SSA

CATC

Spanning Tree Protocol

(STP)

Renaldo Rheeder
Academy Manager
Renaldo.rheeder@ssacatc.co.za

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved.

Agenda
SSA
CATC

Background
Why do we need STP?
How does STP work?

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

SSA
CATC

Background

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

How does L2 Switches operate

Unicast PC0 to PC2 table Unpopulated
SSA
CATC
PC1
PC0

Switch Port
F0/1

PC2

MAC Address
PC0

F0/2
F0/3
STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

How does L2 Switches operate

Unicast PC0 to PC2 table Populated
SSA
CATC
PC1
PC0

STP

Switch Port

MAC Address

F0/1

PC0

F0/2

PC1

F0/3

PC2
2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

PC2

How does L2 Switches operate

Broadcast from PC0
SSA
CATC
PC1
PC0

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

PC2

SSA
CATC

Why do we need
STP?

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

LAN Design
One of the goals of LAN Design = FUNCTIONALITY

SSA
CATC

(CCNA 3 module 5 page 5.1.1: Functionality - The network must

work. The network must allow users to meet their job requirements.
The network must provide user-to-user and user-to-application
connectivity with reasonable speed and reliability.

RELIABILITY implies REDUNDANCY

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

A Redundant Network without STP

table Unpopulated + Unicast PC1-PC0
SSA
CATC

PC0

Switch Port

MAC Address

F0/1

PC1
PC1

F0/2

Switch Port

MAC Address

F0/1

PC1
PC1

F0/2

PC1
STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

SSA
CATC

How does STP

work?

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

10

Redundancy with L2 Switches

Lets look at a simple non-redundant network
(4.1STP01)

SSA
CATC

Clearly this design failed on FUNCTIONALITY

Lets then add some redundancy (4.1STP02)

Clearly this design did not fail on FUNCTIONALITY

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

11

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

SSA
CATC

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

12

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root

SSA
CATC

2. Calculate best path to root

3. Configure ports to forward to Root
4. Disable certain ports to break loop

Root

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

13

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root

32768.0001 SSA

CATC

BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-01

Switch0

Switch1
BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-02

STP

32768.0001

Switch2
BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-03

32768.0002

32768.0003

32768.0002

32768.0003

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

14

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root

32768.0001 SSA

CATC

ROOT=32768.00-00-00-00-00-01
BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-01

Switch0

ROOT=32768.00-00-00-00-00-01

Switch1

BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-02

STP

32768.0001

ROOT=32768.00-00-00-00-00-01

Switch2
BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-03

32768.0002

32768.0003

32768.0002

32768.0003

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

15

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root
2. Calculate best path to root

ROOT

SSA
CATC

Switch0

Cost = 100

Switch1

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

Cost = 100

Cost = 100

Switch2

16

The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root
2. Calculate best path to root

ROOT
Switch0

Cost = 100

000

SSA
CATC

Cost = 100
100

Switch1

Cost to Root =
0+100
Cost to Root =
100+100
STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

Cost = 100

Switch2

Cost to Root =
0+100
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The STP Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

1. Select Root
2. Calculate best path to root
3. Configure ports to forward to Root
(RP & DP)

SSA
CATC

ROOT
Switch0

DP

DP

4. Disable certain ports to break loop

Cost = 100

Cost = 100

RP
Switch1
BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-02

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

DP
?

RP
Cost = 100

X?

Switch2

BID=32768.00-00-00-00-00-03

18

SSA
CATC

How does this work

in PT?

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

19

Lets look in PT
The STP process (4.1STP04)

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

SSA
CATC

20

SSA
CATC

Questions?

STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved

21

SSA
CATC

Thank you

OUR MISSION
To play a leading role in The Cisco Networking Academy Program in SubSaharan Africa by contributing to the empowerment and sustainable
development of all Academies by providing, supporting and facilitating
quality, affordable communication networking and related training to all on
an equal basis
STP

2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved.

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