DRUGS IN OPHTHALMIC PRACTICES

DEFINITION
They are the specialized dosage forms designed to be instilled into the external surface of the
eye(topical), administered inside (intraocular), or adjacent(periocular) to the eye or used in
conjunction with an ophthalmic device.

MODES OF ADMINISTRATION
Topical Drop, Ointment, Gel, Soft contact lens.
Periocular Subconj, Subtenon, , Peribulbar, Retrobulbar
Intraocular Intracameral, Intravitreal
Systemic Oral, Intravenous, Intramuscular

FORMS
1. Solution and suspension

• Most commonly used

• Advantages - Easily instilled, Less interfere to vision, Fewer potential complication.

• Disadvantages - Short ocular contact time, Frequent contamination, possibility of

ocular injury with dropper tip.

• Suspension must be re-suspended by shaking.

2. Gel
• Consist of petrolatum and mineral oil
• Increase contact time
• Disturb vision

3. Oinments
• Polymer-based aqueous gels
• Drug release occurs by diffusion and by erosion of the gel surface
COMMONLY USED DRUGS
1. Anesthesia
Topical:
• Cornea cunjunctiva.
• For fb removal , iop measurement
• Irritate 15 sec, duration 15 min
Local:
• Including akinesia( loss of ability to move your muscles voluntarily)
• For surgery
• Complications : overdose, respiratory distress, seizure
2. mydriatics
“type of medicine that make the pupil of the eye dilate“
• Retinal examination and surgery
• Stimulate dialator muscle.
• Eg :
• Atropin sulphate
• Cyclopentolate hcl
• Tropicamide
• Phenylephrin hcl
3. Antibiotics
• Antibacterial
• Antifungal
• Antiviral
• Anti parasitic
• Common : combination of polymyxin b , gramicidin, neomycin
4. Cortico steroids
• Anti inflammation
• Suppress immune system and tissue reaction.
• As precaution in treatment of infection especially viral and fungal
• Eg: Dexamethazon, Prednisolone acetate, Fluorometholone
• Side effects : Glaucoma, cataract, ptosis(upper eyelid droops over the eye), scleral
melting
5. Artificial tear

• As a Suppliment

• Increase contact time

• For dry eye, contact lens wearer

GIREESAN M K | 2020UG | AMRITA SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA