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Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals Guide

This document discusses centrifugal pump basics and terms used in the pumping industry. It defines a centrifugal pump as one that uses an impeller to draw water into its eye and accelerate it outwards, throwing it against the pump casing to direct flow out of the discharge. It provides diagrams of a centrifugal pump, its impeller rotation, and typical pump curves. It also defines key pumping terms like specific gravity, head, capacity, and open and closed pumping systems.

Uploaded by

Arnold Arung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • System Head Curve,
  • Pump Head,
  • Pump Installation,
  • Pump Flow Rate,
  • Pump Sizing,
  • Pump Characteristics,
  • Fluid Facts,
  • Pump Efficiency,
  • Pump Maintenance,
  • Hydraulic Calculations
80 views18 pages

Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals Guide

This document discusses centrifugal pump basics and terms used in the pumping industry. It defines a centrifugal pump as one that uses an impeller to draw water into its eye and accelerate it outwards, throwing it against the pump casing to direct flow out of the discharge. It provides diagrams of a centrifugal pump, its impeller rotation, and typical pump curves. It also defines key pumping terms like specific gravity, head, capacity, and open and closed pumping systems.

Uploaded by

Arnold Arung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • System Head Curve,
  • Pump Head,
  • Pump Installation,
  • Pump Flow Rate,
  • Pump Sizing,
  • Pump Characteristics,
  • Fluid Facts,
  • Pump Efficiency,
  • Pump Maintenance,
  • Hydraulic Calculations

Centrifugal Pump Basics

Terms commonly used in the


pumping industry

Centrifugal Pump Basics

Centrifugal, (Sen-trif-u-gal)
Tending to fly from a center
Thrown from a center
Centrifugal pump impeller does just that
Water drawn into impeller eye, accelerated
down the blades and thrown against pump
casing that directs flow out of discharge

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Centrifugal Pump

Impeller Rotation
Liquid into
impeller eye from
pump suction

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Centrifugal Pump Curve

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Centrifugal Pump Curve

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Basic Fluid Facts
1 Gallon of water
(U.S. @ 60DegF) weighs
8.33 lbs

1 cubic foot of water


contains 7.48 gallons
Specific Gravity
(Sp Gr) of a fluid is
the relationship of the
density (lbs/ft3) to that of
water (62.3 lbs/ft3)

2.31 ft

1 psig

WATER COLUMN

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Specific Gravity
WATER
1.0 sp gr

GASOLINE
0.8 sp gr

BRINE
1.2 sp gr

231 ft

100 psig

80 psig

120 psig

Pump head (ft) = psig*2.31


sp gr
hp = gpm*hd*sp gr*100
3960*Pump Eff
Pump Shut-off Head 231ft

Centrifugal Pump Basics


BASIC FLUID FACTS
1

1 inch square
column of air, the
height of the
earths atmosphere
(From Sea Level)
weights 14.7 lbs

0 psig

Air Column

14.7 psia

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Basic Centrifugal Pump Equations
For variations in impeller diameter, at constant speed:

D1 = Q1 =
D2 Q2

H1
H2

BHP1 = D13
BHP2

D23

For variations in speed, with constant impeller diameter:

S1 = Q1 =
S2 = Q2

H1
H2

BHP1 = S13
BHP2 S23

Where: D = Impeller Diameter (Ins / mm)


H = Pump Head (Ft / m)
Q = Pump Capacity (gpm / lps)
S = Speed (rpm / rps)
BHP = Brake Horsepower (Shaft Power - hp / kW)

Centrifugal Pump Basics


System Resistance

Friction Loss for Water in Commercial Steel Pipe (Schedule 40)

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Open & Closed Systems

A Closed hydronic system is one


that has only one interface with air
or flexible membrane
An Open hydronic system is one
that has more than one interface
with air or a flexible membrane

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Closed System
Balancing
Valve

3-Way
Isolating
Control Valve Valve
LOAD

LOAD

LOAD

BUILDING
HEIGHT

LOAD

EXPANSION

SOURCE

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Closed System Resistance Curve

System Resistance Curve


Friction
Losses

CAPACITY

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Open System
Static Head

Static
Suction Head

CONDENSER

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Open System Resistance Curve

Friction
Losses

HEAD

System Head Curve

Total
Static
Head

CAPACITY

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Closed System with
Minimum Maintained Pressure
BALANCING
VALVE

2 WAY CONTROL ISOLATING


VALVE
VALVE

LOAD

LOAD

LOAD

BUILDING
HEIGHT

LOAD

EXPANSION

SOURCE

Centrifugal Pump Basics


Closed System Resistance Curve with
Minimum Maintained Pressure

Friction
Losses

HEAD

System Head Curve

Minimum
Maintained
Pressure

CAPACITY

Centrifugal Pump Basics

Terms commonly used in the


pumping industry

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