Presentation

on

Agenda..
Concept of group dynamics
What is group???
Types of group
why people join groups??
Group Structure
Theory of group formation
Stages of group formation
Principles of group dynamics
Features of group dynamics
Conclusion



CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS
It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision, group
productivity, group interaction, group cohesiveness and group
communication.
.Group dynamics contains two terms: group and dynamics.
Group is basically a collectivity of two or more persons.
Dynamics comes from Greek word meaning FORCE.
Thus, Group dynamics is concerned with the interactions of
forces among group members in a social situation.

What is Group???
Two or more people
Shared goals
People see themselves
As members
There is interaction
Among members
Group
Types of group
Group
Formal Informal
Task
Command Interest
Friendship
Why do people Join group??
The people often join groups since the groups give the members a stability and
enhances their achievement capacity. The main reasons to join a group are:
Have a sense of security
Have a status
Develop Self-esteem
Power
Goal achievement
Group structure
Four different aspects of group structure are:
Norms
Roles
Status
Cohesiveness
Group norms
Set of beliefs, feelings, and attitudes commonly shared by
group members. These are also referred to as rules or standards
of behavior that apply to group members. Norms serve three
functions namely


Predictive- basis for understanding
the behaviour of others
Relational- some norms
define relationships
Control- regulate the
behaviour of others
Group norms Characteristics

Represents characteristics of group
Basis for predicting and controlling behaviour of others
Related to behaviours considered important for their grp
They are applied to all memebrs.
Role
-various parts played by group members.

There are two elements that define this role identity-

Role Perception-An individual is expected to behave
according to his own perception in the group.
Role Expectation-It is defined as how others believe one
should behave in a given situation.
Status
Status is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group
members by others. Group members get high status or low status in the
Group based on their authority and performance.
High status members of the group have more freedom to deviate
from the norms. This facility enables them to have the discriminatory
powers in decision making. Low status members of the group should not
have freedom to deviate from the norms as it leads to status inequality.

Group Cohesiveness

COHESION
SOCIAL TASK
the bonds of interpersonal
attraction that link
group members
the way in which skills and
abilities of the group
members mesh to allow
optimal performance
GROUP COHESIVENESS ,
PRODUCTIVITY VS PERFORMANCE

HIGH
PRODUCTIVITY
HIGH LOW
COHESIVENESS
MODERATE
PRODUCTIVITY
LOW
PRODUCTIVITY
MODERATE TO
LOW
PRODUCTIVITY
L
O
W















H
I
G
H

P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E

N
O
R
M
S

Results
Who won, and why?

Did your group act like this Or like this?
Groups with High Cohesiveness Get Better Results!
High Cohesiveness
- Unity
- Interactive
- Positive Feelings
- Ability to Cope with Problems
- More Productive
Low Cohesiveness
- Negative Feelings
- More Problems
- Less Productivy
Importance of High Cohesiveness
STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION


Members
get to know
each other &
set ground
rules




Members
come to
Resist
Control by
group
Leaders &
Show
hostility



Members
Work
Together
developing
Close
Relationships
& feelings of
Cohesiveness


Group
members
work
towards
Getting
their jobs
done




Group
may
disband
either
after
meeting
their goals
or because
members
Leave



Stage I
Forming
Stage II
Storming
Stage III
Norming
Stage IV
Performing
Stage V
Adjourning
PRINCIPLES OF THE GROUP DYNAMICS
1 . The members of the group must have a strong sense of
belonging to the group .The barrier between the leaders and to
be led must be broken down.
2. The more attraction a group is to its members, the greater
influence it would exercise on its members.
3. The grater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of
the member in the eyes of the members , the grater influence
he would exercise on the theme.
Cont
4.The successful efforts to change individuals sub parts of the
group would result in making them confirm to the norms of
the group.
5. The pressures for change when strong can be established in
the group by creating a shared perception by the members for
the need for the change.

FEATURES OF GROUP DYNAMICS

Concerned with group

Changes

Rigidity or flexibility

Continuous process





CONCLUSION:
The groups operate on a common task and common attitudes. The
group dynamics is concerned with the interaction between the group
members in a social situation. This is concerned with the gaining in the
knowledge of the group, how they develop and their effect on the
individual members and the organization in which they function.
The group dynamics is essential to study since it helps to find
how the relationships are made within a group and how the forces act
within the group members in a social setting. This helps to recognize the
formation of group and how a group should be organized, lead and
promoted.
Case study
In 1980 , Richard semler joined SEMCO , founded by his father 27 years
earlier, having 100 employees and manufacturing hydraulic pumps for
ships, producing about $4million in revenue and tottered on the edge of
bankruptcy.
For the next 2 years, top managers constantly sought bank loans and fought
off rumors that the company was about to sink.
They also travelled 4 continents that enabled the company to reduce its
cyclical marine business to 60% of total sales.
Today SEMCO has many factories producing range of products like
marine pumps, digital scanners, commercial dishwashers, truck filters and
mixing equipment for substances ranging from bubble gum to rocket fuel.
Customers include Alcoa,saab,general motors and SEMCO is regarded as
one of the best company in Brazil to work for by press.


The companys survival and ultimate success is due largely to a major change in its
management approach.

SEMCO emphasized on 3 fundamental values- democracy , information , profit
sharing. These values helped in gaining confidence on work groups as a primary
mechanism for managing the company.
After some experimentations SEMCO found that they need 150 employees per
factory and all are divided into 10 member group given a major responsibilities for
outcomes associated with their areas.

Costs rose up because of duplication of effort and lost economies of scale. within a
year sales got doubled ,inventory dropped from126 to 46 days,8 new products
appeared that had been tied up in R&D for 2 years and the product rejection rate at
inspection dropped from 33 to 1% and increased productivity enabled the company
to reduce the workforce by 32& through attrition and early retirement.

At SEMCO once the members of a group agree on a monthly production schedule,
they meet it . At end of the month every body has done their work allotted except
for motors that had not yet arrived, despite repeated phone calls to the supplier.

finally 2 employees went to the suppliers plant and got delivery on the last day of
the month and every one sat for the whole night till mng 4.45 and completed the
assignment ( meat slicers)



Factors contributed to the success
of SEMCOs
work groups have access to important information like Balance Sheet,P&L analysis,
cash flow statements for his or her division every month.

All workers voluntarily attend monthly classes so that they can learn to read and
understand the numbers.

Another factor is that although top level managers are strict about meeting the financial
targets, workers have wide latitude in determining the necessary actions and carrying
them out.

Profit sharing plan, twice a year employees receive about 25% of the after tax profits for
their division.

Employees vote on how to disburse the funds, which are visually distributed equally.

A survey was conducted by college graduates by Brazilian magazine found that 25% of
men and 13% of women cited SEMCO as the company they most wanted to work for.