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Structure of enzymes
All enzymes are globular proteins. They are soluble in water
due to the presence of many hydrophilic side groups on their
constituent amino acids.
Most enzymes are very large
molecules but only a small
part of them is involved in
catalysis. This is called the
active site and it may consist
of just a few amino acids.
active site
The remainder of the amino acids maintain the precise
shape of the enzyme and the active site.
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water
catalase
HO
2
oxygen
O2
Classification of enzymes
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coenzymes organic
molecules that bind only
temporarily to the enzyme,
transferring a chemical group
necessary required for the
reaction. Examples include
vitamin C and ATP.
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vitamin C
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temperature
pH
enzyme concentration
substrate concentration.
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Effect of pH on enzymes
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Inhibitors in
toxins/venom can
irreversibly block
enzymes such as
acetylcholinesterase,
causing paralysis and
death.
folic acid
methotrexate
End-product inhibition
Enzyme inhibition is important in regulating metabolic
pathways. The final (end) product often acts as a regulator
of the pathway in a process called end-product inhibition.
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Glossary
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Multiple-choice quiz
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