Drugs used in general opd-2

Presenter: Shubhi Gupta

Guide : Dr.Manu
CETIRIZINE
It is a metabolite of hydroxyzine with marked
affinity for H1 receptors.
It is a second generation antihistaminic.

Indications-
1.allergic disorders
2.insect bite and ivy poisoning
3.pruritis
4.common cold
5.pollinosis
6.adjuant in seasonal asthma
7.Urticaria
8.Atopic dermatitis

SIDE EFFECTS:
It penetrates brain poorly,but subjective
somnolence has been experienced at higher
doses.


Dryness of mouth, nose and
throat,drowsiness,urinary retention,blurring
of vision and headaches are commonly
reported.

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION:
Oral(tablet,syrup)


METRONIDAZOLE
It is the nitroimidazole antibiotic medication
used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and
protozoa.

INDICATIONS:
1.Amoebiasis
2.giardiasis
3.trichomonas vaginalis
4.anaerobic bacterial infections
5.pseudomembranous enterocolitis
6.ulcerative gingivitis,trench mouth
7.helicobacter pylori gastritis/peptic ulcer

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Anorexia,nausea,metallic taste and abdominal
cramps are the most common.

Prolonged administration may cause
peripheral neuropathy and cns effects.
Thrombophlebitis of the injected vein occurs if
the solution is not well diluted.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Metronidazole is contraindicated in
neurological disease, blood dyscriasis,first
trimester of pregnancy and chronic alcoholism
DOSAGE:
For mild intestinal ds- 400mg tds for 5-7 days
For invasive dysentery and liver abscess-
800mg tds for 7-10 days
Pid- 400mg bd for 14 days

SALBUTAMOL
It is a highly selective beta 2 agonist

USES:
It is used to abort and terminate attacks of
asthma, but is not suitable for round the clock
prophylaxis.



SIDE EFFECTS:
Muscle tremors are the dose related side
effects.
Palpitations,restlessness,nervousness,throat
irritation and ankle edema can also occur.

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION:
Tablet,syrup,mdi,rota caps
DOSE: 100-200 Micro gram by inhalation
DICLOFENAC
It is an aryl acetic acid derivative.
It has an analgesic antipyretic and an
inflammatory action.
It inhibits PG synthesis and is a non selective
COX inhibitor.
The antiplatelet action is short lasting.
Neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide
production at the inflammatory site are
reduced
USES:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ostoarthritis
Bursitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Tooth ache
Dysmenorrhoea

DOSE:
50 mg tds, 75mg deep i.m

ADVERSE EFFECTS: epigastric pain,nausea,
headache, dizziness,rashes. Gastric ulceration
and bleeding are less common.
FLUCONAZOLE
It is a triazole with high water solubility, good
csf penetration and having a wider range of
activity than ketoconazole.

USES:
Vaginal candidiasis
Cryptococcal meningitis
Tinea infections


Fungal meningitis
Fungal keratitis

SIDE EFFECTS:
Nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain,rashes and
headache.
Elevation of hepatic transaminase has been
Noted.

DOSE: 150 mg oral dose for vaginal candidiasis
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION:
Oral, eye drops, i.v
PERMETHRIN
It is a broad spectrum and potent pyrethroid
insecticide, currently the most efficaceous
and most convenient drug for both scabies
and lice.
It causes neurological paralysis in insects,
probably by delaying depolarization.
Nearly 100% cure rates have been obtained in
scabies and pediculosis.


Single application is needed in most cases.

USES:
5% cream apply all over the body except face
and head. Wash after 8 to 12 hrs. (for scabies)
1% lotion massage about 30g into the scalp,
washoff after 10 min(for lice)


SIDE EFFECTS:
Few pts may experience mild and transient
burning , itching, tingling, erythema or rash.
CHLORPHENAMINE
It is a 1
st
gen antihistaminic.

USES:
1. Prevention of symptoms of allergic
conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria.
2. decongestant
3. cough and uri in children 6yrs and older and
in adults
SIDE EFFECTS:
Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, anxiety,
nausea, blurred vision and restlessness.

DOSE:0.1 mg/kg i.m, oral 2-4mg
BETADINE
It is an iodophore which is a soluble complex
of iodine with large molecular organic
compound that serve as carriers- release free
iodine slowly.
It is non irritating ,non toxic ,non staining and
exerts prolonged germicidal action.
Treated areas can be bandaged or occluded
without risk of blistering.

USES:
It is used on boils, furunculosis, burns, otitis
externa, ulcers, tinea,
monilial/trichomonal/nonspecific vaginitis and
for surgical scrubbing, disinfection of
endoscopes and instruments.

DOSE:5% solution

ACYCLOVIR
This deoxiguanosine analogue antiviral drug
requires a virus specific enzyme for conversion
to active metabolite that inhibits DNA
synthesis and viral application.
Acyclovir is active only against herpes group of
viruses: H.simplex type1 is most sensitive
followed by H.simlex type2 > varicella zoster
virus=epstein barr virus, while cmv is
Practically not affected.

USES:
Genital herpes simplex
Mucocutaneous H. Simlex
H. Simplex encephalitis(type 1 virus)
H. Simlex (type 1) keratitis

Herpes zoster
Chicken pox
Herpetic genital ulcer

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Topical: stinging and burning sensation after each
application.
Oral: the drugs is well tolerated; headache;
nausea, malaise and some cns effects are
Reported.
i.v: rashes,sweating,emesis and fall in bp occur
only in few pts.
Dose dependent decrease in gfr is the most
important toxicity; occurs especially in those
with kidney disease; normalises on
discontinuation of the drug.
No teratogenic potential has been noted.
DOSE: 200 mg tab, 250 mg/vial for i.v inj
Genital herpetic ulcer: 400 mg tds for 7 days
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