
for good



Then moved again to Berlin in 1932-19
Pindah lagi ke Berlin 1932-1933 dan akhirnya
karena gejolak politik yang kuat, pindah ke
Chicago, Amerika pada 1937-1938.

Setelah itu kembali ke Dessau

Walter Gropius |Bauhaus Workshop Wing,
Dessau |1925-26
BAUHAUS | background
13
Form follow Function became the main
principal. Strong, simple and firm shapes in
relation with function were the dominant
concepts in design. New materials were also
explored in this institution

The design styles Bauhaus later on developed
and favored worldwide under the name of
International Style

BAUHAUS | ideas and influences
14
Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Weimar, Germany, 1923
(left) Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Chair, 1929 (right) Mies van der Rohe, Bruno Chair, 1929 - 1930

15
BAUHAUS | furniture
(left) Marcel Breuer, Tubular Chair/Wassily Chair, 1925 (right) Marcel Breuer, Cesca Chair, 1925

16
BAUHAUS | furniture
REFERENCES
Bina Nusantara University 17
mitchtempparch.blogspot.com
John Pile. (2009). A History of Interior Design (3
rd
ed). Wiley & Sons. New
Jersey. ISBN: 9780470228883. Chapter 16, pp. 323-347


Judith Miller. (2011). Furniture: World Styles from Classical to Contemporary.
DK. London. ISBN: 9781405358002, pp. 418-431

The Schroder House (1924), Utrecht, Netherlands:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kf8WdLNuTj0&feature=related