Channel Switching

Christofer Lindheimer
WRAN System Management

Outline
The need for channel switching of interactive /
background PS data
Different types of channel switching
How channel switching interacts with other algorithms
Triggers for channel switching
Bit Rate
Coverage

Commercial in confidence 2

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Motivation for channel switching?

Channel switching is an important part of radio performance

optimization based on instantaneous resource situation

Low load situation : Give as much as possible when needed to

single users
High load situation: Users have to share available resources

Benefits:

Efficient usage of air interface capacity

Increase fairness between Interactive/Background PS users
Adaptation to coverage

Commercial in confidence 3

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Channel Rate switching and

Channel Type switching

Channel Rate Switching:

Switching between different rates, e.g., 64/6464/128 64/384

kbps radio bearers
Related to channel quality or throughput

Channel Type Switching

Switching between, e.g., DCH FACH or FACH Idle

Related to activity/inactivity or admission/congestion control

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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Channel Rate switching

Up-switch
e.g. 64
128

384 Kbps

Bit rate

Down-switch
e.g. 384
128

64 Kbps

Distance
from RBS

Distance
from RBS

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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Channel Type switching Interactive RAB, e.g. web browsing

User data

DCH

FACH/RACH
tstart

tstart

tstart

texpire

Idle
Time

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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Trigger mechanisms
Channel Switching
Algorithms

Channel
Switchin
g

Congestion Control
Down-switch from dedicated
to common channel to resolve
congestion

Down/up switch based on

coverage and user activity

Admission Control

Soft Handover

Soft Congestion: Down-switch

from one dedicated channel to
another, e.g. from 64/384 to
64/128 to free up radio
resources

Down-switch from 64/384 or 64/128 to

64/64 if Admission Control denies adding
a radio link to the Active Set
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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Channel Switching Algorithm

State Transitions
Connected Mode
1. Common to Dedicated

Dedicated Channel (Cell_DCH)

Cell_DCH 64/384 kbps UL/DL

2
2. Dedicated to dedicated

Cell_DCH 64/128 kbps UL/DL

Cell_DCH 64/64 kbps UL/DL

3. Dedicated to common

1
Common Channel (Cell_FACH)
RACH/FACH
(max. 32 kbps)

4. Common to Idle Mode

Idle Mode
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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Common to Dedicated Evaluation

Monitors if the UE shall be switched from a common to a dedicated transport
channel due to large amount of user data buffered in the RNC or the UE.
Connected Mode
Dedicated Channel
(Cell_DCH)

64/384

UL or DL RLC
buffer load

64/128

Up-switch

64/64
Common Channel
(Cell_FACH)

RACH/FACH
Idle Mode
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Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Dedicated to Dedicated
Coverage triggered Down-Switch Evaluation
Monitors if a switch to a lower rate radio bearer is required due to coverage.
Connected Mode

Pcode

Downswitch!

Dedicated Channel
(Cell_DCH)

64/384

64/128
64/64
Common Channel
(Cell_FACH)

RACH/FACH
Idle Mode
Commercial in confidence 10

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Dedicated to Dedicated
-Up-Switch Evaluation
Monitors if the throughput becomes close to the max user bandwidth (>90%) and
switch to the next higher bitrate radio bearer is possible from a power perspective.

Upswitch!

Connected Mode
Dedicated Channel
(Cell_DCH)

Pcode

64/384

64/128
64/64
Common Channel
(Cell_FACH)

RACH/FACH
Idle Mode
Commercial in confidence 11

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Dedicated to Common Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from a Cell_DCH to Cell_FACH is required due to a decrease
in transmitted user data.

Downswitch!

Connected Mode
Dedicated Channel
(Cell_DCH)

64/384

64/128
64/64
Common Channel
(Cell_FACH)

downswitch
Timer

downswitch
Timer

RACH/FACH
Idle Mode
Commercial in confidence 12

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Common to Idle Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from Cell_FACH to Idle mode is required due to a complete
lack of user data transmission.
Connected Mode
Dedicated Channel
(Cell_DCH)

64/384

If both the UL and DL throughput is zero for a duration

specified by an inactivity timer parameter, a request
is sent to the Core Network to release the connection.

64/128
64/64
Common Channel
(Cell_FACH)

RACH/FACH

Idle Mode
Commercial in confidence 13

Channel Switching

2005-09-26

Summary
SHOcan
can
SHO
initiateaa
initiate
switchififitit
switch
failsto
toadd
add
fails
RL
aaRL

Soft
Soft
Congestion
Congestion
Cell_DCH 64/384

Upswitch
Upswitch
based
basedon
on
bandwidth
bandwidth

Cell_DCH 64/128

Coverage
Coverage
triggered
triggereddownswitch
downswitch

Cell_DCH 64/64

Cell_FACH

Commonto
to
Common
Dedicated
Dedicated
basedon
on
based
buffersize
size
buffer

No
No
activity
activity
Idle Mode

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Channel Switching

Dedicated
to common
based on
throughput
or
congestion

2005-09-26

Questions and Answers

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Channel Switching

2005-09-26