A SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON
BASIC DRILLING ENGINEERING
BY
SUNDAY BARIMA SIABEE
DE.2008/1211
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM
ENGINEERING
RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY, PORT HARCOURT.
MARCH, 2014

Contents

WHY WE DRILL
PROSPECT SELECTION
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
MODIFICATION IN DRILLING
TYPES OF DRILLING
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF
DRILLING
CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
RIG COMPONENTS
ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING
MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE
WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION

Why We Drill
TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE
TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH
TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

Prospect Selection

In case of Production wells, prospect selection is

identified by the need to maintain or increase
reservoir production
Exploration wells require geological and
geophysical data gathering, processing and
evaluation
Surface geological study
Subsurface mapping
Identification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt
domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses
Seismic Evaluation

Historical Background
1808

PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE

FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL

1859

CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING

1918

WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE

TOOL ( 7386 ft )
ROTARY DRILLING

1930

Modification In Drilling

Cable Tool

BY THE PONDING
ACTION OF THE
DRILLING BITS

Rotary Drilling

BY THE ROATARY
ACTION OF THE
DRILL BITS

Coil Tubing

USED FOR THE

HORIZONTAL &
MULTILATERAL
DRILLING

What are the different Well Locations

in terms of Drilling
Onshore and Offshore

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

HOISTING

DEERICK

DRAW WORKS

BLOCKS

HOOK

ROTATING

ROTARY TABLE
SWIVEL
KELLY

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

CIRCULATING

PUMPS

STAND PIPES

SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT

CONTROLLING

BLOWOUT PREVENTOR

CHOKE SYSTEM

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

DERRICK
The function of a derrick is to
provide vertical clearance to
the raising and lowering of drill
string into and out of borehole
Two type of Derricks
Standard Derricks - it is of
bolted construction and
assembled part by part
Mast a portable derrick, one
capable of being erected as a
unit

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

CROWN BLOCK
The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves)
located at the top of the derrick or mast
over which the drilling line is threaded.

TRAVELLING BLOCK
A pulley (sheave) assembly that
connects the drilling line to the
hook and swivel

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

DRAWWORKS
It is the control center from

which the driller operates the

rig. It contains clutches,
chains and other controls
It houses the drum which
spools drilling line during
hoisting and allows feed off
during drilling

Rig Components (Rotating System)

KELLY
A Kelly is a square or

hexagonal length of pipe

that fits into a bushing in
the rig's rotary table. As
the rotary table turns to the
right, the Kelly turns with it.
The main function of a
Kelly is to transfer energy
from the rotary table to the
rest of the drill string
SWIVEL
It suspends the drill string
and allows rotation at the
same time

RAT HOLE

ROTARY TABLE

KELLY

Rig Components (Rotating System)

DRILL PIPES
Drill pipe furnishes the
necessary length for drill
string and serves as a
conduit for the drilling
fluid

DRILL COLLARS
Provides weight and
stability to the drill bit,
maintain tension on the
drill pipe and help keep
the hole on a straight
course

Rig Components (Rotating System)

HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES

provides additional hole

stability and aids in directional
control
STABILIZERS
centralize the drill collars,
help maintain the hole at fullgauge diameter
JARS
provides sharp upward or
downward impact to free stuck
pipe
REAMERS
helps to maintain a full-gauge
hole diameter
CROSS OVER SUBS
which join components having
different types of connections.

Rig Components (Rotating System)

BITS
Most critical component in rotary
drilling operations. Different types of
bits

Two main type of bits:

Rolling cutter bits - consist of

cutting elements arranged on cones
(usually three cones, but sometimes
two) that rotate on bearings about
their own axis as the drill string turns
the body of the bit. These bits can
have teeth or buttons

Rig Components (Rotating System)

Fixed cutter bits - also
known as drag bits, consist of
stationary cutting elements
that are integral with the body
of the bit and are rotated
directly by the turning of the
drill string. The principal types
of fixed cutter bits are
natural diamond
polycrystalline diamond
compact (PDC)

Circulating System

Rig Components (Circulating System)

MUD PUMPS
Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at

the desired pressure and volume

The pump normally used for this service is
reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex
type

STANDPIPE
A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-

pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel

approximately one-third of the way up the
derrick where it connects to a flexible highpressure hose (Kelly hose)
Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes
so that downtime is kept to a minimum if one
standpipe requires repair

Rig Components (Power System)

PRIME MOVRES
These are used to supply

power to drilling operations.

These can be steam
engines, electric motors,
internal combustion engine
The bulk of rig power is
consumed in two operations
namely circulation of fluid
and hoisting

Rig Components (Controlling System)

BLOWOUT PREVENTER
(BOP)
If the formation pressure is more

than the imposed by drilling fluid, in

this case formation fluids flow into
borehole and eventually to the
surface. This effect is called
blowout
The main function of blowout

preventers is to close the annular

space between the drill pipe and
casing

ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY
DRILLING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
MULTILATERAL DRILLING
COIL TUBING DRILLING

Drilling Hazards

Tools dropped while drilling

Pipe stuck
Increased size of hole
Lost circulation problems
Sloughing shale

What we call a successful Drilling

Operation

Through which we get our desired

results without any accidents.