BY : Dr.Sumihar M.R.

Pasaribu

Departement of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry
Medicine Faculty University of Methodist
Indonesia
KOMMUNICATION
BETWEEN CELLS AND TISSUE
IN THE BODY
To undestand:
The nature of cellular communication
Tissue receptor and mechanisms of
signal tranduction
Disorder of signal transduction system
The survival of multicellular organisms
depends on their ability to integrate and
coordinate differentiated cell function to
maintain homeostasis.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF SIGNAL MOLECULES
UTILIZED FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
CELLS AND TISSUE
1. HORMONES
2. NEURTRANSMITER
3. LOCAL MEDIATOR
SUBDIVISION OF SIGNAL MOLECULES
ACCORDING TO RELATION BETWEEN THE
PRODUCTION SITE AND THE TARGET SITES
SIGNAL MOLECULES CAN BE SUB DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS,
AUTOCRINE : Molecules released from certain cells influence the
behaviour of the same cells.
( SOME GROWTH FACTOR ,EICOSANOIDS)
PARACRINE : The signalling molecules released from certain cells
influence the activity of target cells that lie very close to them
(NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND NEUROHORMONES)
ENDOCRINE: molecules released from the endocrine glands are
transported to distant target tissue for activity.
SUB DIVISION OF SIGNAL MOLECULES
ACCORDING TO THEIR CHEMICAL NATURE
CHEMICALLY ,SIGNAL MOLECULES CAN BE GROUPED
INTO FOUR MAJOR CALSSES:
1. AMINO ACIDS OR THEIR DERIVATES
1. CATECOLAMINE
2. TIROID HORMONE
3. BEBERAPA NEUROTRANSMITER
2. PEPTIDES
1. FROM PANCREAS AND GUT
3. STEROIDAL COMPOUND
1. SEX HORMONES
4. FATTY ACID DERIVATES
1. EICOSANOID

ALL RECEPTOR TO WHICH SIGNAL
MOLECULES BIND ARE PROTEIN
HAVE AT LEAST TWO FUNCTIONAL
DOMAIN-ONE TO RECOGNISES AND BINDS
TO THE SIGNAL MOLECULE,ANOTHER
THAT INITIATES A RESPONSE(SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION)
SOME CELLS HAVE MORE THAN ONE
RECEPTOR TYPE FOR THE SAME LIGAND
SPEED AND DURATION OF
RESPONSE TO RECEPTOR
MEDIATES SIGNALS
FEW MILLISECONDS OR BE SUSTAINED
FOR SEVERAL HOURS OR DAY
RAPID RESPONSES ARE REQURIED FOR
CHANGES IN THE RATE OF REACTIONS
INVOLVED IN METABOLIC REGULATION( eq.BY
HORMONES)
SLOW RESPONSES OCCUR WHEN A SIGNAL
MOLECUL ACTS TA THE GENE LEVEL.
HORMONES CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN
SEVERAL WAYS
1. CHEMICAL
2. SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES
3. LOCATION OF RECEPTORS
4. THE NATURE OF SIGNAL USED TO
MEDIATE HORMONAL ACTION
WITHIN THE CELL.
Calassification of Hormones
by mechasnism of action
1. Hormones that bind to intracellular receptor
2. Hormones that bind to cell surface receptors.
1. The second messenger is cAMP
2. The second messenger is cGMP
3. The second messenger is Calcium or
Phospatdylinositol(or Both)
4. The second messenger is a kinase or phospatase
cascade

Calassification of Hormones
by mechasnism of action
Hormones that bind to intracellular
receptor
1. ANDROGEN
2. CALCITRIOL(1,25(OH)
2
3. ESTROGEN
4. GLUCOCORTICOID
5. MINERALOCORTICOIDS
6. PROGESTIN
7. RETINOIC ACID
8. TYHROID HORMONES(T
3
& T
4
)

Hormones that bind to cell surface
receptors
1. The second messenger is cAMP
1. Adregergic Catecolamine
2. -Adregergic Catecholamines
3. ACTH
4. ADH
5. Calcitonin
6. HcG
7. CTRH
8. FSH
9. Glucagon
10. Lipotropin
11. LH
12. Melanocyt Stimulating Hormone
13. Paratyhroid Hormone
14. Somatosttain
15. TSH




2.The second messenger is
cGMP
1. Atrial Natriuretic Factor
2. Nitric oxide
3.The second messenger is Calcium or
Phospatdylinositol(or Both)

1. Acetylcholine (Muscarinic)
2. - adrenergic catecholamines
3. Angiotensin II
4. ADH(vaopressin)
5. Cholecystokinin
6. Gastrin
7. Gonadotropin Releasing hormone(GnRH)
8. Oxitocyn
9. Platelet-derived growth factor
10. Substance P
11. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

4.The second messenger is a kinase or
phospatase cascade

1. Adiponectin
2. Chorionic somatomammotropin
3. Epidermal growth factor
4. Eryhtropoetin
5. Fibroblast growth factor
6. Growth hormones
7. Insulin
8. Insulin-like growth factor I and II
9. Leptin
10. Nerve growth factor
11. Platelet derived growth factor
12. Prolactin
Ringkasaan tipe2 hormon
reseptor pada membran plasma