Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Manufacture &
Assembly
Introduction To DFM
Factors influencing the
choice of :
- Material
- Manufacturing
(i)Properties
(ii)Quantity required
(iii)Form
(iv)Delivery date /PDC
(v)Size
(vi)Material availability
(vii)Manufacture
(viii)Scrap utilization
(ix)Cost
Properties of Materials
Physical
Mechanical
Specific heat Specific gravity
Melting point Tensile strength
Thermal
Compressive
conductivity strength
Coefficient of Shear strength
thermal
expansion
Bending
strength
Electrical
Fatigue
conductivity properties
Intensity of
Torsional
magnetstrength
ization
Buckling
strength
Saturation
Elastic limit
Remanence
Modulus of
elasticity
Coercive
Impact test
force
figures
Permeability Coefficient of
expansion
Hardness
High
temperature
Technological
Castability
forgeability
Chemical
Resistance to:
Acids
Bases
Capacity for
being rolled
Oxidation
Deep drawing
Water
capacity
Oil
Machinability
Greases
Weldability
Petrol
Suitability for
Brazing
Soap solutions
Shrinkage
Surface properties
Electrolytic cell
formation
Weight of a product
Requirement for lighter
product than the one by a
standard type of construction.
Not necessary by using lower
specific gravity material.
Lighter product realizable by
lightweight construction
Coefficients of friction
Wear
Corrosion Resistance
Thermal
Characteristics.
Manufacture. Special
circumstances, or the need for lowest
possible manufacturing cost, dictate
choice of material, a specific
manufacturing method goes with it.
Surface qualities obtainable through
additional finishing operations or by
suitable coating substances may
demand the use of special materials.
Quantity required.The
customer always indicates
the quantity of items
required.
This data helps in
eliminating some of the
possible (alternative)
materials.
Material availability.For
economic or political
reasons it may be difficult
or impossible to procure
certain materials.
Look for other alternate
material which may not
always be a perfect
substitute
Requirements regarding
materials are stated in the
problem as presented to the
designer.
The designer himself is
therefore responsible for
listing all those factors
deriving from the customer's
requirements which determine
the choice of material.
Evaluation plan
Mechanical
strength
Resistance
to
climatic
effects
Notch
toughness
Elongation
etc.
bra
ss
Evaluation plan
Material
Mechanical strength
Resistance to
climatic
effects
Service life
Appearance
Manufacturing Cost
Number of points
Cast
iron
Mallea
ble
iron
Steel
Ideal
9
9
3
9
9
2
9
7
6
9
9
35
33
35
45
Cast Iron
Grey cast iron is adequate for
general engineering castings
Highly stressed machine
frames or cylinders
Chilled cast iron : acidresistant, alkali-resistant,
and heat-resistant
Hardness
Elongatio
n
Tensile
strength
Corrosion
resistance
Wear
resistance
Temperat
ure
sensitivity
low
high
Weldabilit
Requirement
Diagram showing utilization of given properties of a material
y
Chromium: Chromium
increases the tensile
strength, elongation, and
hardness. Chrome steels are
rust-resistant and highly
heat-resistant.
Brass (contd)
A further advantage is the
resistance offered to corrosion.
Strength is not high at elevated
temperatures, however.
Temperatures of 200 C should
generally not be exceeded.
ME0005: Factors
influencing
the choice of Manufacturing
Patents
Climatic influences
Quantity required
Available equipment
Cost
Delivery date
Overhaul
Influence of the
manufacturing cost factor.
The economics of
manufacture determine the
course taken in the later
stages of a design.
Hardness
Elongation
Tensile
strength
Corrosion
resistance
Wear
resistance
Temperature
sensitivity
Weldability
high
low
Requirement
_________________Required performance, ---------------------- Actual performance
Alloy
Yield Strength
[MPa ]
Density
(g/cm3)
Brass
415
8.5
Steel
860
7.9
Aluminum
310
2.7
Titanium
550
4.5
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