ADVANCED BUILDING

SERVICES

SUBMITTED BY :-

NIKHIL THAKRANI

ROLL NO. 14

7TH SEM

CONTENTS

COMPARIOSION BETWEEN TRACTION AND

HYDRAULIC LIFT

TRAVLATOR AND ESCALATOR

HYDRAULIC LIFTS
Design and space
needed

TRACTION LIFTS

Smaller space requirement in the shaft

Flexible machine room location

Smaller car due to the considerable space

for the sheave

assembly and counterweight,

A great deal of design freedom for architects

alternatively a larger

shaft cross-section and head

No rooftop structure is required
No constraints on doorways or the shape of

Safety

scope is very restricted

the car
Machine rooms do not need to be in the immediate vicinity of the shaft
Elevator designs can be customised
Emergency evacuation procedures are very
hazardous, simple and completely safe

Much safer when used in earthquake zones

danger from drive

Complicated, and in some respects

emergency evacuation procedures
In an earthquake, the

Performance

Safety during service and repair work, since

components or the counterweight falling
there is no moving counterweight
on the car
Particularly high load ratings
Poor load ratings

Maintenance and

All vertical loads act in the shaft pit only

Modern technology and weight-optimisation
ensure an extremely attractive price/performance ratio
Technically straightforward and familiar prin-

service

height
Architectural design

Heavy wear on traction sheave and ropes

ciple reduces the amount of installation work

Complicated work procedures, and
hazardous in the shaft
working situations
Low-maintenance drive technology
Long repair and
maintenance times
No wear on pulleys and ropes
With manufacturerdependent systems, the opeReplacement parts are seldom needed
rator is locked in for
maintenance and repairs;
Free choice of maintenance companies
independent service
providers are shut out
Replacement parts are less expensive, not
tied to a particular manufacturer, and
available on the open market
Technicians can work on the drive from
outside the shaft. They are consequently
not exposed to any hazard and thus save
time

HYDRAULIC LIFTS

TRACTION LIFTS

ESCALATORS AND TRAVELATORS

ESCALATORS

Escalators can be a useful addition to stairs and lifts where

significant height differences have to be negotiated, but they
cannot be used by people with guide dogs, nor with ease by
elderly and mobility impaired people.
A lift must be provided where escalators are installed.
When stationary, escalators often have to act as stairways.
They should not be too steep, nor have steps too high, for
people to use. The dimensions for steps must be observed .
A clear approach distance is required at the top and bottom of
escalators to ensure that passengers - especially those
leaving escalators - have adequate space at the busiest times
to board and alight safely. This distance may need to be 10m
or more at busy public venues such as railway stations.
The direction of travel and the destination should be clearly
and prominently indicated at the top and bottom of each flight.

ESCALATORS

Indicate the approaches to the top and bottom of escalators

by a change of floor texture to advise blind people, and
provide an audible signal or pre-recorded voice message. Do
not use tactile surfaces specified in 5.6 Tactile paving as these
are for use at fixed hazards, not moving escalators.
Lighting should be provided near to floor level with a visible
change in lighting at the bottom and top of each flight.
Treads should be clearly visible while avoiding glare and
reflection.
Step edges should be clearly defined using a tonal and colour
contrast, e.g. yellow or similar colour.
Moving handrails should be rounded in section and in a colour
which contrasts with the background.
Handrails should have regular contrasting colour patches to
help indicate when they are moving.

TRAVELATORS

Travelators, or moving pavements, may be used when there are

substantial distances between pedestrian entrances and
vehicular access points, for example in an airport terminal.
They are mechanically similar to escalators, may be level or
inclined, and present similar barriers to disabled and elderly
people.
The same principles, tonal contrast entry and exit, moving
handrail and lighting, as for escalators apply.
There must always be an alternative pedestrian route provided.
Staff and wheelchairs should be available on request to assist
people who cannot use the travelators, and for whom the
pedestrian distances are too great unaided.
A free scooter hire service should be considered for large
locations, particularly airport terminals.