CL-508 PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

Parking design for Schools , Colleges and

Institutional Buildings
Prepared By
: Guided by-
Prof. Sameer P. Parmar
Submitted by-
Nidhi B. Patel (CL055)
Sahil C. Patel (CL056)
Smit P. Patel (CL057)
Trusha R. Patel (CL058)

Asst. Prof. Department of Civil Engineering

Dharmasinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, INDIA
Mail: samirddu@gmail.com
WHY BUILD A PARKLET?
• Parklets convert a few on-street parking spaces into public open space and are a cost-effective
way to activate streets, create more vibrant neighborhoods, and promote economic vitality.
Parklets are privately funded and maintained by a hosting organization or business, but serve as
public space that is accessible to all.

• Parklet programs have been created in cities around the world as a way to support community-
driven projects that allow people to use streets differently. These programs support creative
spaces that add “people places” to the public right of way. Parklets also encourage walking and
biking and create more attractive and inviting commercial districts.
• Along with community groups, Seattle businesses are
enthusiastic about adding public space to their blocks.
Parklets can increase foot traffic and add seating
space near local businesses, while still maintaining on-
street parking nearby
General
• Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing
road traffic. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of
less space in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space
especially in areas like Central business district. This affects the mode
choice also. This has a great economical impact. campus provides all
staff and students a place for their working, studying and even living.
Parking is one of the important topics in urban transportation planning
and traffic management. This is true too for the university campus. In
recent years, higher education has developed rapidly, which has led to
a dramatic increase of students educated on campuses and thus severe
shortage of land used for teaching and researching.
General
• For providing students enough space for living and guaranteeing the
land used for teaching and researching, many university employees
who originally lived on the campus are encouraged to move out. They
have to buy private cars used for commuting between their living
places and the campus. Consequently the number of private cars
owned by them has increased notably. In addition, the
communication between universities and communities is much closer
than before because of the system reform currently occurring in this
country. Therefore, how to formulate and manage the campus
transportation system, particularly the parking subsystem, has
attracted much attention in both academic and practical circles.
 Objectives of Parking Design study
• To validate and enrich the existing inventory of parking and
loading/unloading facilities for the whole campus and convert it into a
spatial format
• To assess the present and future parking demand and supply situations
• To review the parking and loading/unloading provision
• To identify the scale of current parking related problems
• To review and enhance the Parking Demand Model
• To recommend new remedial measures and formulate new initiatives
for the improvement of present parking situation
Historical Perception of the Design
Characteristics of Parking Structures
• Utilitarian Function/Minimalist Design
• Vehicle Storage
• Less Architecture to Save Money
• Disrupt Urban Fabric
• Dark and Uninviting Inside
• Passive Security Issues
• Stand-Alone Parking Structures Most Common
• Plain, Rectilinear, Grey
• Building Elements Relate to Vehicle Scale
 The following surveys should be carried out
• Inventory Survey
• Supply Survey
• Demand Survey
• Survey to find out the design vehicle
• Operational aspects of parking
Definition of Some important terms
• Parking Volume: Parking volume is the total number of vehicles
parked at a given duration of time. This does not account for
repetition of vehicles. The individual vehicle entered in the area is
recorded.
• Parking Accumulation: It is defined as the number of vehicles parked
at a given instant of time. Normally this is expressed by accumulation
curve. Accumulation curve is the graph obtained by plotting the
number of bays occupied with respect to time.
• Parking Load Parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It
can also be obtained by simply multiplying the number of vehicles
occupying the parking area at each time interval with the time interval. It is
expressed as vehicle hours.

• Parking Index Parking index is also called occupancy or efficiency. It is

defined as the ratio of number of bays occupied in time duration to the
total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of how effectively the
parking space is utilized. Parking index can be found out as follows:
• Average Parking Duration: It is the ratio of total
vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked.

• Parking Turnover: It is the ratio of number of vehicles

parked in duration to the number of parking bays
available. This can be expressed as number of vehicles
per bay per time duration.
Type of Parking
• On the basis of the style of Parking Areas, there are two major types
of Parking

• 1. On Street Parking

• 2. Off Street Parking

 On Street Parking
• As the name itself suggests, “On-street Parking” means the area
allotted for Parking purpose at the sides of the roads. For efficiency in
Parking system; the On street Parking is divided into two types:
• 1. Angular Parking
• 2. Parallel Parking
• 3. Perpendicular Parking (efficient Parking Method)
 Parallel Parking System
• The vehicles are parked one behind the other. The Parking lot is
designed as per the area required if Parallel Parking is adopted. It has
been surveyed that the area required for Parallel Parking is much
lesser that required for Angular Parking. Therefore, more number of
vehicles can be parked in this Parking System. For this reason, this
Parking system is generally adopted.
Angular Parking

The vehicles are parked at an angle. It may be a 30 degree angle or 45

degree. The vehicles can be easily reversed if parked at an angle.
Hence, proving as an efficient Parking System in case of vehicular
circulation.
Off-Street Parking

Off-street parking means a Parking Area is designed adjacent to the

Road or in a place or building which is not the part of the road. Main
advantage of this parking is to stay for long. It requires walking of
quite large distance to reach destination.
Some of the examples of Off Street Parking

• Parking lots
• Bypass road
• Multistory Building Garage
• Parking Lanes
Car Silos at the Autostadt

Location: Wolfsburg, Germany

Equivalent car space conversion factor
Vehicle Parking slot dimension ECS
Car 5m × 2m 1.0
Two wheeler 2m × 1m 0.2
Bus 15 m× 2.6 m 3.9
HCV 2.4 m× 9 m 2.2
LCV 2m × 5m 1
Cycle 2 m × 0.5 m 0.1
1111 Lincoln Road

Location: Miami
Trends in Parking Design
• Sculptural Design
• Playful Façades
• Public Art
• Parking Structures that Respect Traditional Context
• Screening with Mesh, Glass or “Greenscreen”
• Mixed-Use
• Building Elements Relate to Pedestrian Scale
• Contribute to Urban Fabric
• Pedestrian Connections
• Hidden Parking Structures
• Interior Surprises
Sculptural Design
• The use of terracing the mass of the structure to
create a unique form and possibly mitigate its mass

• The use of shaping elements of the façade in a

sculptural way

• Often still reflects the horizontal nature of a parking

structure
Sculptural Design
• Marina Towers, Chicago, IL
• Circular Plan
• Rhythm of Balconies
Complements Parking Levels
Below
• Open Façade Puts Parked Cars
on Display
Sculptural Design
• Santa Clara County Government Center
• Rounded, Curving “Flying Beams”
• Round Beams and Columns
Playful Facades
• The use of unique elements on the façade that tie the
structure to a particular use

• The use of creating design elements that have a

playful representation
Playful Facades
• Smith Avenue Transit Center, St. Paul, Minnesota
• Contemporary Design that Reflects the Surrounding Sports and Entertainment
Uses
• Dynamic Forms
• Rich Colors
• Varied Depth
of Facade
Traditional Context
• Designing the façade of the parking structure to have
more traditional design proportions
• Base, Middle and Top
• Utilizing traditional window opening proportions
• Utilizing materials that change the scale of the
building
Traditional Context-
Proportion & Scale
Screening
• The use of metal mesh, louvers, glass or other
elements to create a layered affect in front of the
structure
• Utilizing these elements as defining building design
characteristics
• Screening elements hide the layers of the parking
levels behind and break up the massing of the
structure
Mixed Use
• Combining parking and other uses in the same
building
• Parking with retail or commercial space included
• Mixed use developments that integrate the parking
into the entire project vs. building it stand alone
Mixed-Use
• 16th Street Mall Denver, CO
• Mixed Use at Street Level
• Pedestrian Scale Architecture
• Façade Proportions of a Building
as opposed to a Parking Structure
• Minimize Perception
Of Levels