The Living World

Biology

Living and Non-living

Biology is the study of living things

Living something that is alive
Non-living something that isnt alive
and never has been alive
Dead something that has once been
living

Movement: All living things move even plants!

Respiration: the release of energy from food so organisms

can do things

Sensitivity: all living things respond to the world around

them.

Cellularity: all living things are made of microscopic building

blocks called cells

Growth: all living things grow and get bigger

Reproduction: all organisms need to reproduce to keep their

species going.

Excretion: All living things make waste products.

Nutrition: All living things need food. Plants do this through

photosynthesis

Cells
The Building Blocks of Life

Cells

Cells are the

building blocks of
life
Cells are very small
and can only be
seen under the
microscope

History of Cells

Cell Structures - Organelles

Within each cell there are small organelles
these are small structures inside the cell
which help the cell carry out its important
jobs

Cell Theory

Cell theory states that:

Cells are the basic building blocks
of life
All living things are made of cells
whether they be big (like us) or very very
small (like bacteria)

All cells come from other cells

Different Types of Cells

Plants

Plants

Flowers

Flowers

Flowers are sex organs of these plants

they contain both the male and
female sex organs that make sex cells
Male reproductive organ = STAMEN
made of a long FILAMENT with an
ANTHER at the tip
The ANTHER produces POLLEN which
produces SPERM CELLS

Flowers

Female reproductive organ =

CARPEL and consists of a STIGMA
which catches pollen.
The STIGMA sits atop a STYLE
At the base is the OVARY

Pollination

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis
Is the process of using light to make food
Occurs in the leaves of plants
Needs the pigment chlorophyll which is contained in the
organelles chloroplasts

Carbon dioxide + water ---- > Glucose + Oxygen

Light

A close-up on leaves
Leaves have a number of features
or adaptations in order to carry
out photosynthesis very
effectively

Wide Blade

Captures a lot of light

Thin leaf

Allows light to penetrate

Vein network

Supports leaf, supplies water from roots, and

moves sugars to rest of plant

Green colour

Chlorophyll is present to trap light energy

Pores in leaf
(stomata)

Allow CO2 and O2 to move in and out of leaf

Waxy surface

Reduces water loss

Strong petiole

Holds it up to light

Epidermal cells

Protect leaf and makes wavy surface

Palisade cells

Have lot of chlorophyll for trapping light

Vascular tissue

Tubes bring water from roots, other tubes carry

sugars to all parts of plant

Spongy Mesophyll Less chlorophyll as light weaker, well spaced

cells
cells let gases circulate

Guard cells

Control opening of stoma to let gases in and

out