Circulato

ry
System
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Types of
Circulatio
n

Open Circulation
In this type of circulatory system, the blood
may be present in the blood vessels for
some time but finally it comes out of the
blood vessels. The internal organs are
directly bathed in blood. The blood flows
from the heart into the arteries. The artery
open into large spaces called sinuses. From
the sinus the blood is carried by the veins to
the heart. There are no inter connecting
vessels or capillaries between the arteries
and the veins, as the blood comes out of
blood vessels. This type of circulatory
system is called open type. It occurs in
annelids like leeches, arthropods, most of

Open Circulation
Characteristics of Open
Circulation;
1.The blood flows at a very low velocity
and at low pressure due to the
absence of smooth muscles.
2. There is direct exchange of materials
between the cells and the blood
because of the direct contact between
them.
3.The respiratory pigment, when
present, is dissolved in the plasma of
the blood and there are no red

Closed Circulation
In the closed type of circulatory
system, the blood remains inside
the blood vessels and does not
come out. The blood flows from
arteries to veins through small
blood vessels called capillaries.
The closed type of circulatory
system occurs in most of the
annelids, cephalopods and
vertebrates including man.

Closed Circulation
Characteristics of Closed
Circulation;
1. The speed of circulation is more rapid
due to the presence of muscular and
contractile blood vessels.
2. The supply and removal of materials to
and from the tissues by the blood is
enhanced, thereby increasing the
efficiency of circulation.
3. The volume of blood flowing through a
tissue or organ is regulated by the
contraction and relaxation of the
muscles of the blood vessels.

Functions
of the
Circulatory
System

 The functions of the circulatory system are:

Transport gases, like oxygen from the lungs
to cells around the body and carbon dioxide
from the cells to the lungs.
Transport nutrients like glucose.
Transport wastes from cells to organs that
play the role of eliminating them.
It contains cells that fight infections and
defend against foreign bodies.
Maintains the pH levels and ionic
concentration of fluids in the body.
Helps maintain the body temperature, this is
especially important in warm blooded
animals like humans.

Parts of
the
Circulatory
System

The circulatory system is

divided into three major
parts:
The Heart
The Blood
The Blood Vessels

Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular

organ that pumps blood. It consists
of two pumps that lie side by side.
These pumps relax when taking in
blood and contract as they send out
blood. The left side of the heart is a
stronger pump than the right side.
The stronger pump receives blood
from the lungs and sends it to cells
throughout the body. The weaker
pump receives blood from the cells
throughout the body and sends the
blood to the lungs.

 Aorta - the body's

largest artery. Takes
oxygenated blood from
the left ventricle to the
body.
Pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated
blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs.
Right Atrium - Receives
deoxygenated blood
from the body
Left Atrium - It
receivesoxygenatedblo
odfrom thepulmonary
veins, and pumps it into
theleft ventricle
Pulmonary Vein - Takes
oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the left
atrium

oxygenated blood
into the aorta
Right Ventricle pumps deoxygenated
blood into the
pulmonary artery
Coronary Vessels supply the heart
muscle with its blood
supply
Bicuspid Valve - valve
between the left
atrium and the left
ventricle.
Tricuspid Valve valve between the
right atrium an the
right ventricle.

Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes that
circulate your
blood

Three Kinds of
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Heart pumps blood
Main artery called the aorta
Aorta divides and branches
Many smaller arteries
Each region of your body has system
of arteries supplying it with fresh,
oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood.

Arteries
Tough on the outside
Smooth on the inside
Muscular wall helps the
heart pump blood

Have strong, muscular walls

The inner layer is very smooth
so that the blood can flow easily

Capillaries
Very thin
Only one cell thick
Connect arteries &
veins

Capillaries
Food and oxygen
released to the body cells
Carbon dioxide and other
waste products returned
to the bloodstream

Veins
Carry blood to the heart
Receive blood from the capillaries
Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor
blood back to the lungs and heart
Valves are located inside the veins
Allow blood to move in one direction

Valves are located inside

the veins. The valves only
allow blood to move in one
direction.

Blood
Pumped by your heart.
Travels through thousands of miles
of blood vessels
Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and
waste products to and from your
body cells.
Made up of liquids, solids and small
amounts of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.

Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells carry oxygen
from the lungs to all the cells of
the body.
Takes carbon dioxide and
transports it back to the lungs
About 5,000,000 Red Blood
Cells in ONE drop of blood.

White Blood
Cells
White blood cells protect
the body from germs
Attack and destroy
germs when they enter
the body

Platelets
Platelets are
blood cells that
help stop bleeding

Blood
Plasma is the liquid part of the
blood
About half of your blood is
made of plasma
The plasma carries the blood
cells throughout the body
Plasma is made in the liver.

Blood
Circulatio
n

Pulmonary
Circulation
Pulmonary circulationis the
half portion of
thecardiovascular
systemwhich carriesoxygendepletedbloodaway from the
heart, to thelungs, and returns
oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood
back to the heart.

Coronary
Coronary circulationis the
Circulation
circulation
of blood in theblood
vesselsof theheartmuscle
(myocardium). The vessels that
deliver oxygen-rich blood to the
myocardium are known ascoronary
arteries. The vessels that remove the
deoxygenated blood from the heart
muscle are known as cardiac veins.
These include thegreat cardiac vein,
the middle cardiac vein, thesmall
cardiac veinand the anterior cardiac
veins.

Renal
Circulation
Therenal circulationreceives
around 20% of the cardiac
output. It branches from
theabdominal aortaand returns
blood to the ascendingvena
cava. It is the blood supply to
thekidney, and contains many
specialized blood vessels.

Portal
Circulation

Portal circulation refers to the circulation of

the blood from the small intestine to the
liver, via the portal vein. Blood flow to the
liver is unique in that it receives oxygenated
and de-oxygenated blood. Blood passes from
branches of the portal vein through cavities
between "plates" of hepetocytes called
sinusoids. Blood also flows from branches of
the hepatic artery and mixes into the
sinusoids to supply the hepatocytes with
oxygen. This mixture percolates through the
sinusoids and collects in a central vein which
drain into the hepatic vein. The hepatic vein
subsequently drains into the inferior vena
cava.

Systemic
Circulation

Systemic circulationis the

part of the cardiovascular
systemwhich
carriesoxygenated bloodaway
from the heart to thebody,
and returns deoxygenated
blood back to the heart.