Quarter 4 – Module 2

Data Gathering and Organizing

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to,

1. identify the methods used in gathering data;

2. differentiate sample from population;
3. gather and organize data using the frequency distribution
table.
Lesson 1:
Methods in Gathering Statistical Data
 COLLECTING DATA
The first step in any statistical
work after the formulation of the
problem is the collection of data.
Collection of data is an important part of
Statistics. Data should be collected in a manner
that they are accurate and convenient to use.

Data is a collection of facts or

information. They may be gathered by
using the following methods.
 Methods Used in the Collecting Data
1. Interview Method – this method of collecting
data is an oral or verbal communication where
the interviewer asks questions in any mode (face
to face, telephone, or virtual) to an interviewee.
The person gathering the data is called the
interviewer, while the person supplying the data
is the interviewee.
2. Questionnaire Method – on this method data
is gathered through a set of question that is
mailed or handed to respondents who are
expected to read and understand them. And the
respondents then, write down their responses in
the space provided the accomplished
questionnaire is then returned for appropriate
processing.
3. Observation Method – the data on this
method are gathered either individually or
collectively by means of observation. The
person who gathers the data is called an
investigator while the person being
observed is called the subject.
4. Experiment Method – this method
is used when the objective is to
determine the cause and effect
relationship of a certain phenomenon
under controlled condition.
When gathering statistical data, you need to
consider your number of respondents.

POPULATION refers to the totality of all

the elements or persons for which one has
an interest at a particular time . For
example, the faculty of a school, the
graduating class, the male students. The
notation for population is
SAMPLE is a part of population
determined by sampling procedures.It
is usually denoted by n.
 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
There are instances when the use of population is not
possible for a particular data gathering activity. In this
situation, sampling is the best option.
Two types of sampling:
1.Probability Sampling. This refers to sampling when
every member of the population is given equal chance of
being selected as a sample.
2.Non-probability Sampling. It does not give every
member of the population fair chance of being selected as
sample.
• Types of probability sampling:
1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
• This is a procedure where a sample is selected
in such a way that every element is likely to be
selected as any other element in the
population.The process of getting a sample in
a form of lottery.
EXAMPLE:(Problem)
The clinic teacher wants to determine the average
height and weight of the Grade 7 students. How
can he randomly select 50 students consisting of
250 male students and 300 female students to
represent the population .
Solution:
The clinic teacher can randomly select the sample
using sample random sampling by following these
simple steps:
1. Assign the student with numbers.
2. Write the student number with his/her
corresponding height in uniform size slips of
paper.
3. Roll the pieces of paper uniformly and
place them in a box.
4.Draw a slip of paper at a time , shaking the
box after each draw until 50 samples are
2. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
This method is a sampling procedure with a
random start.Using the same problem.
1.Using the same data and with the students
assigned with numbers ,and arrange
chronologically, the clinic teacher with eyes
closed,points to a number.If the number pointed to
is ,let us say 7,student number 7 becomes a part of
the sample.
2. From student 7,count 1 to 7 repeatedly
until all 50 samples are taken.Numbers
which were previously selected will be
eliminated in the counting.
3. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
This is used when the population can be
naturally classified into groups or strata.
Using the same problem.
1. The data should be classified into two groups ,male and
female.
2. Get a proportional number of samples from each group
or strata.The number of samples from the males will be
250/550 or 5/11 of 50 which is 23and from the female is
27.
Place the slips of paper, ,properly filled up in separated
boxes for each group.
4. Draw one at a time ,the required number for each group.
Activity 1:
A. Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provided before the number.
1. What is the most favorite subject of the selected Grade 7 students?
2. What is their least favorite subject?
3. How many students chose Mathematics as their favorite subject?
Lesson 2:
Organizing Data in a Frequency Distribution Table
(Ungrouped Data)

Ungrouped data which is also known as raw

data that has not been placed in any group or
category after collection.
 ORGANIZING DATA
After gathering data, we need to organize
them. If we don’t do this, we might miss
important information about the data and may
result to difficulty in interpreting the data that we
have gathered. Using frequency table helps us
to record, clarify and easily find what we are
looking for our data. In a tally table, tally marks
( I ) are used to record data, while in a frequency
table, numbers are used instead of tally marks.
What’s New ?
Aldrin has a part-time job at the Body Fit
Gym. His boss wants to know the ages of the
teenagers in the center’s taekwondo class. Aldrin
records the ages of everyone in the class. Below
are the ages of the teenagers.
Below are the ages of the teenagers.
Ages of teenagers in the Taekwondo Class

1.How many teenagers are attending the taekwondo class?

2.What is the age of the oldest member of the taekwondo class?
3.What is the age of the youngest member of the taekwondo class?
4.How many teenagers belong to ages 13 to 15?
5.How many students have an age greater than 15?
Organizing Ungrouped Data in a
Frequency Distribution Table
 Steps in constructing a frequency table
(for ungrouped data)
Step 1: Make three columns. Arrange the data
in order in the first column.
Step 2: Make a tally.
Step 3: Count the tallies then write the
frequencies
Step 4: Total all the frequencies
 Ages of students in the Taekwondo class
Age Tally Frequency
13 ll 2
14 ll 2
15 lll 3
16 llll 5
17 lll 3
18 ll 2
19 l 1
TOTAL 18
1. How many teenagers are attending the taekwondo class? 18
2. What is the age of the oldest member of the taekwondo class? 19
3. What is the age of the youngest member of the taekwondo class? 13
4. How many teenagers belong to ages 13 to 15? 7
5. How many students have an age greater than 15? 11
It’s Practice
Time!Below are the results of a survey about the
favorite colors of 15 students in a freshman
class.
Solution:
1. Write the colors in the first column.
2. Make a tally.
3. Count the tallies then write the frequencies.
4. Total all the frequencies.
Activity 1:
An airline asked their passenger on a flight to rate the
quality of their service. The table below shows the ratings of 24
passengers. Make a frequency distribution table of the data
collected. How many passengers gave a rating of 3 and below?
(write your answer on a separate paper)
Lesson 3:
Organizing Data in a Frequency Distribution Table
(Grouped Data)
 Organizing Data in a Frequency
Distribution Table
(Grouped Data)

Grouped data is the type of data which is

classified into groups after collection.
Steps in constructing a frequency table for a given
ungrouped data to be transformed as a grouped data.

1. Determine the range.

Range is the difference between the highest value H and
the lowest value L in the set of data.
R = Highest Score – Lowest Score
2. Determine the desired number of the class interval or
categories or groups(K).
Using k = , where : n is the no .of
entries/samples.
3. Determine the class width or approximate size of
the class interval by dividing the range by the class
interval (k).
w=
4. Write the class intervals starting with the lowest lower value
as determined in the data. Then add the class width to the
starting point to get the next interval. Do this until the highest
value is contained in the last interval.
5. Tally the corresponding number of scores in each
interval. Then summarize the results or sum up the
tallies under the frequency column.
Example 1:Constructing a Frequency Distribution
Table (Grouped)
Scores of Grade 7- 14 in a 50-item Math Test.
25 35 32 34 26 37 38 32
21 38 42 42 42 37 40 43
41 37 44 42 43 41 37 34
35 35 32 26 28 43 45 41
28 39 42 20 43 40 36 39
Steps:
1.Find the Range.
Range = Highest Score-Lowest Score
R = H.S.-L.S.
= 45 – 20
= 25
2. Determine the class (k) or group.
Using k = , where : n is the no .of
entries/samples.

k=
=
= 6.32 or 6
3. Determine the class width or how many
scores are there in a group.
w=
=
= 4.166..
If it is more than a whole number ,add 1 so it
becomes 5. Class width is 5.
4. Determine the class intervals of each class.
You may start from the lowest score or
from the multiple of the interval closest to the
lowest score.
Each class has a lower class limit and an upper class limit which serve
as guides as to which data will be counted to each class.
5. Construct a group frequency distribution table.

Class
Intervals Tally f In 20-24, 20 is the lower
20-24 class limit while 24 is the
25-29 upper class limit.
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
The class width is the difference between two successive lower class limits or
two successive upper class limits.

Class Limits f
20-24
25-29 29-24 =5
30-34
35-30 =5
35-39
40-44
45-49
It’s Practice Time!
Ages of participants who attended a seminar .
12 14 11 11 17 10
13 21 23 25 40 34
14 45 12 16 60 29
15 25 34 50 18 23
16 28 42 42 15 15
17 18 36 19 27 35
18 39 45 13 19 28
19 46 58 34 36 12
20 29
Steps:
1.Find the Range.
Range = Highest Age-Lowest Age
= 60 – 10
= 50
2. Determine the number of classes(k) or
group. Using k = , where : n is the
no .of entries/samples.
k=
=
= 7.07 or 7
3. Determine the class width.
or how many scores are there in a group.
w=
=
= 7.14
If it is more than a whole number ,add 1 so it
becomes 8. Class width is 8.
Class Intervals f
10-17
18-25
26-33
34-41
42-49
50-57
58-65
Activity 1: Construct a grouped frequency distribution table
for the scores of Grade 7-19 in a 50-item Math Test. Write your
answer in a separate paper.
 22 35 22 19 26 17 38 32
 21 36 42 42 42 37 40 45
 44 37 44 44 43 41 35 34
 33 35 32 24 28 43 47 41
 28 39 42 20 43 40 36 31
Performance Task:
Conduct a survey to find out the allowance of the students received
each day from their parents and write their answers inside the box. The
number of respondents is 20 students. Write your answer in a separate
paper.
a. Construct a frequency table for the data.
b. What is the least amount of allowance received by a
student?
c. What is the largest amount of allowance received by a
student?
d. How many students received Php 50.00 a day?
e. What is the frequency of Php 100.00?